29 June 2021

#OpenStack

#OpenStack

Key Concepts


Topic Sub-Topics Basic Intermediate Advanced Expert
Compute Nova, Hypervisors (KVM, QEMU), Flavors, Images ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Networking Neutron, Networks, Subnets, Routers, Security Groups, Load Balancers, VPN ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Storage Cinder (Block), Swift (Object), Manila (File), Storage Pools ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Identity & Access Keystone, Users, Projects, Roles, Domains, Policies ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Dashboard / UI Horizon, Panels, Roles, Customization ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Orchestration Heat, Stacks, Templates, Autoscaling ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Telemetry / Monitoring Ceilometer, Gnocchi, Aodh, Monasca ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Image Management Glance, Image Registry, Image Formats ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Bare Metal / Hardware Ironic, PXE Boot, Node Provisioning ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Messaging / Queue RabbitMQ, Zaqar ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Container Integration Magnum, Zun, Kubernetes on OpenStack ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Security Barbican (Key Management), Security Groups, Policy.json, Vault Integration ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
API & CLI OpenStack CLI, REST APIs, SDKs, Authentication ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
High Availability & Scaling HA Controllers, Distributed Services, Load Balancing ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Deployment & Automation DevStack, Kolla, TripleO, Ansible ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Networking Advanced ML2, VLAN, VXLAN, SDN Plugins, Neutron Agents ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Storage Advanced Multi-backend, Snapshots, Backups, Replication ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Logging & Auditing Syslog, ELK Integration, Audit Trails ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Backup & Recovery Volume Snapshots, Image Backup, Disaster Recovery ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Specialized Services Trove (DBaaS), Sahara (Big Data), Zaqar (Messaging), Manila (Shared Storage) ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅

Interview question

Basic Level

  1. What is OpenStack?
  2. List the core components of OpenStack.
  3. What is Nova in OpenStack?
  4. What is the role of Neutron?
  5. What is Keystone in OpenStack?
  6. What is Horizon?
  7. What is Glance used for?
  8. What is Cinder used for?
  9. What is Swift used for?
  10. What are Flavors in OpenStack?
  11. Difference between Compute and Hypervisor.
  12. What are Security Groups?
  13. What is a Project/Tenant in OpenStack?
  14. What is a Domain in Keystone?
  15. What is an Image in OpenStack?
  16. What is an Instance in OpenStack?
  17. Difference between Instance and Flavor.
  18. What is a Network in Neutron?
  19. What is a Subnet in Neutron?
  20. What is a Router in OpenStack?
  21. Difference between Public and Private Networks.
  22. What is Floating IP?
  23. How to launch an instance from Horizon?
  24. How to launch an instance using CLI?
  25. What is a Volume in Cinder?
  26. What is a Snapshot?
  27. Difference between Snapshot and Backup.
  28. What is the default image format in Glance?
  29. What is a Key Pair in OpenStack?
  30. Difference between Key Pair and Password Authentication.
  31. What is Nova Scheduler?
  32. What is the difference between Bare Metal and VM instances?
  33. What is a Tenant Network?
  34. What is LBaaS in OpenStack?
  35. What is Heat used for?
  36. What is DevStack?
  37. What is Magnum?
  38. What is Zun?
  39. What is Manila?
  40. What is Trove?
  41. What is Sahara?
  42. What is Zaqar?
  43. What is Ironic?
  44. What is a Compute Node?
  45. What is a Controller Node?
  46. What is a Message Queue in OpenStack?
  47. What is RabbitMQ used for?
  48. What is an Endpoint in Keystone?
  49. How to check the OpenStack version?
  50. What is the OpenStack CLI?

