20 October 2020

#Kubernete

#Kubernetes

Key Concepts


S.No Topic Sub-Topics
1KubernetesWhat is Kubernetes, History, Features, Benefits, Kubernetes vs Docker Swarm
2Kubernetes ArchitectureMaster Node, Worker Node, API Server, Controller Manager, Scheduler, etcd
3Kubernetes ComponentsKubelet, Kube-proxy, Container Runtime, Pods, ReplicaSets, Deployments
4PodsPod definition, Pod lifecycle, Single container pod, Multi-container pod, Init containers
5NamespacesNamespace concept, Default namespace, Creating namespace, Using namespace, Resource isolation
6Labels & AnnotationsLabeling resources, Selecting resources, Annotations usage, Best practices, Filtering with labels
7ReplicaSetsReplicaSet definition, Scaling pods, Rolling updates, Pod template, Deployment integration
8DeploymentsDeployment creation, Rolling updates, Rollback, Declarative updates, Deployment strategies
9ServicesClusterIP, NodePort, LoadBalancer, ExternalName, Service discovery, Headless services
10ConfigMapsCreate ConfigMap, Using ConfigMap in pods, Environment variables, Volumes, Updating ConfigMap
11SecretsCreate Secrets, Using Secrets in pods, Environment variables, Mounting secrets, Security best practices
12VolumesEmptyDir, HostPath, PersistentVolume, PersistentVolumeClaim, StorageClasses
13Persistent StoragePV vs PVC, Dynamic provisioning, StorageClass, Volume access modes, Retention policies
14StatefulSetsStatefulSet concept, Use cases, Pod identity, Stable storage, Scaling stateful apps
15DaemonSetsDaemonSet purpose, Deploying DaemonSet, Use cases, Node selection, Updating DaemonSet
16Jobs & CronJobsJob creation, Parallel Jobs, CronJob scheduling, Job completion, Cleanup policies
17Kubernetes NetworkingPod-to-Pod communication, Services, Cluster DNS, Network policies, CNI plugins
18Ingress & Ingress ControllerIngress resources, Rules & paths, TLS configuration, Controllers (NGINX, Traefik), Annotations
19RBAC & SecurityRoles, RoleBindings, ClusterRoles, ClusterRoleBindings, ServiceAccount, Security best practices
20Resource ManagementCPU & Memory requests, Limits, Quotas, LimitRanges, Resource monitoring
21Horizontal Pod AutoscalerHPA concept, Metrics server, Scaling based on CPU, Scaling based on custom metrics, HPA configuration
22Vertical Pod AutoscalerVPA concept, Resource recommendations, Update policies, VPA integration, Use cases
23Kubernetes LoggingCentralized logging, kubectl logs, Sidecar logging, Fluentd, ELK stack integration
24Kubernetes MonitoringPrometheus, Grafana, Metrics server, Node exporter, Alertmanager
25Kubernetes HelmHelm overview, Charts, Helm install/upgrade, Repositories, Templating
26Kubernetes OperatorsOperator concept, Custom Resource Definitions, Operator SDK, Use cases, Examples
27Kubernetes API & CLIkubectl commands, Resource YAML files, Apply vs Create, API groups, Custom resources
28Kubernetes TroubleshootingDebug pods, Logs inspection, Events, Describe & get commands, Network debugging
29Kubernetes Best PracticesNamespace strategy, Resource limits, Security, Monitoring, CI/CD integration
30Hands-on ProjectDeploy multi-tier application, Use ConfigMaps & Secrets, Setup Service & Ingress, Autoscaling, Monitoring & Logging

Interview question

BASIC

  1. What is Kubernetes, and why is it used?
  2. What is a container?
  3. Difference between Docker and Kubernetes?
  4. Explain Kubernetes architecture.
  5. What is a Kubernetes cluster?
  6. What are master and worker nodes?
  7. What is a Pod?
  8. Difference between Pod and Container?
  9. What is a Deployment in Kubernetes?
  10. What is a ReplicaSet?
  11. What is kubectl? Common commands?
  12. What is a Namespace?
  13. What is a Service in Kubernetes?
  14. Types of Kubernetes Services?
  15. What is a ConfigMap?
  16. What is a Secret?
  17. What is a DaemonSet?
  18. What is a StatefulSet?
  19. What is a Job in Kubernetes?
  20. What is a CronJob?
  21. Explain Labels and Selectors.
  22. How do you scale pods?
  23. What is the role of etcd?
  24. What is a NodePort service?
  25. What is kubelet?

