Showing posts with label #2025. Show all posts
Showing posts with label #2025. Show all posts

13 September 2025

#Mockito

#Mockito
Topic - SubTopic Basic Intermediate Advanced Expert
Mockito Basics - Overview What is Mockito?, Features of Mockito, Difference between Mockito and other mocking frameworks Mockito architecture, Mock vs Spy, Why use mocking Mockito vs PowerMockito, Use cases for unit testing, Integration with JUnit Enterprise-level mocking strategies, Multi-module testing, Designing testable code with Mockito
Mocking & Spying Creating mocks, Basic stubbing, Verifying method calls Spy objects, Partial mocking, Argument matchers Mocking final classes, Mocking static methods (PowerMockito), Custom answers Complex stubbing, Chained method mocking, Performance considerations for mocks
Annotations & Setup @Mock, @Spy, @InjectMocks, @Captor MockitoAnnotations.openMocks(), initMocks(), Field injection Annotation-based vs programmatic mocking, Constructor injection Advanced test setup patterns, Dependency injection for large modules, Integration with Spring Boot tests
Verification & Behavior verify() basics, verifyZeroInteractions, verifyNoMoreInteractions Times verification, InOrder verification, AtLeast/AtMost checks Verifying private methods, Complex interaction verification Verifying multi-threaded code, Asynchronous call verification, Global interaction strategies
Stubbing & Argument Matchers when().thenReturn(), thenThrow(), thenAnswer() ArgumentMatchers.any(), eq(), refEq() Custom argument matchers, Answer interface, Dynamic stubbing Advanced conditional stubbing, Context-aware answers, Complex return sequences
Exceptions & Timeouts Stubbing exceptions, verify exceptions, Timeout verification doThrow(), doAnswer(), doReturn() Handling asynchronous exceptions, Mockito with CompletableFuture Exception handling patterns in complex tests, High-concurrency testing
Mockito with JUnit JUnit 4 vs JUnit 5 integration, Basic test case structure @RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class), MockitoExtension, Nested tests Parameterized tests, Combining multiple extensions, Test lifecycle management Advanced integration with Spring Boot, Testcontainers, Multi-module test suites
Behavior Driven Testing BDDMockito basics, given/when/then syntax Combining BDDMockito with JUnit, Verification in BDD style Advanced BDD scenarios, Custom BDD answers Enterprise-level BDD testing strategies, Integrating BDD with CI/CD pipelines
Advanced Features N/A Captors (@Captor), Resetting mocks, Clearing invocations Deep stubs, Mocking collections, Mocking generic types Optimizing large test suites, Multi-threaded mocks, Custom mock frameworks
Tools & Ecosystem N/A Integration with AssertJ, Hamcrest, Basic IDE setup Mockito with Spring Boot, Mockito with PowerMockito, Test coverage tools Enterprise testing strategies, Scaling Mockito tests for microservices, CI/CD automation for tests

Basic

Mockito Basics

  1. What is Mockito?
  2. Features of Mockito
  3. Difference between Mockito and other mocking frameworks
  4. Why is mocking important in unit testing?
  5. What are mocks and stubs?
  6. What is a spy in Mockito?
  7. Difference between mock and spy
  8. How to create a mock object?
  9. How to create a spy object?
  10. Explain basic stubbing
  11. Difference between thenReturn() and thenThrow()
  12. What is verify() in Mockito?
  13. verifyZeroInteractions() usage
  14. verifyNoMoreInteractions() usage
  15. Difference between mock() and Mockito.mock()
  16. How to use Mockito with JUnit?
  17. Difference between Mockito 1.x and 2.x
  18. What are ArgumentMatchers?
  19. Usage of eq() matcher
  20. Usage of any() matcher
  21. Usage of refEq() matcher
  22. What is the difference between @Mock and @Spy?
  23. What is @InjectMocks annotation?
  24. What is @Captor annotation?
  25. How to initialize mocks using MockitoAnnotations?
  26. What is initMocks() method?
  27. How to use openMocks() method?
  28. Difference between annotation-based and programmatic mocks
  29. How to reset a mock?
  30. Difference between doReturn() and when().thenReturn()
  31. What is default behavior of unstubbed mocks?
  32. How to check method call count?
  33. Difference between times(1) and atLeast(1)
  34. Difference between inOrder() and normal verify
  35. What is BDDMockito?
  36. given().willReturn() usage
  37. How to use thenAnswer()?
  38. Difference between thenReturn() and thenAnswer()
  39. Can you mock final classes?
  40. Can you mock static methods?
  41. Difference between Mockito and PowerMockito
  42. How to test exceptions using Mockito?
  43. Usage of doThrow()
  44. doAnswer() usage
  45. How to mock void methods?
  46. What is timeout verification?
  47. Difference between doNothing() and doThrow()
  48. How to use multiple stubbing?
  49. How to clear invocations of a mock?
  50. How to debug failing Mockito tests?

Intermediate

Mockito Setup & Verification

  1. @RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class) usage
  2. MockitoExtension in JUnit 5
  3. Difference between JUnit 4 and JUnit 5 integration
  4. Nested test classes with Mockito
  5. Verifying method calls order
  6. InOrder verification basics
  7. AtLeast and AtMost verification
  8. verifyNoInteractions() usage
  9. verifyNoMoreInteractions() usage
  10. Resetting mocks in tests
  11. Capturing arguments using @Captor
  12. ArgumentCaptor usage
  13. Using Mockito with AssertJ
  14. Using Mockito with Hamcrest
  15. Combining multiple extensions
  16. Difference between field injection and constructor injection
  17. Using @InjectMocks for nested dependencies
  18. Difference between spy() and partial mock
  19. Capturing arguments in spy
  20. Mocking interfaces
  21. Mocking abstract classes
  22. Mocking generic types
  23. Mocking collections
  24. Mocking void methods
  25. Mocking exceptions
  26. Mocking multiple method calls
  27. Using doReturn() vs when().thenReturn()
  28. Verifying asynchronous calls
  29. Using timeout() for async methods
  30. Difference between doAnswer() and thenAnswer()
  31. Custom answers with Answer interface
  32. Chained stubbing
  33. Sequential stubbing
  34. Default answer behavior
  35. Stubbing with lambda expressions
  36. BDDMockito given/when/then syntax
  37. Differences between BDDMockito and standard Mockito
  38. Parameterized tests with Mockito
  39. Mocking final classes with Mockito 2+
  40. Using Mockito with Spring Boot
  41. Using Mockito with TestNG
  42. Using Mockito with Testcontainers
  43. Handling null values in mocks
  44. Argument matchers with null
  45. Mixing matchers and raw values
  46. verifyZeroInteractions() vs verifyNoInteractions()
  47. Checking invocation count with times()
  48. Checking invocation count with atLeastOnce()
  49. Checking invocation count with atMostOnce()
  50. Resetting mocks between tests

Advanced

Mockito Advanced Features

  1. Deep stubs usage
  2. Mocking chained method calls
  3. Mocking private methods (PowerMockito)
  4. Mocking static methods (PowerMockito)
  5. Mocking final methods (Mockito 2+)
  6. Mocking constructors (PowerMockito)
  7. Capturing return values from spy
  8. Mocking collection behavior
  9. Handling exceptions in chained calls
  10. Mocking generic return types
  11. Mocking generic arguments
  12. Custom argument matchers
  13. Dynamic answers with Answer interface
  14. Verifying complex interactions
  15. Interaction-based testing
  16. Behavior-driven development with Mockito
  17. Combining mocks and spies
  18. Using @InjectMocks with nested objects
  19. Constructor injection for nested dependencies
  20. Partial mocks with spy()
  21. Resetting spies
  22. Mixing mocks and real objects
  23. Mocking system classes
  24. Mocking third-party libraries
  25. Mocking web service clients
  26. Mocking database interactions
  27. Mocking repository calls
  28. Using doAnswer() for callbacks
  29. Mocking async services
  30. Verifying asynchronous invocations
  31. Multi-threaded test verification
  32. Using timeout verification with async code
  33. Verifying order of multi-threaded calls
  34. Mocking void methods with exceptions
  35. Mockito best practices for large projects
  36. Using Mockito with dependency injection frameworks
  37. Integration testing with Mockito
  38. Mockito limitations
  39. Mocking enums
  40. Mocking inner classes
  41. Mocking nested static classes
  42. Mocking generic collections
  43. Handling varargs in mocks
  44. Mixing @Mock and programmatic mocks
  45. Resetting mocks selectively
  46. Combining multiple stubbing approaches
  47. Mockito in CI/CD pipelines
  48. Mockito test maintainability
  49. Performance considerations for large test suites
  50. Advanced debugging strategies in Mockito

Expert

Mockito Enterprise & Optimization

  1. Designing testable architecture with Mockito
  2. Scaling Mockito tests for large codebases
  3. Multi-module project mocking
  4. Mockito with microservices
  5. Mockito with Spring Boot integration tests
  6. Using Mockito i
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#GenAI

