#Azure_Cosmos_DB

Level Topic Subtopics Basic Introduction to Cosmos DB What is Cosmos DB, Features, Global distribution, Multi-model support Core Concepts Databases, Containers, Items, Partitions Data Models Document, Key-Value, Column-Family, Graph APIs SQL API, MongoDB API, Cassandra API, Gremlin API, Table API Consistency Levels Strong, Bounded Staleness, Session, Consistent Prefix, Eventual Partitioning Basics Logical partition, Partition key selection, Partition strategies Provisioned Throughput Request Units (RU/s), Autoscale, Manual throughput Cosmos DB Account Types Standard vs Free Tier, Multi-region write accounts Query Basics SELECT statements, Filtering, ORDER BY Cosmos DB Tools Azure Portal, Data Explorer, SDKs Intermediate Indexing Automatic indexing, Custom indexing policies, Composite indexes TTL (Time to Live) Setting TTL, Use cases, Expired document deletion Change Feed Monitoring changes, Event-driven architecture Multi-region Replication Read regions, Write regions, Failover priority Stored Procedures & Triggers Writing server-side logic, Triggers, Stored procedures UDFs (User Defined Functions) Creating functions, Using in queries Query Performance Index utilization, Query metrics, Optimizing queries SDKs & Integration .NET, Java, Python, Node.js SDKs Security Basics Authentication, Authorization, Role-based access control Backup & Restore Automated backup, Restore points Advanced Global Distribution Multi-master replication, Conflict resolution Consistency Tuning Choosing the right consistency level Throughput Optimization RU/s optimization, Request patterns Partitioning Advanced Hot partitions, Cross-partition queries Performance Monitoring Metrics, Diagnostics, Alerts Data Modeling Best Practices Modeling hierarchical data, Reference vs Embedding Transactions ACID transactions with stored procedures Large-scale Data Management Bulk operations, Bulk executor library Cosmos DB SLAs Availability, Latency, Consistency guarantees Integration with Azure Services Event Grid, Functions, Logic Apps, Synapse Expert Advanced Security Encryption at rest, Customer-managed keys, Network security Operational Best Practices Indexing strategy, Partitioning strategy, Throughput planning Advanced Querying LINQ, Aggregation, JOINs, CROSS APPLY Cosmos DB Emulator Local development, Testing scenarios Conflict Resolution Strategies Last-write wins, Custom conflict handlers Scaling Strategies Horizontal scaling, Vertical scaling considerations Real-time Analytics Integration Integration with Spark, Synapse Analytics Advanced Monitoring & Alerts Custom metrics, Diagnostic logs, Alerting policies Disaster Recovery Regional failover, Backup restoration Future Trends & Best Practices Serverless architecture, Multi-model optimizations, AI/ML integration

1. Fundamentals

1. What is Azure Cosmos DB and what are its main features?
2. What are the advantages of using Cosmos DB over traditional databases?
3. Explain multi-model support in Cosmos DB.
4. What are the different APIs provided by Cosmos DB?
5. What is the difference between SQL API and MongoDB API in Cosmos DB?
6. What are containers in Cosmos DB?
7. What is a logical partition in Cosmos DB?
8. What are items in Cosmos DB?
9. Explain partition keys and their importance.
10. What are the consistency levels in Cosmos DB?
11. What is the difference between strong and eventual consistency?
12. How does Cosmos DB ensure global distribution?
13. What is RU/s (Request Units per second) in Cosmos DB?
14. Explain provisioned throughput vs autoscale throughput.
15. What is the role of Cosmos DB SDKs?
16. What are Cosmos DB accounts and their types?
17. How do you query documents in Cosmos DB?
18. What is the Cosmos DB Data Explorer?
19. What are the limitations of Cosmos DB?
20. How does Cosmos DB handle large datasets?
21. What is TTL (Time to Live) in Cosmos DB?
22. How do you handle schema in Cosmos DB?
23. What is multi-master replication?
24. Explain the difference between single-region and multi-region accounts.
25. How does Cosmos DB handle failover and disaster recovery?

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2. CRUD & Querying

1. How do you insert a document into Cosmos DB?
2. How do you update documents in Cosmos DB?
3. How do you delete documents in Cosmos DB?
4. Explain querying with SQL API in Cosmos DB.
5. What is the use of SELECT and WHERE clauses in Cosmos DB queries?
6. How do you use the ORDER BY clause in queries?
7. How do you perform aggregation in Cosmos DB?
8. What is the difference between point reads and query reads?
9. How do you implement pagination in Cosmos DB queries?
10. How do you query nested documents in Cosmos DB?
11. What is the difference between cross-partition and single-partition queries?
12. Explain the use of OFFSET and LIMIT in Cosmos DB.
13. What are stored procedures in Cosmos DB?
14. How do you call stored procedures in Cosmos DB?
15. What are triggers in Cosmos DB?
16. What are User Defined Functions (UDFs) in Cosmos DB?
17. How do you filter documents using array operators?
18. Explain the use of JOINs in Cosmos DB.
19. How do you use aggregate functions in queries?
20. What is the use of DISTINCT keyword in Cosmos DB queries?
21. How do you handle query performance for large datasets?
22. How do you optimize queries in Cosmos DB?
23. What are common query anti-patterns?
24. How do you handle cross-region queries in Cosmos DB?
25. How do you use the Cosmos DB SDK to query documents programmatically?