INTERMEDIATE Level

  1. Explain the Control Plane components.
  2. What does kube-apiserver do?
  3. What is scheduler in Kubernetes?
  4. What is Kube-proxy?
  5. Explain Ingress in Kubernetes.
  6. What are Network Policies?
  7. Explain Persistent Volume (PV).
  8. Explain Persistent Volume Claim (PVC).
  9. What is StorageClass?
  10. How does Kubernetes handle storage?
  11. What are readiness & liveness probes?
  12. Explain Resource Requests and Limits.
  13. What is a sidecar container?
  14. How does Horizontal Pod Autoscaler work?
  15. What is Vertical Pod Autoscaler?
  16. What is Cluster Autoscaler?
  17. Difference: Deployment vs StatefulSet vs DaemonSet?
  18. How does Kubernetes do load balancing?
  19. What is kube-proxy mode: iptables vs IPVS?
  20. What is a rolling update?
  21. What is rollback in Kubernetes?
  22. Explain Helm and its benefits.
  23. What is Kustomize?
  24. What is taint and toleration?
  25. What is nodeSelector?

ADVANCED Level

  1. Explain CRD (Custom Resource Definition).
  2. What are Kubernetes Operators?
  3. Explain Controller Pattern in Kubernetes.
  4. How does Kubernetes manage secrets securely?
  5. What is OPA Gatekeeper?
  6. What is PodSecurityPolicy?
  7. What is Pod Security Admission?
  8. Explain affinity and anti-affinity.
  9. What is topology spread constraint?
  10. Explain Service Mesh.
  11. Difference: Istio vs Linkerd.
  12. How does Kubernetes multi-cluster work?
  13. Explain Kubernetes Federation.
  14. What is etcd role in high availability?
  15. Explain RBAC (Role-Based Access Control).
  16. Explain admission controllers.
  17. What is CSI (Container Storage Interface)?
  18. What is CNI (Container Network Interface)?
  19. How does Kubernetes scale microservices?
  20. How to secure Kubernetes cluster?
  21. Explain audit logging in Kubernetes.
  22. How does Prometheus integrate with Kubernetes?
  23. How do you implement tracing in Kubernetes?
  24. What is kubectl port-forward? Use case?
  25. What is Canary Deployment in Kubernetes?

EXPERT Level

  1. Explain Kubernetes internals of scheduling.
  2. Deep dive: kubelet architecture.
  3. How etcd works internally (Raft protocol)?
  4. Difference between CRD and API Aggregation?
  5. How to build a Kubernetes Operator?
  6. Explain eBPF and Cilium architecture.
  7. Explain multi-tenancy design in K8s.
  8. How to design a production-grade cluster?
  9. Explain cluster capacity planning.
  10. What is chaos engineering in Kubernetes?
  11. How to do performance tuning in Kubernetes?
  12. What are Pod Disruption Budgets?
  13. Explain service mesh traffic routing strategies.
  14. How to implement zero-downtime deployment?
  15. Explain Kubernetes resource model deeply.
  16. How to handle stateful workloads at large scale?
  17. What happens if kube-apiserver fails?
  18. How to secure etcd?
  19. Explain SPIFFE/SPIRE in Kubernetes trust.
  20. How to build custom admission webhook?
  21. Difference between GitOps tools (ArgoCD vs Flux).
  22. How would you debug a stuck pod?
  23. Explain network packet flow inside Kubernetes.
  24. How to manage secrets across multi-clusters?
  25. How to implement global failover architecture?

Related Topics


   Kubernetes Architecture   
   Workloads & Controllers   
   Services & Networking   
   Storage & Stateful Applications   
   Config Management   
   Security & RBAC   
   Observability   
   Scaling & Autoscaling   
   Package Management   
   Custom Resources