#GenAI
Level Topic Subtopics
Basic Generative AI What is Generative AI, History of Generative AI, Applications, Difference from Discriminative Models, Overview of Generative AI Models
AI & ML Fundamentals Basics of Machine Learning, Neural Networks, Supervised vs Unsupervised Learning, Reinforcement Learning, Probability & Statistics for Generative Models
Data Preparation Data Collection, Data Cleaning, Feature Engineering, Dataset Splits, Evaluation Metrics Basics
Tools & Frameworks Python, TensorFlow, PyTorch, Hugging Face Transformers, OpenAI APIs, Google Colab
Ethics & Safety Bias in Generative Models, Deepfakes, Misinformation, Responsible AI, Copyright Considerations
Intermediate Generative Models Variational Autoencoders (VAE), Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN), Conditional GANs, Diffusion Models, Flow-based Models
Text Generation Language Models, GPT Architecture, Tokenization, Text Preprocessing, Prompt Engineering
Image Generation Convolutional Networks, Image-to-Image Translation, Style Transfer, Image Augmentation, Pretrained Models
Model Training Loss Functions, Optimization, Gradient Descent, Regularization, Training Stability
Evaluation & Metrics Perplexity, FID Score, Inception Score, BLEU Score, Human Evaluation
Advanced Advanced Generative Architectures Transformers, Attention Mechanism, Diffusion Models, Large Language Models (LLMs), Multi-modal Models
Fine-Tuning & Adaptation Transfer Learning, Domain Adaptation, Parameter Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT), LoRA, Prompt Tuning
Multi-Modal Generative AI Text-to-Image, Text-to-Audio, Text-to-Video, Cross-Modal Retrieval, Embedding Spaces
Model Deployment & Scaling Serving Models, APIs, Latency Optimization, Distributed Training, Cloud Deployment
Security & Robustness Adversarial Attacks, Model Poisoning, Hallucinations, Bias Mitigation, Model Auditing
Expert State-of-the-Art Generative AI GPT-4/5, DALL-E, Stable Diffusion, MidJourney, Open-Source LLMs, Advanced Diffusion Techniques
Research & Innovation Self-Supervised Learning, Few-Shot & Zero-Shot Learning, Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback (RLHF), AI Alignment, Generative Model Evaluation Research
Explainability & Interpretability SHAP, LIME, Counterfactual Explanations, Understanding Latent Spaces, Debugging Generative Models
Ethics, Governance & Policy Regulation of Generative AI, Deepfake Detection, Intellectual Property, Privacy-Preserving AI, Responsible Deployment Strategies
Performance & Optimization Mixed Precision Training, Memory Optimization, Inference Acceleration, Efficient Architectures, Energy-Efficient AI

1. Generative AI Basics

  1. What is Generative AI and how does it differ from discriminative AI?
  2. Explain common applications of Generative AI.
  3. How did Generative AI evolve over the years?
  4. Difference between supervised, unsupervised, and generative learning.
  5. Explain the concept of latent space in Generative AI.
  6. What are some real-world use cases of Generative AI?
  7. Explain the difference between deterministic and probabilistic models.
  8. What is the role of probability and statistics in Generative AI?
  9. Explain tokenization in NLP generative models.
  10. Difference between text generation, image generation, and multi-modal generation.
  11. What are ethical concerns in Generative AI?
  12. How does copyright affect AI-generated content?
  13. Explain model hallucinations in Generative AI.
  14. How do you evaluate a generative model qualitatively?
  15. Difference between narrow AI and generative AI capabilities.
  16. What is overfitting in Generative AI models?
  17. Explain underfitting in generative models.
  18. How do generative models learn patterns from data?
  19. Difference between pretraining and fine-tuning in Generative AI.
  20. What is prompt engineering in text generation?
  21. How do generative AI tools handle user data?
  22. Explain the role of embeddings in generative models.
  23. What is the difference between shallow and deep generative models?
  24. How do you preprocess data for Generative AI models?
  25. Explain evaluation metrics like BLEU and FID.

2. Intermediate Generative Models

  1. Explain Variational Autoencoders (VAE).
  2. What is a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)?
  3. Difference between GAN and VAE.
  4. Explain Conditional GANs and their use cases.
  5. How do Diffusion Models work?
  6. What is Flow-based generative modeling?
  7. How do you implement tokenization for GPT-style models?
  8. Explain embedding representations in generative text models.
  9. Difference between RNN-based and Transformer-based generative models.
  10. How do you perform sequence generation?
  11. Explain beam search in text generation.
  12. What is temperature in text generation models?
  13. Explain the role of attention mechanism in generative models.
  14. How do you fine-tune a pre-trained generative model?
  15. Difference between supervised fine-tuning and reinforcement fine-tuning.
  16. What are prompt-based models?
  17. Explain training instability in GANs.
  18. How do you prevent mode collapse in GANs?
  19. How do you handle overfitting in VAEs?
  20. Difference between text-to-text and text-to-image generation.
  21. How do you evaluate generative models quantitatively?
  22. Explain Inception Score (IS) and Fréchet Inception Distance (FID).
  23. How do you handle multi-modal generative tasks?
  24. Explain the importance of data augmentation in generative training.
  25. What are the limitations of intermediate generative models?

3. Advanced Generative AI

  1. Explain transformer architecture for generative AI.
  2. How does self-attention work in transformers?
  3. What is GPT architecture and its key components?
  4. Difference between GPT and BERT.
  5. Explain large language models (LLMs).
  6. How do diffusion models generate high-quality images?
  7. Explain latent diffusion models.
  8. What is fine-tuning with LoRA (Low-Rank Adaptation)?
  9. How do you perform parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT)?
  10. Difference between few-shot, zero-shot, and one-shot learning.
  11. Explain reinforcement learning with human feedback (RLHF).
  12. How do generative models handle multi-turn conversations?
  13. Explain text-to-image models like DALL-E or Stable Diffusion.
  14. What are attention-based cross-modal models?
  15. Explain embedding spaces for multi-modal AI.
  16. How do you optimize generative AI for inference speed?
  17. Explain memory-efficient training techniques.
  18. What are common failure modes in advanced generative models?
  19. How do you handle hallucinations in generative outputs?
  20. Explain evaluation metrics for advanced generative AI.
  21. How do you monitor and log generative model performance?
  22. Explain model distillation for large generative models.
  23. How do you perform continuous learning in generative AI?
  24. Explain token mixing and positional encoding.
  25. How do you deploy generative models in production?

4. Expert-Level Generative AI

  1. Explain GAN variants (StyleGAN, CycleGAN, BigGAN).
  2. How do advanced diffusion models work?
  3. Explain text-to-video generative models.
  4. How do generative AI models scale to billions of parameters?
  5. Explain multimodal foundation models.
  6. How do you implement RLHF at scale?
  7. Explain alignment challenges in generative AI.
  8. What is AI interpretability for generative models?
  9. How do you use SHAP or LIME for generative models?
  10. Explain model auditing and debugging in production.
  11. How do you detect and mitigate bias in generative AI?
  12. Explain privacy-preserving generative AI.
  13. How do you handle copyright and licensing issues for generated content?
  14. Explain federated learning for generative AI.
  15. How do you evaluate generative AI in open-ended tasks?
  16. Explain multimodal embeddings and cross-modal retrieval.
  17. How do you combine diffusion and transformer architectures?
  18. Explain advanced tokenization strategies for large models.
  19. How do you optimize large-scale training costs?
  20. Explain energy-efficient architectures for generative AI.
  21. How do you implement AI alignment techniques?
  22. How do you monitor hallucinations in deployed LLMs?
  23. Explain safety measures for generative AI in production.
  24. How do you research state-of-the-art generative AI techniques?
  25. What are future trends in generative AI research and deployment?
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#LLM

#LLM
Level Topic Subtopics
Basic Introduction to LLMs What is an LLM, History of LLMs, Applications of LLMs, Types of LLMs, Difference from traditional ML models
NLP Fundamentals Tokenization, Embeddings, Language Modeling, Contextual Representations, Sequence-to-Sequence Tasks
AI & ML Basics Neural Networks, Transformers Overview, Supervised vs Unsupervised Learning, Gradient Descent, Loss Functions
Tools & Frameworks Python, PyTorch, TensorFlow, Hugging Face Transformers, OpenAI API, Google Colab
Ethics & Safety Bias in LLMs, Model Hallucinations, Responsible AI, Privacy Concerns, Misinformation Risk
Intermediate Transformer Architecture Attention Mechanism, Self-Attention, Multi-Head Attention, Positional Encoding, Encoder-Decoder Models
Tokenization & Vocabulary Subword Tokenization, Byte-Pair Encoding (BPE), SentencePiece, Vocabulary Size, Token Embeddings
Pretraining & Fine-Tuning Pretraining Objectives, Masked Language Modeling, Causal Language Modeling, Fine-Tuning Strategies, Transfer Learning
Prompt Engineering Prompt Design, Few-Shot Prompts, Zero-Shot Prompts, Chain-of-Thought Prompts, Context Window Management
Evaluation & Metrics Perplexity, BLEU, ROUGE, Accuracy, Human Evaluation, Model Benchmarking
Advanced Scaling LLMs Model Parallelism, Data Parallelism, Parameter Efficient Fine-Tuning, Mixed Precision Training, Large Dataset Management
Advanced Architectures GPT, BERT, T5, LLaMA, Falcon, Diffusion-Augmented LLMs, Multi-Modal Transformers
Multi-Modal LLMs Text-to-Image, Text-to-Audio, Text-to-Video, Cross-Modal Embeddings, Fusion Techniques
Optimization & Regularization Gradient Clipping, Learning Rate Schedulers, Dropout, Layer Normalization, Activation Functions
LLM Deployment & Serving Model Serving, APIs, Latency Optimization, Cloud Deployment, Monitoring & Logging
Expert Cutting-Edge LLM Techniques RLHF (Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback), Instruction Tuning, Self-Supervised Learning, Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), LLM Alignment
Safety & Governance Mitigating Bias, Detecting Hallucinations, Ethical Considerations, Responsible Deployment, Model Auditing
Research & Innovation Open-Source LLMs, Continual Learning, Few-Shot and Zero-Shot Learning, Large-Scale Pretraining, Emerging Architectures
Explainability & Interpretability SHAP, LIME, Counterfactual Explanations, Attention Visualization, Understanding Latent Representations
Performance & Efficiency Memory Optimization, Quantization, Pruning, Inference Acceleration, Energy-Efficient LLMs

1. LLM Basics

  1. What is a Large Language Model (LLM)?
  2. How do LLMs differ from traditional machine learning models?
  3. What are common applications of LLMs?
  4. Explain the evolution of LLMs over the years.
  5. Difference between supervised, unsupervised, and self-supervised learning.
  6. Explain tokenization and why it is important.
  7. What are embeddings and their role in LLMs?
  8. Difference between contextual and non-contextual embeddings.
  9. Explain the concept of a context window.
  10. What is language modeling?
  11. What is zero-shot learning?
  12. What is few-shot learning?
  13. Explain one-shot learning.
  14. How do LLMs handle long-term dependencies in text?
  15. What is model hallucination in LLMs?
  16. Explain overfitting and underfitting in LLMs.
  17. How is evaluation performed for LLMs?
  18. Explain perplexity as a metric.
  19. What are common LLM frameworks and tools?
  20. Explain fine-tuning vs pretraining.
  21. Difference between deterministic and probabilistic LLM outputs.
  22. Explain multi-turn conversation handling.
  23. What is prompt engineering?
  24. Difference between narrow AI and LLM capabilities.
  25. Explain ethical considerations in LLM usage.