Intermediate Level

  1. How to create a flavor using CLI?
  2. How to create a network using CLI?
  3. How to create a subnet in Neutron?
  4. How to attach a volume to an instance?
  5. How to create a snapshot of a volume?
  6. How to create a key pair using CLI?
  7. How to launch an instance using a custom image?
  8. How to create a router in Neutron?
  9. How to configure Floating IPs for instances?
  10. How to manage Security Groups using CLI?
  11. How to create a Project/Tenant?
  12. How to assign roles to a user in a project?
  13. How to upload an image to Glance?
  14. How to delete an image from Glance?
  15. How to scale instances using Nova?
  16. How to create an autoscaling Heat template?
  17. How to manage instance metadata?
  18. How to configure LBaaS for a network?
  19. How to configure VPNaaS?
  20. How to enable HA for Compute nodes?
  21. How to monitor instances using Ceilometer?
  22. How to collect telemetry data with Gnocchi?
  23. How to trigger alarms with Aodh?
  24. How to manage logs using Monasca?
  25. How to integrate Horizon with Keystone?
  26. How to customize Horizon panels?
  27. How to register a new hypervisor with Nova?
  28. How to manage projects and quotas?
  29. How to configure object storage container policies?
  30. How to configure versioning in Swift?
  31. How to use Glance image properties?
  32. How to migrate instances between hosts?
  33. How to attach a network interface to an instance?
  34. How to use Heat stack outputs?
  35. How to manage multiple tenants?
  36. How to configure QoS in Neutron?
  37. How to configure VLAN and VXLAN networks?
  38. How to set up OpenStack CLI environment variables?
  39. How to use OpenStack SDKs?
  40. How to integrate OpenStack with LDAP for authentication?
  41. How to enable Horizon multi-tenancy?
  42. How to manage Nova flavors programmatically?
  43. How to use Cinder volume types?
  44. How to implement encryption for Cinder volumes?
  45. How to implement Swift object versioning?
  46. How to deploy containerized workloads using Magnum?
  47. How to deploy Docker containers with Zun?
  48. How to manage shared file systems using Manila?
  49. How to monitor usage quotas per project?
  50. How to enable detailed logging for services?

Advanced Level

  1. How to configure multi-host Nova scheduler policies?
  2. How to implement HA for Keystone and Horizon?
  3. How to configure Neutron L3 agents for multiple routers?
  4. How to implement advanced Security Groups and Firewall rules?
  5. How to configure distributed LBaaS with Octavia?
  6. How to design multi-backend Cinder storage?
  7. How to implement Swift replication across regions?
  8. How to manage large-scale Glance image catalogs?
  9. How to implement Nova cell architecture?
  10. How to optimize VM placement with Nova scheduler filters?
  11. How to configure Ceilometer for multi-tenant metrics collection?
  12. How to implement custom alarms using Aodh?
  13. How to integrate Monasca with external monitoring systems?
  14. How to implement custom Heat templates for enterprise deployment?
  15. How to configure automatic stack scaling with Heat?
  16. How to integrate Keystone with external identity providers?
  17. How to implement advanced network segmentation using ML2 plugins?
  18. How to configure VXLAN and VLAN networks for multi-tenant isolation?
  19. How to configure DHCP, L3, and Metadata agents in Neutron?
  20. How to implement distributed firewall policies?
  21. How to secure Cinder and Swift with encryption and key management?
  22. How to implement multi-region Swift storage replication?
  23. How to configure object lifecycle policies in Swift?
  24. How to implement GPU scheduling in Nova?
  25. How to monitor instance performance metrics in large deployments?
  26. How to automate instance backups and recovery?
  27. How to integrate OpenStack with Ceph for storage backend?
  28. How to implement high availability for Gnocchi and Aodh?
  29. How to configure advanced logging with Monasca and ELK?
  30. How to deploy containerized clusters with Magnum at scale?
  31. How to implement advanced orchestration using Heat and Ansible?
  32. How to optimize resource allocation across multiple tenants?
  33. How to implement quota management policies for projects?
  34. How to implement advanced Horizon customizations for enterprise users?
  35. How to deploy and scale Ironic bare metal nodes?
  36. How to implement service discovery for OpenStack services?
  37. How to implement disaster recovery for Nova and Cinder?
  38. How to integrate OpenStack with external storage arrays?
  39. How to implement automated monitoring and alerting for all services?
  40. How to configure multi-availability zone deployments?
  41. How to implement advanced firewall rules with Neutron plugins?
  42. How to optimize Cinder volume performance for high IOPS workloads?
  43. How to implement shared file systems with Manila at scale?
  44. How to integrate Trove DBaaS with applications?
  45. How to deploy Hadoop/Spark clusters using Sahara?
  46. How to implement messaging services with Zaqar at scale?
  47. How to integrate OpenStack services with CI/CD pipelines?
  48. How to implement advanced auditing and compliance logging?
  49. How to troubleshoot multi-service dependency failures?
  50. How to implement enterprise-grade security policies across OpenStack?