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3. Indexing & Aggregation

1. What is automatic indexing in Cosmos DB?
2. How do you create custom indexes in Cosmos DB?
3. What is a composite index?
4. What are spatial indexes?
5. How do indexes improve query performance in Cosmos DB?
6. What is the indexing policy in Cosmos DB?
7. How do you exclude properties from indexing?
8. What is the impact of indexing on RU consumption?
9. How do you use the $filter operator in aggregation queries?
10. What is the difference between aggregate and group queries?
11. How do you use COUNT, SUM, AVG in Cosmos DB queries?
12. Explain the use of TOP keyword in queries.
13. How do you optimize indexing for large datasets?
14. What is the role of partitioning in aggregation performance?
15. How do you use JOINs for aggregating data across nested objects?
16. How do composite indexes improve multi-property queries?
17. What are best practices for indexing strategies?
18. How do you use the EXPLAIN plan to optimize queries?
19. What is the difference between range and equality indexes?
20. How do you handle analytical queries in Cosmos DB?
21. How do you perform aggregation across partitions?
22. How do you create spatial queries in Cosmos DB?
23. How do you implement TTL-based data purging?
24. How do indexing and partitioning affect throughput consumption?
25. How do you monitor index usage in Cosmos DB?

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4. Data Modeling

1. How do you model hierarchical data in Cosmos DB?
2. When should you embed vs reference documents?
3. What is the best practice for choosing partition keys?
4. How do you model one-to-many relationships?
5. How do you model many-to-many relationships?
6. What are the challenges of cross-partition joins?
7. How do you handle large arrays in a document?
8. What is the outlier pattern in Cosmos DB modeling?
9. How do you handle schema evolution in Cosmos DB?
10. How do you model time-series data in Cosmos DB?
11. How do you handle read-heavy workloads in data modeling?
12. How do you handle write-heavy workloads?
13. How do you design for scalability?
14. How do you design for multi-region access?
15. What is the computed property pattern?
16. How do you model reference data efficiently?
17. How do you minimize RU consumption in data modeling?
18. What is the role of denormalization in Cosmos DB?
19. How do you model immutable data?
20. How do you model transactional data?
21. What are common modeling anti-patterns?
22. How do you handle large documents?
23. How do you implement versioning in documents?
24. How do you manage cascading deletes?
25. How do you model for analytical workloads?

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5. Replication & Consistency

1. What are Cosmos DB consistency levels?
2. How do you choose the appropriate consistency level?
3. What is strong consistency in Cosmos DB?
4. What is bounded staleness consistency?
5. What is session consistency?
6. What is consistent prefix consistency?
7. What is eventual consistency?
8. How does multi-region replication work?
9. How do you configure multi-region writes?
10. How does Cosmos DB handle conflict resolution?
11. What is last-write-wins conflict resolution?
12. How do you implement custom conflict resolution?
13. How do read regions affect latency?
14. How do write regions affect throughput?
15. How does Cosmos DB failover work?
16. What is multi-master replication?
17. How does replication impact RU consumption?
18. How do you monitor replication health?
19. How do you test consistency in Cosmos DB?
20. How do you ensure high availability in Cosmos DB?
21. How do replication and partitioning interact?
22. What is the impact of network latency on consistency?
23. How does Cosmos DB guarantee SLA for latency?
24. What is the effect of region failover on active sessions?
25. How do you design for disaster recovery?

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6. Security & Administration

1. How do you authenticate users in Cosmos DB?
2. What is role-based access control (RBAC) in Cosmos DB?
3. How do you assign permissions to users and roles?
4. How do you implement encryption at rest?
5. How do you implement client-side encryption?
6. What is IP firewall and virtual network integration?
7. How do you monitor activity using audit logs?
8. How do you rotate keys and secrets in Cosmos DB?
9. What is Azure AD integration with Cosmos DB?
10. How do you configure private endpoints?
11. How do you manage users and roles programmatically?
12. How do you enforce compliance (e.g., GDPR)?
13. How do you use diagnostic logging?
14. How do you manage backups?
15. How do you restore data from backups?
16. How do you implement automated failover policies?
17. How do you secure Cosmos DB endpoints?
18. What are threat detection capabilities?
19. How do you manage multi-region security policies?
20. How do you monitor network traffic?
21. How do you implement alerting for security events?
22. How do you audit database operations?
23. How do you protect sensitive data in queries?
24. How do you enforce access control for stored procedures?
25. How do you comply with industry regulations?