2. Intermediate LLM Concepts

  1. Explain transformer architecture.
  2. What is self-attention and how does it work?
  3. Difference between encoder, decoder, and encoder-decoder architectures.
  4. Explain multi-head attention.
  5. What is positional encoding?
  6. Difference between GPT, BERT, and T5 models.
  7. Explain tokenization strategies: BPE, SentencePiece.
  8. How does vocabulary size affect LLM performance?
  9. Explain embedding representations in LLMs.
  10. What is instruction tuning?
  11. Difference between fine-tuning and parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT).
  12. Explain chain-of-thought prompting.
  13. Difference between few-shot, zero-shot, and one-shot prompting.
  14. How do LLMs handle out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words?
  15. Explain beam search in text generation.
  16. What is temperature in text generation?
  17. How do LLMs mitigate repetition in outputs?
  18. Explain sequence-to-sequence generation.
  19. Difference between dense and sparse attention.
  20. How do embeddings help in retrieval-augmented generation (RAG)?
  21. Explain model evaluation metrics for LLMs.
  22. How do you monitor LLM performance?
  23. Explain qualitative evaluation techniques.
  24. How do LLMs handle multi-modal inputs?
  25. Explain common challenges in intermediate LLM models.

3. Advanced LLM Topics

  1. How do you scale LLMs to billions of parameters?
  2. Explain model parallelism and data parallelism.
  3. What is mixed precision training?
  4. How do you optimize memory usage during training?
  5. How do you improve inference speed for large LLMs?
  6. Explain multi-modal LLMs (text-to-image, text-to-audio).
  7. What is reinforcement learning with human feedback (RLHF)?
  8. How do LLMs handle retrieval-augmented generation (RAG)?
  9. Explain large-scale pretraining techniques.
  10. How do you implement LoRA (Low-Rank Adaptation)?
  11. Difference between GPT-style and BERT-style LLMs.
  12. How do you prevent hallucinations in LLM outputs?
  13. Explain training instability issues in LLMs.
  14. How do you handle catastrophic forgetting?
  15. Explain instruction-tuned LLMs.
  16. How do LLMs manage ambiguous queries?
  17. Explain attention visualization techniques.
  18. How do you debug LLM outputs?
  19. Explain evaluation of multi-turn dialogues.
  20. How do LLMs handle low-resource languages?
  21. Explain scaling laws for LLMs.
  22. How do you combine retrieval and generation efficiently?
  23. Explain cross-lingual and multilingual LLMs.
  24. How do you monitor LLM performance in production?
  25. How do you defend against prompt injection attacks?

4. Expert-Level LLM Concepts

  1. Explain state-of-the-art LLM architectures (GPT-4/5, LLaMA, Falcon).
  2. How do you align LLM outputs with human intent?
  3. Explain safety measures for harmful outputs.
  4. How do you implement continual learning in LLMs?
  5. Explain scaling LLMs with trillions of parameters.
  6. How do LLMs handle context beyond the context window?
  7. Explain retrieval-augmented generation at industrial scale.
  8. How do you ensure privacy-preserving LLM deployment?
  9. Explain federated learning for LLMs.
  10. How do you detect and mitigate bias in LLMs?
  11. Explain interpretability techniques (SHAP, LIME).
  12. How do you monitor hallucinations in deployed LLMs?
  13. Explain AI governance and regulatory compliance for LLMs.
  14. How do you combine LLMs with knowledge graphs?
  15. Explain multi-modal foundation models.
  16. How do you perform model distillation for LLMs?
  17. How do you optimize energy and compute efficiency?
  18. Explain retrieval-augmented generation with embeddings.
  19. How do you benchmark LLMs across multiple tasks?
  20. How do you handle instruction-following vs creative generation trade-offs?
  21. Explain multi-agent LLM systems.
  22. How do you debug large-scale LLM training pipelines?
  23. How do you implement RLHF at industrial scale?
  24. Explain evaluation metrics for open-ended generation tasks.
  25. What are emerging trends in LLM research and deployment?
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#AI

#AI
Level Topic Subtopics
Basic Introduction to AI What is AI, History of AI, Applications of AI, Types of AI (Narrow, General, Super AI), AI vs Human Intelligence
AI Techniques & Concepts Problem Solving, Search Techniques, Heuristics, Knowledge Representation, Reasoning
Machine Learning Basics Supervised Learning, Unsupervised Learning, Reinforcement Learning, Regression, Classification
AI Tools & Libraries Python for AI, Numpy, Pandas, Scikit-learn, Matplotlib, TensorFlow Basics
AI Ethics & Society AI Ethics, Bias in AI, Responsible AI, AI in Society, Limitations of AI
Intermediate Machine Learning Algorithms Decision Trees, Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbors, Support Vector Machines, Naive Bayes
Neural Networks Perceptron, Feedforward Neural Network, Backpropagation, Activation Functions, Gradient Descent
Natural Language Processing Text Preprocessing, Tokenization, Lemmatization, Stopwords, Bag-of-Words, TF-IDF
Reinforcement Learning Markov Decision Processes, Q-Learning, Policy & Value Functions, Exploration vs Exploitation
AI Model Evaluation Confusion Matrix, Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1 Score, ROC-AUC
Advanced Deep Learning Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), LSTM, GRU, Autoencoders
Computer Vision Image Classification, Object Detection, Image Segmentation, OpenCV, Pretrained Models
Advanced NLP Word Embeddings, Word2Vec, GloVe, Transformer Models, BERT, GPT
Optimization Techniques Gradient Descent Variants, Regularization, Dropout, Hyperparameter Tuning, Early Stopping
AI Pipelines & Deployment Model Deployment, API Creation, Model Versioning, Monitoring, MLOps Basics
Expert Generative AI GANs, Variational Autoencoders, Diffusion Models, Text-to-Image Generation, DeepFakes
Advanced Reinforcement Learning Deep Q-Networks, Policy Gradient Methods, Actor-Critic Models, Multi-Agent RL
Explainable AI (XAI) SHAP, LIME, Interpretability Techniques, Model Transparency, Trust in AI
AI Research & Trends Large Language Models, Self-Supervised Learning, Few-Shot Learning, AI Alignment, Quantum AI
AI Ethics & Governance AI Regulation, AI Accountability, Fairness Metrics, Privacy-Preserving AI, AI Risk Management

1. Introduction to AI

  1. What is Artificial Intelligence?
  2. Differentiate between ANI, AGI, and ASI.
  3. List real-world applications of AI.
  4. What are the main goals of AI?
  5. How does AI differ from traditional programming?
  6. What is the Turing Test?
  7. Define intelligent agents in AI.
  8. Explain rationality in AI systems.
  9. What is the role of search algorithms in AI?
  10. Define heuristic in AI context.
  11. Difference between strong AI and weak AI.
  12. What is knowledge representation?
  13. Explain ontology in AI.
  14. Difference between deterministic and stochastic environments.
  15. Explain adversarial search with examples.
  16. What is game theory in AI?
  17. Explain production systems.
  18. Define utility-based agents.
  19. What is the frame problem in AI?
  20. Explain the concept of AI winter.
  21. What is fuzzy logic in AI?
  22. Define expert systems with examples.
  23. What is the difference between AI and Machine Learning?
  24. Explain natural intelligence vs artificial intelligence.
  25. What are the challenges in AI adoption?

2. Machine Learning

  1. Define machine learning.
  2. Types of machine learning: supervised, unsupervised, reinforcement.
  3. Difference between classification and regression.
  4. What is overfitting?
  5. Explain underfitting.
  6. What is bias-variance tradeoff?
  7. Define cross-validation.
  8. Difference between training and testing dataset.
  9. Explain confusion matrix.
  10. What is precision and recall?
  11. Define ROC curve and AUC.
  12. Explain clustering with examples.
  13. What is dimensionality reduction?
  14. PCA vs LDA -- difference.
  15. Define feature engineering.
  16. Explain ensemble learning.
  17. Bagging vs Boosting -- difference.
  18. Explain Random Forest algorithm.
  19. Explain Support Vector Machines (SVM).
  20. Define k-nearest neighbors (KNN).
  21. Difference between parametric and non-parametric models.
  22. What is gradient descent?
  23. Difference between batch and stochastic gradient descent.
  24. What is a cost function?
  25. Explain reinforcement learning in detail.

