#AWS

Last updated    - V7 (19-Dec-2025)

Key Concepts

S.No	Topic	Sub-Topics
1	Introduction to AWS	What is AWS?, AWS global infrastructure, Regions and Availability Zones, Key services overview, Use cases
2	AWS IAM	Users and groups, Roles, Policies, MFA, Best practices
3	EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud)	Instance types, AMIs, Security groups, Key pairs, Elastic IPs
4	Elastic Load Balancer (ELB)	Types of load balancers, Listeners, Target groups, Health checks, Integration with Auto Scaling
5	Auto Scaling	Launch configurations, Auto Scaling groups, Scaling policies, Health checks, Monitoring
6	Amazon S3	Buckets, Storage classes, Object lifecycle, Versioning, Security and access control
7	Amazon EBS	Volume types, Snapshots, Encryption, Attachment to EC2, Performance optimization
8	Amazon RDS	Database engines, Multi-AZ deployment, Read replicas, Backups, Security
9	Amazon DynamoDB	Tables, Primary keys, Global tables, Streams, Security
10	Amazon Redshift	Clusters, Schemas and tables, ETL integration, Performance tuning, Security
11	Amazon VPC	Subnets, Route tables, Internet Gateway, NAT Gateway, Security groups and NACLs
12	Amazon Route 53	DNS management, Routing policies, Health checks, Domain registration, Integration with services
13	AWS Lambda	Serverless overview, Event sources, Deploying functions, Scaling, Monitoring
14	AWS API Gateway	REST APIs, WebSocket APIs, Deployments, Security, Monitoring
15	Amazon SNS	Topics, Subscriptions, Message filtering, SMS/Email, Integration with Lambda
16	Amazon SQS	Queues, Message types, Dead-letter queues, Visibility timeout, Integration with services
17	Amazon Kinesis	Streams, Data ingestion, Consumers, Data processing, Security
18	Amazon CloudFront	CDN overview, Distribution setup, Caching, Security, Integration with S3
19	AWS CloudWatch	Metrics, Alarms, Logs, Dashboards, Events
20	AWS CloudTrail	Audit logging, Event history, Trails setup, Security monitoring, Integration with CloudWatch
21	Amazon Elastic Beanstalk	Application deployment, Environment setup, Scaling, Monitoring, Updates
22	AWS Step Functions	Workflow orchestration, State machines, Tasks, Error handling, Integration with Lambda
23	Amazon SageMaker	Data preparation, Model training, Deployment, Endpoint management, Monitoring
24	Security in AWS	IAM best practices, Key management (KMS), Security groups, WAF, Compliance
25	AWS CLI & SDKs	Installation, Core commands, Scripting, Automation, Integration with services
26	AWS CloudFormation	Templates, Stacks, Parameters, Resource creation, Automation
27	AWS OpsWorks	Configuration management, Chef and Puppet, Deployment, Scaling, Monitoring
28	AWS Organizations	Accounts management, Service control policies, Consolidated billing, Organizational units, Security
29	AWS Billing & Cost Management	Budgets, Cost Explorer, Billing alerts, Cost allocation, Optimization
30	AWS Labs & Projects	Hands-on labs, Multi-service projects, Deploy sample apps, Real-time scenarios, Certification preparation