Expert Level

  1. How to architect multi-region OpenStack deployments?
  2. How to implement zero-downtime upgrades for OpenStack services?
  3. How to design enterprise-grade HA for Nova, Cinder, and Neutron?
  4. How to implement multi-cell Nova architecture for thousands of VMs?
  5. How to implement advanced network overlays for hybrid cloud integration?
  6. How to design multi-tenant storage with replication and encryption?
  7. How to implement multi-backend Glance image services at scale?
  8. How to implement global object replication for Swift?
  9. How to integrate OpenStack with VMware and external cloud platforms?
  10. How to implement advanced telemetry aggregation for enterprise analytics?
  11. How to automate orchestration with Heat, Ansible, and Terraform?
  12. How to implement hybrid cloud container orchestration with Magnum?
  13. How to deploy and manage Kubernetes clusters via Zun and Magnum?
  14. How to implement enterprise-grade disaster recovery plans?
  15. How to implement automated scaling across compute and storage?
  16. How to enforce enterprise security compliance using Keystone and Barbican?
  17. How to manage multi-datacenter storage replication?
  18. How to optimize network performance for multi-tenant workloads?
  19. How to implement confidential computing with secure nodes?
  20. How to integrate OpenStack logging with enterprise SIEM systems?
  21. How to implement advanced monitoring and predictive analytics?
  22. How to deploy and manage HPC clusters in OpenStack?
  23. How to implement advanced quota and resource scheduling?
  24. How to integrate OpenStack with enterprise LDAP/Active Directory at scale?
  25. How to implement advanced identity federation strategies?
  26. How to design multi-service dependency monitoring?
  27. How to optimize storage backend for mixed workloads?
  28. How to implement large-scale Heat orchestration pipelines?
  29. How to secure bare metal nodes with Ironic at enterprise scale?
  30. How to implement multi-region and multi-cloud backup strategies?
  31. How to integrate OpenStack with public cloud services?
  32. How to implement service mesh patterns in OpenStack environments?
  33. How to troubleshoot cross-service failures at enterprise scale?
  34. How to implement fine-grained RBAC across thousands of users?
  35. How to implement advanced API rate limiting and throttling?
  36. How to integrate OpenStack with external monitoring and alerting tools?
  37. How to implement automated CI/CD for OpenStack service updates?
  38. How to manage large-scale shared file systems with Manila?
  39. How to optimize Neutron networks for high-performance workloads?
  40. How to implement advanced security compliance auditing?
  41. How to monitor performance of multi-region OpenStack clusters?
  42. How to integrate OpenStack with AI/ML workloads?
  43. How to implement predictive scaling for Nova and Magnum workloads?
  44. How to enforce enterprise-wide policy compliance across projects?
  45. How to implement hybrid cloud networking with multi-cloud VPCs?
  46. How to secure inter-service communication in multi-region OpenStack?
  47. How to implement zero-trust security models in OpenStack?
  48. How to design OpenStack for 99.999% availability?
  49. How to implement cross-cloud orchestration for hybrid deployments?
  50. How to optimize OpenStack for petabyte-scale storage and analytics?