3. Deep Learning

  1. Define deep learning.
  2. Difference between AI, ML, and DL.
  3. Explain artificial neural networks.
  4. What is backpropagation?
  5. Role of activation functions in neural networks.
  6. Explain sigmoid, ReLU, and tanh functions.
  7. What is dropout in neural networks?
  8. Define vanishing and exploding gradient problems.
  9. What is gradient clipping?
  10. Difference between CNN and RNN.
  11. Explain convolution operation in CNNs.
  12. What are pooling layers?
  13. Explain LSTM architecture.
  14. GRU vs LSTM difference.
  15. Define attention mechanism.
  16. What is transfer learning?
  17. Explain fine-tuning in deep learning.
  18. What is batch normalization?
  19. Define optimizer -- SGD, Adam, RMSProp.
  20. Explain cost functions in neural networks.
  21. What is autoencoder?
  22. Define generative adversarial networks (GANs).
  23. Explain diffusion models.
  24. What is reinforcement learning with deep networks (Deep Q-Network)?
  25. Challenges in deep learning implementation.

4. Natural Language Processing (NLP)

  1. What is NLP?
  2. Explain tokenization.
  3. Difference between stemming and lemmatization.
  4. Define POS tagging.
  5. Explain n-grams in NLP.
  6. What is bag-of-words model?
  7. TF-IDF -- explain its use.
  8. Define word embeddings.
  9. Difference between Word2Vec and GloVe.
  10. Explain sequence-to-sequence models.
  11. What is machine translation in NLP?
  12. Define sentiment analysis.
  13. What are named entity recognitions (NER)?
  14. Explain text summarization techniques.
  15. What is speech recognition?
  16. Explain conversational AI and chatbots.
  17. Define transformer architecture.
  18. What is BERT?
  19. What is GPT and how does it work?
  20. Explain RNN in NLP context.
  21. Difference between CNN and RNN in NLP tasks.
  22. What is semantic search?
  23. Explain retrieval-augmented generation (RAG).
  24. What is prompt engineering?
  25. Challenges in NLP.

5. AI Ethics & Safety

  1. What is AI bias?
  2. Define fairness in AI.
  3. Explain transparency in AI models.
  4. What is explainable AI?
  5. What is SHAP and LIME in interpretability?
  6. Define ethical AI principles.
  7. What is responsible AI?
  8. Explain GDPR's impact on AI.
  9. What are risks of AI misuse?
  10. Define AI governance.
  11. Explain accountability in AI systems.
  12. What is adversarial attack in AI?
  13. Difference between black-box and white-box attacks.
  14. Define robustness in AI systems.
  15. What are AI hallucinations in LLMs?
  16. Define data privacy in AI.
  17. Explain ethical concerns of autonomous vehicles.
  18. What is algorithmic discrimination?
  19. What is AI safety research?
  20. Explain human-in-the-loop in AI systems.
  21. What is trustworthy AI?
  22. Role of audits in AI ethics.
  23. Challenges in AI regulation.
  24. What is AI alignment problem?
  25. Future scope of responsible AI.
   Machine Learning       LLM       GenAI       Deep Learning       NLP   
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#RestAssured

#Rest_assured
Level Topic Subtopics
Basic Introduction What is REST Assured, Features, Setup in Maven/Gradle, Supported Protocols, TestNG/JUnit Integration
HTTP Basics HTTP Methods (GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, PATCH), Status Codes, Headers, Query Parameters, Path Parameters
First Test Simple GET Request, Base URI, Base Path, Logging Responses, Response Validation
JSON Handling Parsing JSON, JSONPath, Validating JSON Fields, Comparing JSON Responses, Handling Arrays
XML Handling Parsing XML, XPath, Validating XML Responses, XML Namespaces, Schema Validation
Intermediate Request Specification RequestSpecification Object, Reusable Specifications, Common Headers, Query & Path Params, Logging
Response Specification ResponseSpecification, Chained Validations, Extracting Response Data, Reusable Specs
Authentication Basic Auth, Digest Auth, Bearer Token, API Keys, OAuth2
Data Driven Testing Parameterization, Reading from CSV, Reading from JSON, Reading from Excel, Using Property Files
Assertions Hamcrest Matchers, Validating Status, Validating Body, Validating Headers, Soft Assertions
Advanced Serialization/Deserialization POJOs, Jackson/Gson, @JsonProperty, Nested Objects, Custom Serializers
Schema Validation JSON Schema, XML Schema, Schema Validator, Error Handling, Schema Versioning
Advanced Auth OAuth1, OAuth2 Flows, JWT Tokens, Token Refresh, Preemptive Authentication
Filters Request Filters, Response Filters, Logging Filters, Custom Filters, Multi-layer Filters
File Upload/Download Upload Files, Multi-part Requests, Download Files, Binary Data, Validation of File Content
Expert Framework Integration TestNG with RestAssured, JUnit5 Integration, Cucumber BDD with RestAssured, Reporting Tools, CI/CD Integration
Advanced Validations Complex JSONPath, Nested Arrays, Dynamic Fields, Conditional Validation, JSONPath with Groovy
Performance Testing Response Time Assertions, Stress Testing with RestAssured, Integrating with JMeter, Load Test Basics, Profiling
API Security Testing SQL Injection Tests, XSS Checks, Token Expiry, Rate Limiting, HTTPS/SSL Handling
Best Practices & Design Reusable Utilities, Base Test Class, Config Management, Test Data Strategy, Page Object Model for APIs

1. Basics of REST Assured

  1. What is REST Assured?
  2. What are the key features of REST Assured?
  3. How do you add REST Assured dependency in Maven/Gradle?
  4. What protocols are supported by REST Assured?
  5. How do you configure BaseURI and BasePath in REST Assured?
  6. Write a simple REST Assured GET request example.
  7. How do you log requests and responses in REST Assured?
  8. What are common annotations used with REST Assured and TestNG?
  9. How do you validate the status code in REST Assured?
  10. What is the difference between given(), when(), then()?
  11. How do you test an HTTPS API using REST Assured?
  12. What are common HTTP methods supported in REST Assured?
  13. How do you pass query parameters in REST Assured?
  14. How do you pass path parameters in REST Assured?
  15. How do you validate response headers in REST Assured?
  16. What are the different logging options available?
  17. How do you disable SSL validation in REST Assured?
  18. How do you set custom request headers?
  19. What is the role of RestAssured.defaultParser?
  20. What are common challenges in setting up REST Assured?
  21. What are the advantages of using REST Assured over Postman?
  22. Can REST Assured test SOAP services?
  23. What is a Response object in REST Assured?
  24. How do you validate cookies in REST Assured?
  25. How do you pretty print the response body?

2. HTTP Methods

  1. How do you perform a GET request in REST Assured?
  2. How do you perform a POST request with JSON body?
  3. How do you send form data in REST Assured?
  4. How do you perform a PUT request in REST Assured?
  5. How do you perform a DELETE request in REST Assured?
  6. What is the difference between PUT and PATCH?
  7. How do you handle PATCH requests in REST Assured?
  8. How do you add query parameters to a GET request?
  9. How do you pass multiple headers in REST Assured?
  10. What are path parameters and how do you use them?
  11. How do you upload a file using REST Assured?
  12. How do you download a file using REST Assured?
  13. How do you send XML body in POST requests?
  14. How do you send JSON body using POJO classes?
  15. What is multi-part request in REST Assured?
  16. How do you validate response time for an API?
  17. How do you test API response codes?
  18. How do you test different content types (JSON, XML)?
  19. How do you test redirects using REST Assured?
  20. How do you send raw string as request body?
  21. How do you test APIs that require form authentication?
  22. How do you reuse common request configurations?
  23. How do you chain multiple requests in REST Assured?
  24. What is ResponseSpecification in REST Assured?
  25. What is RequestSpecification in REST Assured?

3. JSON Handling

  1. How do you parse JSON response in REST Assured?
  2. What is JsonPath in REST Assured?
  3. How do you extract a single field from JSON response?
  4. How do you extract a list of values from JSON response?
  5. How do you validate nested JSON objects?
  6. How do you validate JSON arrays in REST Assured?
  7. How do you compare two JSON responses?
  8. What are common JsonPath functions used?
  9. How do you handle optional fields in JSON validation?
  10. How do you extract response as a String?
  11. How do you validate JSON response length?
  12. How do you deserialize JSON to a POJO in REST Assured?
  13. What is the difference between Gson and Jackson in REST Assured?
  14. How do you validate partial JSON response?
  15. How do you validate numeric values in JSON?
  16. How do you handle dynamic keys in JSON response?
  17. How do you validate JSON schema in REST Assured?
  18. How do you pretty print JSON response?
  19. How do you assert null values in JSON response?
  20. How do you handle JSON arrays with mixed objects?
  21. How do you use JsonPath with filters?
  22. What are common errors in JSON parsing?
  23. How do you map nested JSON into POJOs?
  24. How do you handle missing fields in JSON response?
  25. How do you ignore extra fields while parsing JSON?

4. XML Handling

  1. How do you send XML as request body in REST Assured?
  2. How do you parse XML response in REST Assured?
  3. What is XmlPath in REST Assured?
  4. How do you extract elements from XML response?
  5. How do you validate XML attributes?
  6. How do you validate nested XML elements?
  7. What is the difference between JsonPath and XmlPath?
  8. How do you validate XML schema in REST Assured?
  9. How do you pretty print XML response?
  10. How do you handle namespaces in XML response?
  11. How do you compare two XML responses?
  12. How do you handle XML arrays?
  13. What is XPath and how is it used in REST Assured?
  14. How do you extract text values from XML elements?
  15. How do you validate optional XML elements?
  16. How do you handle large XML responses?
  17. How do you validate order of XML nodes?
  18. How do you ignore white spaces in XML validation?
  19. How do you validate numeric values in XML?
  20. How do you handle special characters in XML?
  21. What are common XML parsing exceptions?
  22. How do you convert XML response to POJO?
  23. How do you test SOAP APIs with REST Assured?
  24. How do you validate mixed content XML nodes?
  25. How do you handle CDATA in XML?