Interview question

Basic Level

1. What is AWS and why is it used?
2. What are the benefits of cloud computing?
3. Explain the AWS shared responsibility model.
4. What is an Availability Zone?
5. What is the difference between Region and AZ?
6. What is EC2 in AWS?
7. What are the different EC2 instance types?
8. What is an AMI?
9. What is the difference between On-Demand, Reserved, and Spot instances?
10. What is S3 in AWS?
11. What are the storage classes in S3?
12. What is the difference between S3 and EBS?
13. What is Elastic Block Store (EBS)?
14. What is an Elastic IP?
15. What is the difference between stopping and terminating an EC2 instance?
16. What is IAM in AWS?
17. What is the difference between IAM User, Group, and Role?
18. What is the difference between Security Groups and NACLs?
19. What is Auto Scaling?
20. What is CloudWatch used for?
21. What is CloudTrail?
22. What is AWS Config?
23. What is Route 53?
24. What are the routing policies in Route 53?
25. What is a VPC?
26. What is the difference between public and private subnets?
27. What is an Internet Gateway?
28. What is a NAT Gateway?
29. What is Elastic Load Balancer?
30. What are the types of Load Balancers in AWS?
31. What is Amazon RDS?
32. What is the difference between RDS and DynamoDB?
33. What is Amazon Aurora?
34. What is Amazon ElastiCache?
35. What is AWS Lambda?
36. What are Lambda triggers?
37. What is the maximum timeout for Lambda?
38. What is CloudFormation?
39. What is AWS Elastic Beanstalk?
40. What is the AWS Free Tier?
41. What is AWS CLI?
42. What is AWS SDK?
43. What are Tags in AWS?
44. What is S3 versioning?
45. What is S3 lifecycle policy?
46. What is MFA delete in S3?
47. What are Spot Fleet requests?
48. What is Elastic File System (EFS)?
49. What is the difference between EFS and EBS?
50. What is Amazon SNS?

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Intermediate Level

1. How do you design a VPC with public and private subnets?
2. What is VPC Peering?
3. What is AWS Transit Gateway?
4. How does Direct Connect work?
5. Difference between Internet Gateway and NAT Gateway.
6. What is an Elastic Network Interface (ENI)?
7. What is a Placement Group in EC2?
8. Difference between Cluster, Spread, and Partition placement groups.
9. How does S3 Cross-Region Replication work?
10. What is S3 Transfer Acceleration?
11. Difference between EFS and FSx.
12. What is AWS Storage Gateway?
13. Difference between RDS Multi-AZ and Read Replicas.
14. How does Aurora differ from RDS?
15. What are DynamoDB Streams?
16. What is DynamoDB TTL?
17. Difference between DynamoDB Provisioned and On-Demand capacity modes.
18. What is DynamoDB Accelerator (DAX)?
19. What is Redshift?
20. How does Redshift differ from RDS?
21. What is AWS Glue?
22. What is Amazon Kinesis?
23. Difference between Kinesis Data Streams and Firehose.
24. What is AWS Step Functions?
25. What is API Gateway in AWS?
26. What is the difference between API Gateway REST API and HTTP API?
27. How does Cognito provide authentication?
28. What is AWS Secrets Manager vs Parameter Store?
29. What is AWS Trusted Advisor?
30. What is the AWS Well-Architected Framework?
31. What are the 5 pillars of the Well-Architected Framework?
32. What is Elastic Beanstalk vs ECS?
33. What is EKS and how does it differ from ECS?
34. What is Fargate?
35. What is CloudFront?
36. Difference between CloudFront and Global Accelerator.
37. What is AWS Organizations?
38. What are Service Control Policies (SCPs)?
39. What is AWS Control Tower?
40. What is a Landing Zone in AWS?
41. What is AWS Firewall Manager?
42. What is AWS Shield?
43. What is AWS WAF?
44. What is Macie?
45. What is GuardDuty?
46. What is Inspector?
47. What is AWS Security Hub?
48. What is AWS Cost Explorer?
49. What is AWS Budgets?
50. What is AWS Pricing Calculator?