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7. Performance & Advanced

1. How do you monitor performance metrics in Cosmos DB?
2. What are RU/s and how do they impact performance?
3. How do you optimize throughput for high-traffic workloads?
4. How do you handle hot partitions?
5. How do you scale Cosmos DB horizontally?
6. How do you scale Cosmos DB vertically?
7. How do you reduce RU consumption in queries?
8. How do you use bulk operations to improve performance?
9. How do you implement caching for Cosmos DB?
10. How do you profile slow queries?
11. What is the Cosmos DB metrics dashboard?
12. How do you use partitioning to improve performance?
13. How do you handle write-heavy workloads efficiently?
14. How do you handle read-heavy workloads efficiently?
15. What are best practices for indexing to optimize performance?
16. How do you monitor latency across regions?
17. How do you use the SDK for performance tuning?
18. How do you handle large-scale analytics in Cosmos DB?
19. How do you integrate Cosmos DB with Azure Synapse?
20. How do you implement serverless Cosmos DB for dynamic workloads?
21. How do you monitor SLA compliance?
22. How do you implement batch processing?
23. How do you monitor throughput consumption?
24. How do you troubleshoot performance bottlenecks?
25. What are future trends and features in Cosmos DB?

#Mongodb

Level Topic Subtopics Basic Introduction to MongoDB What is MongoDB, Features, Advantages, NoSQL vs SQL Installation & Setup Installing MongoDB, Mongo Shell, MongoDB Compass, Cloud setup Data Modeling Basics Collections, Documents, BSON, Schema-less design CRUD Operations Insert, Find, Update, Delete Indexing Basics Single-field index, Default _id index, Index creation syntax Query Operators Comparison, Logical, Element, Evaluation operators Aggregation Basics $match, $group, $sort, $project Data Types String, Number, Date, Array, Embedded Documents MongoDB Shell Commands Basic commands, Database navigation, Querying Basic Performance Concepts Why indexes matter, Query execution basics Intermediate Indexing Advanced Compound index, Multikey index, Unique index, Partial index Schema Design Patterns Embedding vs Referencing, Extended reference, Subset pattern Aggregation Framework Advanced $lookup, $unwind, $facet, $bucket Data Validation JSON Schema validation, Required fields, Data constraints Transactions ACID support, Multi-document transactions, Retryable writes Sharding Basics What is sharding, Shard keys, Config servers, Query routing Replication Basics Replica sets, Primary/Secondary nodes, Elections Cursors & Pagination Limit, Skip, Batch size, find().sort() Indexing for Performance Covered queries, Index intersection, Explain plans Geospatial Queries 2D/2DSphere indexes, $near, $geoWithin, $geoIntersects Advanced Sharding Advanced Zone sharding, Hashed shard keys, Balancer Replication Advanced Write concerns, Read preferences, Replica set configuration Aggregation Pipelines Optimization Pipeline performance, Index usage in aggregation Change Streams Watching collections, Database & cluster change streams Backup & Restore mongodump, mongorestore, Ops Manager backup Security Basics Authentication, Authorization, Role-based access control (RBAC) Performance Tuning Profiling, Query optimization, Index strategies Data Migration Import/Export tools, MongoMirror, Migration strategies Time Series Data Time-series collections, Storage optimization MongoDB Drivers Java, Python, Node.js drivers, Connection pooling Expert MongoDB Atlas & Cloud Clusters, Global replication, Serverless instances Advanced Security Encryption at rest, Client-side encryption, Kerberos, LDAP Ops Manager & Monitoring Metrics, Automation, Deployment monitoring Fault Tolerance Replica failover, Recovery strategies, Rollbacks Multi-Region Deployments Global clusters, Latency-based sharding, Disaster recovery Advanced Schema Patterns Outlier pattern, Bucket pattern, Computed pattern Auditing & Compliance Audit logs, GDPR, HIPAA compliance Server Internals Storage engine (WiredTiger), Journaling, Checkpointing Big Data Integration MongoDB + Spark, Hadoop connector, BI connector Future Trends MongoDB with AI/ML, Vector search, Integration with GraphQL

1. Fundamentals

1. What is MongoDB and how is it different from relational databases?
2. What are the main features of MongoDB?
3. Explain BSON and how it differs from JSON.
4. What is a collection in MongoDB?
5. What is a document in MongoDB?
6. How does MongoDB ensure high availability?
7. What are the advantages of using MongoDB?
8. What are the limitations of MongoDB?
9. Explain the concept of schema-less design.
10. What is the role of _id in MongoDB?
11. Compare MongoDB vs SQL databases.
12. What are capped collections?
13. How does MongoDB handle relationships?
14. Explain embedding vs referencing documents.
15. What is the default storage engine in MongoDB?
16. What is MongoDB Compass?
17. Explain the difference between MongoDB Atlas and on-prem MongoDB.
18. What is a namespace in MongoDB?
19. What are MongoDB drivers?
20. How do you connect to a MongoDB database?
21. What is MongoDB Atlas?
22. What is GridFS in MongoDB?
23. What is journaling in MongoDB?
24. Explain WiredTiger storage engine.
25. What are some real-world use cases of MongoDB?