5. Authentication & Authorization

  1. How do you pass basic authentication in REST Assured?
  2. How do you pass preemptive basic authentication?
  3. How do you handle digest authentication?
  4. How do you handle form authentication in REST Assured?
  5. How do you pass OAuth2 tokens in REST Assured?
  6. How do you get OAuth2 token programmatically?
  7. How do you refresh an OAuth2 token?
  8. What is the difference between OAuth1 and OAuth2?
  9. How do you send Bearer tokens in REST Assured?
  10. How do you handle API keys in REST Assured?
  11. How do you handle certificate-based authentication?
  12. How do you bypass SSL validation?
  13. How do you validate secured endpoints?
  14. How do you test expired tokens in REST Assured?
  15. How do you test invalid credentials?
  16. How do you test access denied scenarios?
  17. How do you test token revocation?
  18. How do you automate token fetching for APIs?
  19. How do you pass custom authentication headers?
  20. How do you simulate session-based authentication?
  21. How do you test JWT-based APIs?
  22. How do you validate token expiry in API tests?
  23. How do you implement re-authentication in REST Assured tests?
  24. What are best practices for storing credentials in automation?
  25. How do you test multi-factor authentication APIs?

6. Assertions & Validations

  1. What are assertions in REST Assured?
  2. How do you validate HTTP status codes?
  3. How do you validate response headers?
  4. How do you validate response body?
  5. How do you use Hamcrest matchers in REST Assured?
  6. How do you check if response contains a string?
  7. How do you validate numeric values in response?
  8. How do you validate collection size in response?
  9. How do you check if a value exists in JSON array?
  10. How do you validate boolean fields in response?
  11. How do you perform soft assertions in REST Assured?
  12. How do you validate schema of response?
  13. How do you check if header exists in response?
  14. How do you validate multiple values in response body?
  15. How do you validate response time?
  16. How do you chain multiple assertions together?
  17. How do you perform conditional assertions?
  18. What are custom assertions in REST Assured?
  19. How do you assert null values in response?
  20. How do you validate against regex patterns?
  21. How do you validate dynamic fields in response?
  22. How do you assert order of elements in response?
  23. How do you use extract().path() for validation?
  24. How do you assert exact matches in response?
  25. How do you perform negative assertions?

7. Serialization & Deserialization

  1. What is serialization in REST Assured?
  2. What is deserialization in REST Assured?
  3. How do you serialize a POJO to JSON?
  4. How do you deserialize JSON to POJO?
  5. How do you use Gson in REST Assured?
  6. How do you use Jackson in REST Assured?
  7. What is the difference between Gson and Jackson?
  8. How do you handle nested objects in serialization?
  9. How do you handle lists in serialization?
  10. How do you handle maps in serialization?
  11. How do you use @JsonProperty in serialization?
  12. How do you ignore unknown fields in deserialization?
  13. How do you handle optional fields in POJO?
  14. How do you validate POJO mapping with JSON response?
  15. How do you serialize POJO to XML?
  16. How do you deserialize XML to POJO?
  17. How do you handle custom serializers?
  18. How do you handle custom deserializers?
  19. How do you validate object mapping in tests?
  20. How do you handle date/time serialization?
  21. How do you handle enums in serialization?
  22. How do you handle polymorphic types in serialization?
  23. What are common errors in serialization/deserialization?
  24. How do you debug serialization issues?
  25. How do you validate JSON schema against POJO?

8. Framework Integration

  1. How do you integrate REST Assured with TestNG?
  2. How do you integrate REST Assured with JUnit?
  3. How do you integrate REST Assured with Cucumber BDD?
  4. How do you implement Data Driven Testing with REST Assured?
  5. How do you use Excel as data source in REST Assured?
  6. How do you generate reports in REST Assured framework?
  7. What is Extent Reports and how do you use it?
  8. How do you use Allure Reports with REST Assured?
  9. How do you use log4j with REST Assured?
  10. How do you integrate REST Assured with Maven?
  11. How do you integrate REST Assured with Gradle?
  12. How do you integrate REST Assured with Jenkins?
  13. How do you run REST Assured tests in CI/CD pipeline?
  14. How do you run parallel tests with REST Assured?
  15. How do you implement tagging in REST Assured tests?
  16. How do you manage configuration in framework?
  17. How do you externalize test data in REST Assured framework?
  18. How do you reuse request specifications across tests?
  19. How do you create a base test class?
  20. How do you implement retry logic in framework?
  21. How do you handle environment-specific configurations?
  22. How do you implement parameterization in Cucumber with REST Assured?
  23. How do you integrate REST Assured with Docker?
  24. How do you run REST Assured tests in cloud CI tools?
  25. How do you organize large-scale REST Assured frameworks?

9. Advanced Features

  1. What are Filters in REST Assured?
  2. How do you implement a logging filter?
  3. How do you create custom filters?
  4. What is the use of ResponseFilter?
  5. What is the use of RequestFilter?
  6. How do you chain multiple filters?
  7. How do you capture request and response logs?
  8. How do you implement request/response modification with filters?
  9. How do you debug API traffic using filters?
  10. How do you use RequestSpecification with filters?
  11. How do you measure response time with filters?
  12. How do you integrate filters with reporting?
  13. What are common use cases of filters?
  14. How do you capture authentication tokens with filters?
  15. How do you modify headers using filters?
  16. How do you capture request body using filters?
  17. How do you capture response body using filters?
  18. How do you implement reusable filter libraries?
  19. How do you handle performance monitoring with filters?
  20. How do you extend REST Assured using filters?
  21. What are common pitfalls in using filters?
  22. How do you secure sensitive logs in filters?
  23. How do you debug failed requests with filters?
  24. How do you track API metrics with filters?
  25. How do you integrate filters in custom frameworks?

10. Best Practices & API Testing Strategy

  1. What are best practices for API testing with REST Assured?
  2. How do you design maintainable REST Assured tests?
  3. How do you structure a REST Assured project?
  4. How do you manage configuration in large test suites?
  5. How do you externalize test data in API testing?
  6. How do you handle test environment differences?
  7. How do you manage authentication tokens in frameworks?
  8. How do you secure sensitive data in test scripts?
  9. How do you ensure idempotency in API tests?
  10. How do you test negative scenarios in REST Assured?
  11. How do you implement data-driven testing strategy?
  12. How do you test APIs with dependencies?
  13. How do you manage test data setup/teardown?
  14. How do you ensure scalability of REST Assured tests?
  15. How do you balance API and UI testing in projects?
  16. What are common challenges in REST Assured automation?
  17. How do you measure API coverage in testing?
  18. How do you handle flaky API tests?
  19. How do you integrate contract testing with REST Assured?
  20. How do you implement CI/CD for API automation?
  21. How do you monitor API performance using tests?
  22. What are security considerations in API testing?
  23. How do you test rate limiting in APIs?
  24. How do you test resilience and retries in APIs?
  25. What is the future of API test automation with REST Assured?
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#Javascript

#Javascript
Level Topic Subtopics
Basic Introduction History of JavaScript, ECMAScript, JavaScript Engines, Running JavaScript, Use Cases
Variables & Data Types var, let, const, Primitive Types, Reference Types, Type Coercion
Operators Arithmetic, Comparison, Logical, Assignment, Ternary
Control Flow if/else, switch, for, while, do-while, break & continue
Functions Function Declaration, Function Expression, Arrow Functions, Default Parameters, Rest/Spread
Intermediate Objects & Arrays Object Creation, Array Methods (map, filter, reduce), Destructuring, Spread/Rest, Object.assign
Scope & Hoisting Global Scope, Function Scope, Block Scope, Variable Hoisting, Function Hoisting
Closures Definition, Lexical Scope, Practical Use Cases, Module Pattern, Private Variables
DOM Manipulation Selecting Elements, Creating Elements, Event Handling, Class Manipulation, DOM Traversal
Asynchronous JS Callbacks, Promises, async/await, Event Loop, Microtasks vs Macrotasks
Advanced Prototypes & Inheritance Prototype Chain, proto, Object.create, Class Syntax, Inheritance Patterns
Advanced Functions Higher-Order Functions, Currying, Memoization, Partial Application, Function Composition
Error Handling try/catch/finally, Error Object, Custom Errors, Error Propagation, Debugging
Modules ES6 Modules (import/export), CommonJS, AMD, UMD, Dynamic Imports
Event Handling Model Event Bubbling, Event Capturing, Delegation, Passive Listeners, Custom Events
Expert Performance & Optimization Memory Management, Garbage Collection, Event Loop Optimization, Debouncing & Throttling, Lazy Loading
Design Patterns Singleton, Factory, Observer, Module, Revealing Module
Security in JS XSS Prevention, CSP, Sanitization, CORS, Secure Coding Practices
Advanced Async Patterns Generators, Iterators, Observables, Web Workers, Service Workers
JavaScript in Modern Apps ESNext Features, TypeScript with JS, WebAssembly, Micro-Frontends, Edge Computing

1. Basics & Fundamentals

  1. What is JavaScript and how is it different from Java?
  2. Explain the difference between ES5 and ES6.
  3. What are variables in JavaScript?
  4. Differentiate between var, let, and const.
  5. What are primitive data types in JavaScript?
  6. What are reference types in JavaScript?
  7. Explain type coercion in JavaScript.
  8. What is the difference between == and ===?
  9. What are template literals in ES6?
  10. What is the typeof operator?
  11. How do you check if a variable is an array?
  12. What is NaN in JavaScript?
  13. What is the difference between null and undefined?
  14. How do you convert a string to a number in JavaScript?
  15. What are truthy and falsy values?
  16. What is the difference between implicit and explicit type conversion?
  17. What is hoisting in JavaScript?
  18. How does variable shadowing work?
  19. What is the difference between block scope and function scope?
  20. Explain the concept of scope chain.
  21. What is the difference between shallow copy and deep copy?
  22. How do you clone an object in JavaScript?
  23. What is the difference between pass by value and pass by reference?
  24. What are reserved keywords in JavaScript?
  25. What is the difference between synchronous and asynchronous execution?