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Advanced Level

1. Difference between ALB, NLB, and CLB.
2. What are VPC Endpoints (Gateway vs Interface)?
3. How does Transit Gateway differ from VPC Peering?
4. How to design a multi-region active-active architecture?
5. How to achieve high availability in AWS?
6. How does Elastic Disaster Recovery work?
7. How to implement cross-region failover?
8. What are Global Tables in DynamoDB?
9. How to optimize DynamoDB for large workloads?
10. What is a partition key and sort key in DynamoDB?
11. How to implement caching for DynamoDB?
12. How does Aurora Global Database work?
13. How does Redshift Spectrum work?
14. How to optimize Redshift queries?
15. How to secure S3 at scale?
16. What is S3 Object Lock?
17. How to integrate KMS with S3, RDS, and EBS?
18. How to use Customer Managed Keys (CMKs)?
19. What is Envelope Encryption?
20. What is AWS Certificate Manager?
21. What is IAM Access Analyzer?
22. What is Resource Access Manager (RAM)?
23. How to set up cross-account roles?
24. How to configure hybrid connectivity with AWS?
25. Difference between VPN and Direct Connect.
26. What is PrivateLink?
27. What is AWS App Mesh?
28. What is Amazon MQ?
29. What is EventBridge?
30. What is Elastic Transcoder?
31. What is AWS Batch?
32. What is HPC on AWS?
33. What is AWS Outposts?
34. What is AWS Local Zones?
35. What is AWS Wavelength?
36. How does CloudWatch Logs Insights work?
37. How does AWS X-Ray work?
38. How to integrate Step Functions with Lambda?
39. What is AppSync?
40. What is SageMaker?
41. How to deploy ML models using SageMaker?
42. What is SageMaker Ground Truth?
43. What is AWS Lake Formation?
44. What is AWS Data Exchange?
45. What is AWS Glue DataBrew?
46. What is EMR?
47. Difference between EMR and Glue.
48. What is Kinesis Analytics?
49. What is AWS Personalize?
50. What is AWS Forecast?

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Expert Level

1. How do you enforce governance across multiple AWS accounts?
2. How do you implement a multi-account security strategy?
3. How do you implement zero-trust security on AWS?
4. How do you architect for 99.999% availability?
5. How do you run HPC workloads at scale in AWS?
6. How do you design a DR strategy across regions?
7. How do you run multi-region active-active workloads?
8. How do you secure sensitive workloads on AWS?
9. How to integrate AWS with hybrid and multi-cloud setups?
10. How to implement CI/CD pipelines across multiple accounts?
11. How to design an enterprise data lake on AWS?
12. How to manage petabyte-scale data pipelines in AWS?
13. How to design analytics platforms with Redshift and Athena?
14. How to optimize costs for thousands of AWS accounts?
15. What is the AWS Well-Architected Tool?
16. How to apply FinOps practices in AWS?
17. How to monitor costs in real time across accounts?
18. How to enforce IAM best practices at scale?
19. How to use Control Tower for enterprise governance?
20. How to secure S3 data lakes for compliance?
21. How to design architectures for GDPR and HIPAA compliance?
22. How to implement chaos engineering in AWS?
23. How to test failover between AWS regions?
24. How to set up automated account vending in AWS?
25. How to enforce SCPs across hundreds of accounts?
26. How to integrate AWS with ServiceNow for governance?
27. How to build enterprise observability in AWS?
28. How to monitor multi-region workloads in CloudWatch?
29. How to implement AI/ML pipelines with SageMaker?
30. How to build real-time analytics pipelines with Kinesis and Lambda?
31. How to deploy global APIs with API Gateway and CloudFront?
32. How to run Kubernetes workloads at scale on EKS?
33. How to secure Kubernetes workloads in AWS?
34. How to use service mesh for multi-region workloads?
35. How to implement advanced IAM policy design?
36. How to run blockchain workloads on AWS?
37. How to implement AWS Nitro Enclaves?
38. How to run confidential computing workloads?
39. How to design architectures for low-latency trading systems?
40. How to handle compliance audits in AWS?
41. How to use Security Hub across organizations?
42. How to automate remediation with AWS Systems Manager?
43. How to build self-healing architectures in AWS?
44. How to implement automated incident response in AWS?
45. How to run large-scale IoT workloads in AWS?
46. How to implement AWS Greengrass?
47. How to run robotics workloads on AWS RoboMaker?
48. How to implement AWS Private 5G?
49. How to integrate Outposts with hybrid environments?
50. How to design enterprise-scale multi-cloud architecture with AWS?

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