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23 June 2021

#Collections

#Collections

Key Concepts


Topic Sub-Topics (comma separated) Basic Intermediate Advanced Expert
Collections Framework Collection Interface, Map Interface, Iterator, Iterable ✅ ✅
Core Interfaces List, Set, Queue, Deque, Map, SortedMap, NavigableMap ✅ ✅ ✅
List Implementations ArrayList, LinkedList, Vector, Stack ✅ ✅
Set Implementations HashSet, LinkedHashSet, TreeSet ✅ ✅ ✅
Queue Implementations PriorityQueue, ArrayDeque, BlockingQueue ✅ ✅
Map Implementations HashMap, LinkedHashMap, TreeMap, Hashtable, ConcurrentHashMap ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Legacy Collections Enumeration, Vector, Hashtable, Properties ✅ ✅
Iteration Techniques Iterator, ListIterator, For-Each, Stream Iteration ✅ ✅ ✅
Utility Classes Collections Class, Arrays Class, Comparator, Comparable ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Sorting & Searching Comparable, Comparator, Collections.sort(), Binary Search ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Synchronization Synchronized Collections, CopyOnWriteArrayList, Concurrent Collections ✅ ✅ ✅
Concurrent Collections ConcurrentHashMap, ConcurrentLinkedQueue, BlockingQueue, CopyOnWriteArraySet ✅ ✅ ✅
Performance Considerations Time Complexity, Space Complexity, Big-O of Collection Operations ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Streams & Collections Stream API Integration, Collectors, Parallel Streams, Mapping/Reducing ✅ ✅ ✅
Custom Implementations Custom Comparator, Custom Collection, Wrapper Classes ✅ ✅ ✅
Weak & Special Collections WeakHashMap, IdentityHashMap, EnumMap, Soft References ✅ ✅
Advanced Data Structures LinkedHashMap (access order), TreeMap with Custom Comparator, PriorityQueue Customization ✅ ✅
Best Practices Choosing Right Collection, Fail-Fast vs Fail-Safe, Memory Considerations ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Garbage Collection & References WeakReference, SoftReference, PhantomReference in Collections ✅ ✅
Real-time Use Cases Caching with Maps, Thread-Safe Queues, LRU Cache with LinkedHashMap ✅ ✅ ✅

Interview question

Basic

  1. What is the Java Collections Framework?
  2. Difference between Collection and Collections in Java?
  3. What are the main interfaces in the Java Collections Framework?
  4. Difference between List, Set, and Map?
  5. What is the difference between Array and ArrayList?
  6. What is the difference between ArrayList and LinkedList?
  7. Difference between HashSet and TreeSet?
  8. What is the difference between HashMap and Hashtable?
  9. What is the difference between HashMap and LinkedHashMap?
  10. What is the difference between HashMap and TreeMap?
  11. What is the default load factor of HashMap?
  12. How does HashMap handle collisions?
  13. What is the initial capacity of HashMap?
  14. What is the difference between fail-fast and fail-safe iterators?
  15. How do you iterate over a List in Java?
  16. How do you sort a List in Java?
  17. How do you reverse a List in Java?
  18. What is the use of Collections utility class?
  19. How do you make a List thread-safe?
  20. What is the difference between synchronized collections and concurrent collections?
  21. What is the difference between ArrayDeque and LinkedList as a Queue?
  22. What is the difference between Stack and Deque?
  23. What is the difference between PriorityQueue and TreeSet?
  24. How does PriorityQueue maintain ordering?
  25. What is the difference between Comparable and Comparator?