2. Functions

  1. What is a function in JavaScript?
  2. Differentiate between function declaration and function expression.
  3. What are arrow functions and how are they different?
  4. What are higher-order functions?
  5. What is a callback function?
  6. Explain function currying with an example.
  7. What are default parameters in functions?
  8. What is the rest parameter in ES6?
  9. What is the spread operator in functions?
  10. Explain recursion in JavaScript.
  11. What is the difference between pure and impure functions?
  12. How do you memoize a function?
  13. What is the difference between call, apply, and bind?
  14. How do you implement function overloading in JavaScript?
  15. Explain the concept of closures.
  16. What are immediately invoked function expressions (IIFE)?
  17. What is function hoisting?
  18. Explain anonymous functions in JavaScript.
  19. What are generator functions?
  20. Explain async functions in JavaScript.
  21. What is tail call optimization?
  22. How do you debounce a function?
  23. How do you throttle a function?
  24. What is the difference between named and anonymous functions?
  25. How does the this keyword behave in functions?

3. Objects & Arrays

  1. What are objects in JavaScript?
  2. How do you create an object in JavaScript?
  3. What is object destructuring?
  4. What are object methods in ES6?
  5. Explain the difference between Object.seal and Object.freeze.
  6. What are object prototypes?
  7. How do you check if an object has a property?
  8. How do you loop through object properties?
  9. What are computed property names?
  10. What is Object.assign used for?
  11. Explain the difference between Map and Object.
  12. What is a WeakMap?
  13. What is a WeakSet?
  14. What is the difference between Set and Array?
  15. What are array methods like map, filter, reduce?
  16. Explain the difference between forEach and map.
  17. How do you flatten a nested array in JavaScript?
  18. What is array destructuring?
  19. How do you remove duplicates from an array?
  20. How do you merge two arrays in JavaScript?
  21. What is the difference between slice and splice?
  22. How do you find the maximum value in an array?
  23. What is the difference between find and filter?
  24. What are array-like objects?
  25. What is the difference between mutable and immutable objects?

4. DOM Manipulation

  1. What is the DOM?
  2. How do you select an element by ID in JavaScript?
  3. How do you select elements by class name?
  4. What is the difference between querySelector and querySelectorAll?
  5. How do you create an element in JavaScript?
  6. How do you append a child element?
  7. How do you remove a DOM element?
  8. What is innerHTML vs textContent?
  9. How do you change the style of an element dynamically?
  10. What are DOM events?
  11. What is the difference between inline, inline-block, and block elements?
  12. What is event bubbling in JavaScript?
  13. What is event capturing in JavaScript?
  14. How do you use event delegation?
  15. What is the difference between addEventListener and onclick?
  16. How do you trigger a click event programmatically?
  17. How do you prevent the default behavior of an event?
  18. What is stopPropagation in JavaScript?
  19. How do you handle form validation with JavaScript?
  20. How do you dynamically create and add CSS classes?
  21. How do you toggle a class on an element?
  22. How do you implement drag-and-drop in JavaScript?
  23. How do you detect when the DOM is fully loaded?
  24. What is the difference between DOMContentLoaded and load events?
  25. How do you manipulate attributes of a DOM element?

5. Asynchronous JavaScript

  1. What is asynchronous programming in JavaScript?
  2. What is a callback function?
  3. What is the difference between synchronous and asynchronous code?
  4. What is the event loop in JavaScript?
  5. What are microtasks and macrotasks?
  6. Explain the difference between setTimeout and setInterval.
  7. What is Promise in JavaScript?
  8. What are the states of a Promise?
  9. What is the difference between resolve and reject?
  10. How do you chain promises?
  11. What is Promise.all?
  12. What is Promise.race?
  13. What is Promise.any?
  14. What is Promise.allSettled?
  15. What are async/await keywords?
  16. How do you handle errors in async/await?
  17. What is the difference between async and defer in script tags?
  18. What is callback hell?
  19. How do you avoid callback hell?
  20. What are generators in JavaScript?
  21. What are Observables?
  22. What are Web Workers?
  23. What is the Fetch API?
  24. How does Axios differ from Fetch?
  25. What is JSON and how is it used in async calls?

6. Scope, Execution & Closures

  1. What is lexical scope in JavaScript?
  2. What is the scope chain?
  3. What is the difference between global and local scope?
  4. What is block scope?
  5. What is function scope?
  6. Explain execution context in JavaScript.
  7. What are phases of execution context?
  8. What is variable environment?
  9. Explain closure with an example.
  10. What are use cases of closures?
  11. What is the difference between closure and scope?
  12. How do closures help in data hiding?
  13. What is the difference between module pattern and closures?
  14. What are memory leaks in closures?
  15. What is temporal dead zone (TDZ)?
  16. What is strict mode in JavaScript?
  17. What happens if you forget var/let/const in strict mode?
  18. What is the difference between this inside arrow function and normal function?
  19. How does this keyword behave in different scopes?
  20. What is globalThis?
  21. What is eval in JavaScript?
  22. Why is eval discouraged?
  23. How do closures help in implementing currying?
  24. How do you implement a private counter with closures?
  25. What is the difference between closure and garbage collection?

7. Prototypes & OOP

  1. What is prototype in JavaScript?
  2. What is the prototype chain?
  3. What is proto in JavaScript?
  4. How do you implement inheritance using prototypes?
  5. What is the difference between prototype and class in ES6?
  6. How do you define a class in ES6?
  7. What are class fields in ES6?
  8. What are static methods in classes?
  9. What is the difference between constructor and class methods?
  10. How do you extend a class in ES6?
  11. What is super() keyword?
  12. What is encapsulation in JavaScript?
  13. What is polymorphism in JavaScript?
  14. What is abstraction in JavaScript?
  15. What is the difference between composition and inheritance?
  16. What are mixins in JavaScript?
  17. What is method chaining in JavaScript?
  18. What is the difference between ES6 classes and function constructors?
  19. How do you create a singleton object in JavaScript?
  20. What are private fields in ES2022?
  21. What are getters and setters in classes?
  22. How do you override methods in JavaScript?
  23. What is multiple inheritance in JavaScript?
  24. What is the difference between instanceof and typeof?
  25. How do you check if an object is created from a specific class?

8. Error Handling & Debugging

  1. What is error handling in JavaScript?
  2. What is the difference between syntax error and runtime error?
  3. What is try-catch-finally in JavaScript?
  4. How do you throw custom errors?
  5. What are error objects in JavaScript?
  6. What is stack trace in errors?
  7. How do you handle asynchronous errors?
  8. What is the difference between onerror and addEventListener('error')?
  9. What is the difference between console.log, console.error, and console.warn?
  10. How do you use console.table?
  11. What is the difference between debugger statement and console.log?
  12. How do you use breakpoints in browser DevTools?
  13. How do you debug promises?
  14. How do you debug async/await functions?
  15. How do you monitor network requests in JavaScript?
  16. What are uncaught exceptions?
  17. What are unhandled promise rejections?
  18. How do you handle global errors?
  19. How do you implement error boundaries in frontend apps?
  20. What is try...finally without catch?
  21. How do you create custom error classes?
  22. How do you differentiate between operational and programmer errors?
  23. What is strict mode?s effect on errors?
  24. How do you log errors in production?
  25. What are common debugging tools for JavaScript?

9. Advanced Topics

  1. What are JavaScript modules?
  2. What is the difference between CommonJS and ES6 modules?
  3. What is dynamic import in JavaScript?
  4. What is tree-shaking in JavaScript bundlers?
  5. What is memoization in JavaScript?
  6. How do you implement caching in JavaScript?
  7. What is an EventEmitter?
  8. What is reactive programming in JavaScript?
  9. What are promises vs observables?
  10. What is the difference between synchronous iteration and asynchronous iteration?
  11. What are WebSockets?
  12. How do you implement pub-sub in JavaScript?
  13. What is service worker in JavaScript?
  14. What is push notification API?
  15. What are streams in JavaScript?
  16. How do you use fetch with streams?
  17. What is WebRTC?
  18. What are shared workers?
  19. How does JavaScript handle concurrency?
  20. What are atomics in JavaScript?
  21. What is the difference between BigInt and Number?
  22. What is Intl API in JavaScript?
  23. How do you internationalize a JavaScript app?
  24. What is Proxy in JavaScript?
  25. What is Reflect API?

10. Performance & Best Practices

  1. How do you improve JavaScript performance?
  2. What is debouncing and how do you implement it?
  3. What is throttling and how do you implement it?
  4. How do you optimize loops in JavaScript?
  5. What is lazy loading in JavaScript?
  6. How do you use requestAnimationFrame?
  7. What is the difference between localStorage, sessionStorage, and cookies?
  8. How do you use IndexedDB in JavaScript?
  9. How do you handle memory leaks in JavaScript?
  10. What is garbage collection in JavaScript?
  11. How do you profile JavaScript performance?
  12. What is the difference between minification and compression?
  13. How do you use Web Workers for performance?
  14. How do you handle long-running tasks in JavaScript?
  15. What is event delegation?s role in performance?
  16. What are best practices for writing maintainable JavaScript code?
  17. How do you structure large-scale JavaScript applications?
  18. What is code splitting in modern bundlers?
  19. How do you optimize bundle size in JavaScript apps?
  20. What is tree-shaking in bundlers like Webpack?
  21. How do you optimize React/Angular apps using JavaScript?
  22. How do you secure JavaScript code in frontend apps?
  23. What is CSP and how does it help security?
  24. How do you handle performance bottlenecks in SPAs?
  25. What are common pitfalls to avoid in JavaScript?
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03 September 2025

#DSA

#DSA
Level Topic Subtopics
Basic Arrays Static arrays, Dynamic arrays, Traversal, Searching
Strings String manipulation, Substrings, Palindromes
Linked List Singly, Doubly, Circular, Operations (insert, delete, traverse)
Stacks LIFO, Implementation using array/linked list, Applications
Queues FIFO, Circular Queue, Priority Queue basics
Recursion Base case, Recursive calls, Tail recursion, Factorial, Fibonacci
Hashing Basics Hash functions, HashMap, Collision handling
Sorting Basics Bubble, Selection, Insertion, Time complexity
Searching Basics Linear search, Binary search, Sorted/unsorted arrays
Complexity Analysis Time complexity, Space complexity, Big-O, Big-Theta
Intermediate Advanced Sorting Merge Sort, Quick Sort, Heap Sort, Counting Sort
Binary Search Tree (BST) Insert, Delete, Traversal (Inorder, Preorder, Postorder)
Graphs Basics Adjacency list/matrix, DFS, BFS, Representation
Heaps Min-Heap, Max-Heap, Heapify, Priority Queue
Hashing Advanced Open addressing, Separate chaining, HashSet/HashMap
Linked List Advanced Reversal, Detect cycle, Merge two lists
Stacks & Queues Advanced Min stack, Stack using queues, Queue using stacks
Recursion Advanced Backtracking, N-Queens, Maze problem, Subset generation
Sliding Window Technique Maximum/minimum window, Sum problems, String matching
Two Pointers Technique Array problems, Linked list problems, Sorting-based problems
Advanced Graph Algorithms Dijkstra, Bellman-Ford, Floyd-Warshall, Topological Sort
Dynamic Programming (DP) Memoization, Tabulation, Fibonacci, Knapsack, LCS
Advanced Trees AVL Tree, Red-Black Tree, Segment Tree, Fenwick Tree
Trie Insert, Search, Prefix search, Autocomplete
Disjoint Set (Union-Find) Path compression, Union by rank, Applications
Greedy Algorithms Activity selection, Fractional knapsack, Huffman coding
Backtracking Advanced Sudoku solver, N-Queens, Word search
Graph Traversals Advanced Weighted, Directed, Undirected, Cycle detection
Bit Manipulation XOR tricks, Masks, Counting set bits, Power of 2 checks
Matrix Algorithms Matrix rotation, Path problems, Submatrix sum, DP on grids
Expert Advanced DP DP on strings, DP on trees, DP with bitmasking
Advanced Graphs Minimum spanning tree, Network flow, Shortest paths variants
Segment Trees Advanced Range sum, Range minimum/maximum, Lazy propagation
Fenwick Trees Binary Indexed Tree, Prefix sum, Range updates
Advanced Heaps Indexed heap, Pairing heap, Applications in Dijkstra
Advanced Tries Suffix trie, Compressed trie, Applications in string search
Computational Geometry Convex hull, Line intersection, Closest pair
Advanced Searching Ternary search, Exponential search, KMP algorithm
Algorithm Design Patterns Divide & Conquer, Greedy, Dynamic Programming, Backtracking
Research & Optimization Time-space optimization, Parallel algorithms, Latest techniques

1. Arrays

  1. What is an array and how is it different from a linked list?
  2. How do you find the maximum and minimum element in an array?
  3. How do you reverse an array in place?
  4. How do you rotate an array?
  5. How do you find the sum of all elements in an array?
  6. How do you find the subarray with maximum sum?
  7. What is the difference between a dynamic and static array?
  8. How do you remove duplicates from a sorted array?
  9. How do you merge two sorted arrays?
  10. How do you implement binary search in an array?
  11. How do you find the kth largest element in an array?
  12. How do you find the majority element in an array?
  13. How do you find pairs with a given sum in an array?
  14. How do you implement an array rotation using the reversal algorithm?
  15. How do you move all zeros to the end of an array?
  16. How do you find the intersection of two arrays?
  17. How do you find missing numbers in an array?
  18. How do you find duplicates in an array?
  19. How do you implement a 2D array?
  20. How do you find the longest consecutive subsequence in an array?
  21. How do you implement an array as a stack?
  22. How do you implement an array as a queue?
  23. How do you find equilibrium index in an array?
  24. How do you find the next greater element in an array?
  25. How do you implement circular arrays?

2. Linked Lists

  1. What is a linked list and its types?
  2. How do you reverse a linked list?
  3. How do you detect a loop in a linked list?
  4. How do you remove duplicates from a linked list?
  5. How do you find the middle of a linked list?
  6. How do you merge two sorted linked lists?
  7. How do you find the length of a linked list?
  8. How do you implement a doubly linked list?
  9. How do you detect and remove a loop in a linked list?
  10. How do you find the nth node from the end?
  11. How do you implement a circular linked list?
  12. How do you reverse a doubly linked list?
  13. How do you check if a linked list is a palindrome?
  14. How do you swap two nodes in a linked list?
  15. How do you add two numbers represented by linked lists?
  16. How do you rotate a linked list?
  17. How do you remove a node given only a reference to it?
  18. How do you implement a stack using a linked list?
  19. How do you implement a queue using a linked list?
  20. How do you delete alternate nodes in a linked list?
  21. How do you segregate even and odd nodes?
  22. How do you flatten a multilevel linked list?
  23. How do you find intersection point of two linked lists?
  24. How do you clone a linked list with random pointers?
  25. How do you reverse nodes in k-group?

3. Stack & Queue

  1. What is a stack and its applications?
  2. How do you implement a stack using arrays?
  3. How do you implement a stack using linked lists?
  4. How do you implement a queue using arrays?
  5. How do you implement a queue using linked lists?
  6. What is a circular queue?
  7. What is a priority queue?
  8. How do you implement a stack using two queues?
  9. How do you implement a queue using two stacks?
  10. How do you evaluate postfix expressions?
  11. How do you evaluate prefix expressions?
  12. How do you convert infix to postfix?
  13. How do you implement a deque?
  14. How do you find the minimum element in a stack in O(1)?
  15. How do you check for balanced parentheses using stack?
  16. How do you implement a stack with dynamic resizing?
  17. How do you implement sliding window maximum using deque?
  18. How do you implement LRU cache using stack/queue?
  19. How do you implement a circular buffer?
  20. How do you implement undo functionality using stack?
  21. How do you sort a stack using recursion?
  22. How do you implement a queue with multiple priorities?
  23. How do you implement stack using recursion only?
  24. How do you detect a redundant bracket in an expression?
  25. How do you evaluate an expression with variables?

4. Trees

  1. What is a binary tree?
  2. What is a binary search tree (BST)?
  3. How do you traverse a tree using preorder, inorder, postorder?
  4. How do you implement level-order traversal?
  5. How do you find height of a binary tree?
  6. How do you find the diameter of a tree?
  7. How do you find lowest common ancestor in a BST?
  8. How do you check if a tree is balanced?
  9. How do you check if a tree is a BST?
  10. How do you serialize and deserialize a tree?
  11. How do you find the maximum path sum in a tree?
  12. How do you find nodes at distance k from a given node?
  13. How do you find level with maximum sum?
  14. How do you implement a binary tree using arrays?
  15. How do you implement a threaded binary tree?
  16. How do you mirror a binary tree?
  17. How do you find the boundary nodes of a binary tree?
  18. How do you check if two trees are identical?
  19. How do you construct a tree from inorder and preorder traversal?
  20. How do you construct a tree from inorder and postorder traversal?
  21. How do you convert a BST to a sorted doubly linked list?
  22. How do you find the kth smallest/largest element in BST?
  23. How do you find sum of all left leaves in a tree?
  24. How do you find the vertical order traversal of a tree?
  25. How do you implement a trie for string search?

5. Graphs

  1. What is a graph and its types?
  2. What is adjacency list and adjacency matrix?
  3. How do you perform BFS on a graph?
  4. How do you perform DFS on a graph?
  5. How do you detect a cycle in a directed graph?
  6. How do you detect a cycle in an undirected graph?
  7. How do you find connected components in a graph?
  8. How do you implement Dijkstra?s algorithm?
  9. How do you implement Bellman-Ford algorithm?
  10. How do you implement Floyd-Warshall algorithm?
  11. How do you implement Prim?s algorithm?
  12. How do you implement Kruskal?s algorithm?
  13. How do you detect a bipartite graph?
  14. How do you find shortest path in unweighted graph?
  15. How do you find topological sort of a graph?
  16. How do you implement A* algorithm?
  17. How do you find strongly connected components?
  18. How do you detect articulation points in a graph?
  19. How do you detect bridges in a graph?
  20. How do you find minimum spanning tree?
  21. How do you detect Hamiltonian cycle?
  22. How do you detect Eulerian path or cycle?
  23. How do you implement graph using STL in C++ or Collections in Java?
  24. How do you traverse a graph recursively and iteratively?
  25. How do you solve graph problems with backtracking?

6. Hashing

  1. What is a hash table and its operations?
  2. How do you handle collisions in hashing?
  3. What is separate chaining?
  4. What is open addressing?
  5. Explain linear probing.
  6. Explain quadratic probing.
  7. Explain double hashing.
  8. How do you design a good hash function?
  9. What is load factor in a hash table?
  10. How do you resize a hash table?
  11. How do you implement LRU cache using hashing?
  12. How do you check for duplicates in an array using hashing?
  13. How do you find pairs with given sum using hashing?
  14. How do you implement a set using hashing?
  15. How do you implement a map using hashing?
  16. How do you count frequency of elements using hash table?
  17. How do you implement a dictionary using hashing?
  18. How do you detect anagrams using hashing?
  19. How do you implement prefix sum with hashing?
  20. How do you solve subarray sum problems using hashing?
  21. How do you detect repeated substrings using hashing?
  22. How do you find first non-repeating element using hashing?
  23. How do you implement custom hash table?
  24. How do you optimize hash table performance?
  25. How do you implement consistent hashing?