Intermediate

  1. Explain how HashMap works internally.
  2. What is the role of hashCode() and equals() in collections?
  3. Why are hashCode() and equals() important in HashMap/HashSet?
  4. What happens if you override equals() but not hashCode()?
  5. What happens if you override hashCode() but not equals()?
  6. What is the difference between shallow copy and deep copy in collections?
  7. How do you create an immutable collection in Java?
  8. What is the difference between unmodifiable and immutable collections?
  9. What are WeakHashMap and its use cases?
  10. How does IdentityHashMap differ from HashMap?
  11. What is EnumSet and EnumMap?
  12. What is the difference between LinkedHashSet and TreeSet?
  13. How does ConcurrentHashMap achieve thread safety?
  14. What is the difference between CopyOnWriteArrayList and ArrayList?
  15. What is the difference between ConcurrentSkipListMap and TreeMap?
  16. What is the difference between BlockingQueue and ConcurrentLinkedQueue?
  17. Explain how LinkedHashMap maintains insertion order.
  18. What is LRU cache and how can you implement it using LinkedHashMap?
  19. What are NavigableMap and NavigableSet?
  20. Explain differences between TreeSet and TreeMap.
  21. How do you synchronize a HashMap?
  22. What is the difference between Collections.synchronizedList and CopyOnWriteArrayList?
  23. What is Spliterator in Java collections?
  24. How do you iterate a map using Java 8 forEach?
  25. How do you convert between arrays and collections?

Advanced

  1. Explain HashMap resizing and rehashing process.
  2. What is the significance of 0.75 load factor in HashMap?
  3. What happens when two keys have the same hashCode in HashMap?
  4. What is the role of linked lists and balanced trees in HashMap buckets (Java 8+)?
  5. Explain the performance differences between ArrayList, LinkedList, and Vector.
  6. How does TreeMap ensure sorting of keys?
  7. Difference between natural ordering and custom ordering in TreeMap/TreeSet?
  8. How does ConcurrentHashMap split data into segments? (Java 7 vs Java 8)
  9. What is the difference between parallelStream() and stream() on collections?
  10. What is a fail-fast iterator? Which collections are fail-fast?
  11. What is a fail-safe iterator? Which collections are fail-safe?
  12. How does CopyOnWriteArrayList work internally?
  13. What are weak references and how does WeakHashMap use them?
  14. How does IdentityHashMap use reference equality?
  15. Explain the difference between Hashtable and ConcurrentHashMap.
  16. How does EnumMap achieve better performance than HashMap?
  17. What are concurrent collections introduced in Java 5?
  18. What is the difference between ArrayBlockingQueue and LinkedBlockingQueue?
  19. How does PriorityBlockingQueue work?
  20. What is DelayQueue and its use cases?
  21. How does LinkedTransferQueue work?
  22. What is the difference between ConcurrentLinkedDeque and ArrayDeque?
  23. How do you implement producer-consumer using BlockingQueue?
  24. How do you avoid ConcurrentModificationException in collections?
  25. Explain the difference between Collections.emptyList() and new ArrayList<>().

Expert

  1. Explain the red-black tree implementation in TreeMap.
  2. How does HashMap deal with hash collisions after Java 8?
  3. What is tail binning in ConcurrentHashMap?
  4. Explain bin migration in ConcurrentHashMap.
  5. What is structural modification in collections?
  6. How does Java?s ForkJoinPool interact with parallel streams on collections?
  7. How do you implement a custom collection in Java?
  8. What interfaces must a custom collection implement?
  9. How do you implement a custom comparator for complex sorting?
  10. How does Spliterator support parallelism in Java collections?
  11. What is the role of characteristics in Spliterator (e.g., ORDERED, DISTINCT, SIZED)?
  12. How do you use Collectors.toMap() without causing IllegalStateException on duplicate keys?
  13. How do you optimize collection performance for read-heavy workloads?
  14. How do you optimize collection performance for write-heavy workloads?
  15. How does ConcurrentSkipListMap ensure thread safety and ordering?
  16. Explain the difference between segment-locking (Java 7) and bucket-level locking (Java 8) in ConcurrentHashMap.
  17. How do you implement a thread-safe LRU cache?
  18. Explain memory overhead of different collections.
  19. How do you implement multi-level sorting using Comparator chaining?
  20. How do you detect and handle memory leaks in collections?
  21. How do you implement an observer pattern with collections?
  22. How does the Stream API integrate with collections?
  23. How do you design collections for large-scale distributed systems?
  24. How do you tune GC behavior for large collections in JVM?
  25. Future of Java collections: how Project Valhalla and new JVM features might affect them?

Related Topics


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