7. Dynamic Programming

  1. What is dynamic programming (DP)?
  2. Difference between memoization and tabulation?
  3. How do you solve Fibonacci series using DP?
  4. How do you solve the knapsack problem using DP?
  5. How do you solve the longest common subsequence problem?
  6. How do you solve the longest increasing subsequence problem?
  7. How do you solve matrix chain multiplication problem?
  8. How do you solve the coin change problem?
  9. How do you solve the rod cutting problem?
  10. How do you solve the minimum edit distance problem?
  11. How do you solve the subset sum problem?
  12. How do you solve the palindrome partitioning problem?
  13. How do you solve the house robber problem?
  14. How do you solve the optimal binary search tree problem?
  15. How do you solve the egg drop problem?
  16. How do you solve the word break problem?
  17. How do you solve the maximum subarray sum problem?
  18. How do you solve the unique paths problem in a grid?
  19. How do you solve the minimum path sum problem?
  20. How do you solve the DP problem with 2D states?
  21. How do you optimize DP with space optimization?
  22. How do you solve DP problems using bitmasking?
  23. How do you solve the count number of ways problem?
  24. How do you solve the minimum coins problem?
  25. How do you approach new DP problems effectively?
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25 August 2025

#Spring_AI

#Spring_AI
Level Topic Subtopics
Basic Introduction to Spring AI What is Spring AI, Role of AI in Spring Apps, Overview of LLM Integration, Use Cases in Applications, Benefits of AI with Spring
Spring AI Setup Adding Spring AI dependencies, Configuration Basics, API Keys Management, Connecting with OpenAI/LLMs, Simple AI Service Example
Prompt Engineering Basics Prompt Structure, Few-shot Prompts, Zero-shot Prompts, Prompt Variables, Handling AI Responses
REST API with AI Creating AI-backed REST endpoints, Handling JSON Responses, Simple Text Completion API, Basic Error Handling, Returning AI Results
Intermediate AI Integration with Spring Boot Service Layer Integration, Async Calls with AI APIs, Handling Timeouts, Error Recovery, Logging AI Calls
Advanced Prompt Engineering Multi-turn Prompts, Chaining Prompts, Contextual Memory, Structured Outputs, Guardrails
Data Access + AI Using AI for Query Generation, AI-Assisted Search, Vector Databases with Spring Data, RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation), Caching AI Results
Spring AI Observability Logging AI Requests/Responses, Metrics Collection, Distributed Tracing, Monitoring Performance, Debugging AI Behavior
Security in Spring AI Securing API Keys, Rate Limiting, Handling Sensitive Data, Input Validation, AI Safety Basics
Advanced AI Orchestration Multi-Model Orchestration, Model Selection Strategies, Chained AI Workflows, Using Agents in Spring, Async Orchestration
Spring AI + LangChain4j LangChain4j Basics, Integrating with Spring, Creating Chains, Using Tools, Memory in LangChain4j
AI + Databases SQL Generation, Natural Language to SQL, Query Optimization with AI, Using AI for Schema Mapping, Intelligent Data Access
AI for Business Workflows AI in E-commerce, AI for Recommendations, AI for Fraud Detection, Document Processing, Chatbots
Testing Spring AI Applications Unit Testing AI Integrations, Mocking AI Responses, Contract Testing, Load Testing AI Services, Regression Testing with AI
Expert Scaling AI in Spring Running AI in Production, Horizontal Scaling, Caching Strategies, Performance Tuning, Load Balancing AI Services
Enterprise Security + AI Enterprise Authentication (OAuth2, JWT), Data Privacy, Responsible AI Guidelines, PII Handling, Auditing
AI Deployment Strategies On-Prem LLM Integration, Hybrid Cloud AI, Model Fine-Tuning, Model Hosting, Custom AI Endpoints
Emerging Trends in Spring AI RAG at Scale, Multi-Agent Systems, AI Governance, Observability 2.0, AutoML Integration
Best Practices & Pitfalls Avoiding Hallucinations, Cost Optimization, Versioning Prompts, Failover Strategies, Continuous Improvement

1. Spring AI Basics

  1. What is Spring AI and why is it used?
  2. How does Spring AI integrate with Large Language Models (LLMs)?
  3. Difference between Spring AI and directly calling an AI API.
  4. What are the benefits of using Spring AI in enterprise applications?
  5. Explain a basic use case of Spring AI in a REST API.
  6. How do you add Spring AI dependencies in a Spring Boot project?
  7. How do you configure API keys in Spring AI?
  8. What are the supported LLM providers in Spring AI?
  9. How do you create a simple text completion service in Spring AI?
  10. How do you handle AI responses in JSON format?
  11. What is prompt engineering in the context of Spring AI?
  12. Difference between zero-shot and few-shot prompting.
  13. How do you pass dynamic variables into a prompt?
  14. What are guardrails in AI prompt design?
  15. How does Spring AI handle error responses from LLMs?
  16. How do you log AI requests and responses in Spring AI?
  17. What is the difference between synchronous and asynchronous calls to AI APIs?
  18. How do you test a basic AI-powered Spring Boot application?
  19. How do you secure API keys in Spring applications?
  20. What are common challenges with integrating AI into Spring?
  21. Explain how Spring AI can be used in a chatbot application.
  22. What is the role of Spring Boot in Spring AI projects?
  23. How do you version and manage AI prompts in Spring AI?
  24. What is a typical architecture for AI-enabled microservices?
  25. Best practices for starting with Spring AI.

2. Intermediate Spring AI

  1. How do you design service layers that interact with AI models?
  2. What are async calls in Spring AI and why are they important?
  3. How do you handle timeouts in AI calls?
  4. How do you implement retry mechanisms for failed AI requests?
  5. Explain advanced prompt engineering techniques.
  6. How do you maintain conversation context across multiple AI calls?
  7. How do you ensure structured outputs from AI models?
  8. What is Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) in Spring AI?
  9. How do you integrate vector databases with Spring AI?
  10. Explain caching strategies for AI results.
  11. How do you log and monitor AI calls in Spring?
  12. How do you implement distributed tracing for AI services?
  13. How do you measure AI performance in a Spring application?
  14. What are common security issues in Spring AI applications?
  15. How do you implement rate limiting for AI services?
  16. How do you validate user inputs for AI queries?
  17. What is AI safety in Spring AI?
  18. How do you prevent sensitive data leakage in AI responses?
  19. How do you implement feature toggles for AI functionality?
  20. Explain integration of Spring AI with external APIs.
  21. How do you handle bulk AI requests efficiently?
  22. How do you implement concurrency controls in AI services?
  23. How do you monitor cost usage for AI API calls?
  24. What is role-based access control for AI endpoints?
  25. Common mistakes developers make in intermediate Spring AI projects.

3. Advanced Spring AI

  1. How do you orchestrate multiple AI models in Spring?
  2. Explain multi-model routing in Spring AI.
  3. How do you chain multiple AI calls into workflows?
  4. What are agents in Spring AI and how are they implemented?
  5. Explain async orchestration in Spring AI pipelines.
  6. What is LangChain4j and how does it integrate with Spring AI?
  7. How do you use LangChain4j chains with Spring Boot?
  8. How do you implement memory in LangChain4j with Spring?
  9. How do you use AI for SQL query generation in Spring?
  10. How does AI assist in schema mapping in Spring Data?
  11. How do you implement AI for intelligent search?
  12. Explain AI-powered recommendations with Spring Boot.
  13. How do you use AI for fraud detection in Spring applications?
  14. How do you build an AI-powered document processing pipeline?
  15. Explain AI-powered chatbots with context memory in Spring AI.
  16. How do you integrate Spring AI with Kafka for event-driven AI?
  17. How do you implement circuit breaker patterns for AI calls?
  18. How do you optimize AI performance for low latency in Spring apps?
  19. How do you implement caching layers for repeated AI queries?
  20. Explain AI-powered anomaly detection with Spring.
  21. How do you handle streaming AI responses in Spring WebFlux?
  22. How do you build a multi-turn conversational flow in Spring AI?
  23. What are key challenges in integrating AI with enterprise databases?
  24. How do you implement distributed AI inference in Spring apps?
  25. Best practices for advanced AI integration in Spring.

4. Expert Spring AI

  1. How do you scale Spring AI applications in production?
  2. What are best practices for running AI services in Kubernetes?
  3. How do you implement horizontal scaling for AI workloads?
  4. How do you optimize AI cost in large-scale Spring deployments?
  5. How do you secure AI services with OAuth2 and JWT?
  6. What are responsible AI guidelines for enterprises?
  7. How do you implement privacy-preserving AI in Spring?
  8. How do you handle Personally Identifiable Information (PII) in AI?
  9. How do you implement auditing for AI services in enterprises?
  10. How do you integrate on-prem LLMs with Spring AI?
  11. Hybrid cloud AI: how do you combine on-prem and cloud AI?
  12. How do you fine-tune models and integrate them with Spring AI?
  13. How do you host custom AI models in Spring Boot?
  14. How do you implement enterprise-wide governance for AI?
  15. What is observability 2.0 for Spring AI services?
  16. How do you build multi-agent AI systems in Spring?
  17. What is the role of AutoML in Spring AI applications?
  18. How do you implement versioning and rollback strategies for AI prompts?
  19. What is the future of RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation) in Spring AI?
  20. How do you implement failover strategies for AI endpoints?
  21. What are key pitfalls in enterprise AI adoption with Spring?
  22. How do you balance performance and accuracy in AI-powered services?
  23. What are compliance requirements (e.g., GDPR, HIPAA) for AI in Spring?
  24. How do you ensure continuous improvement in AI-based applications?
  25. Emerging trends in Spring AI and enterprise adoption.
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