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2. CRUD & Querying

1. How do you insert a single document in MongoDB?
2. How do you insert multiple documents in MongoDB?
3. Explain the difference between insertOne() and insertMany().
4. How do you find all documents in a collection?
5. How do you use comparison operators in queries?
6. What is the difference between $and and $or operators?
7. How do you update documents in MongoDB?
8. Explain the difference between updateOne() and updateMany().
9. How do you delete documents from a collection?
10. What is the difference between deleteOne() and deleteMany()?
11. How do you use projections in MongoDB queries?
12. How do you perform text search in MongoDB?
13. Explain how $regex works in MongoDB queries.
14. How do you implement pagination in MongoDB queries?
15. What are cursors in MongoDB?
16. How do you sort query results in MongoDB?
17. Explain the difference between find() and aggregate().
18. What is the use of $in operator?
19. What is the use of $nin operator?
20. Explain $exists operator in queries.
21. How do you count documents in MongoDB?
22. What is the difference between count() and countDocuments()?
23. How do you use $elemMatch in queries?
24. What are the uses of $all operator?
25. Explain how to query nested documents.

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3. Indexing & Aggregation

1. What is an index in MongoDB?
2. How do you create an index in MongoDB?
3. What is a compound index?
4. What is a multikey index?
5. What is a hashed index?
6. Explain text indexes in MongoDB.
7. What are geospatial indexes?
8. How do indexes improve query performance?
9. What is an index intersection?
10. What is a covered query?
11. What are sparse indexes?
12. What are partial indexes?
13. Explain $match in aggregation framework.
14. Explain $group in aggregation framework.
15. What is $project in aggregation?
16. Explain $lookup in aggregation.
17. What is $unwind used for?
18. How does $facet work in MongoDB aggregation?
19. What is $bucket stage in aggregation?
20. What is the $sort stage in aggregation pipelines?
21. Explain $limit and $skip in aggregation.
22. What is the $out stage in aggregation?
23. How do you optimize aggregation pipelines?
24. What is $addFields in aggregation?
25. Explain $merge in aggregation pipelines.

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4. Data Modeling

1. What is data modeling in MongoDB?
2. Explain embedding vs referencing in MongoDB schema design.
3. What are the advantages of embedding documents?
4. What are the disadvantages of embedding documents?
5. What are the advantages of referencing documents?
6. What are the disadvantages of referencing documents?
7. What is the extended reference pattern?
8. What is the subset pattern?
9. What is the bucket pattern?
10. What is the computed pattern?
11. What is the outlier pattern?
12. What is the tree pattern?
13. How do you design for one-to-one relationships in MongoDB?
14. How do you design for one-to-many relationships?
15. How do you design for many-to-many relationships?
16. What are schema validation rules in MongoDB?
17. How do you implement data validation using JSON Schema?
18. What are time-series collections in MongoDB?
19. How does MongoDB handle evolving schemas?
20. What are schema anti-patterns in MongoDB?
21. How do you avoid schema bloat in MongoDB?
22. What are the best practices for schema design?
23. How do you use polymorphic schemas in MongoDB?
24. What is the computed fields design pattern?
25. How do you model hierarchical data in MongoDB?

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5. Replication & Sharding

1. What is replication in MongoDB?
2. What is a replica set?
3. What are primary and secondary nodes in replication?
4. How does automatic failover work in MongoDB?
5. What are arbiter nodes in MongoDB replication?
6. What is the oplog in replication?
7. How does MongoDB achieve read scaling in replica sets?
8. What are write concerns in MongoDB replication?
9. What are read preferences in MongoDB replication?
10. What is rollback in replication?
11. What is sharding in MongoDB?
12. What is a shard key?
13. What are config servers in sharding?
14. What is the role of mongos in sharding?
15. What is zone sharding?
16. What is hashed sharding?
17. How does range sharding work?
18. How does MongoDB balance shards?
19. What are challenges of sharding?
20. What is the difference between replication and sharding?
21. How do you choose a shard key?
22. What happens when shard keys are not evenly distributed?
23. How do you reshard in MongoDB?
24. How do you monitor sharded clusters?
25. What is the impact of sharding on queries?

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6. Security & Administration

1. What is authentication in MongoDB?
2. What is authorization in MongoDB?
3. How does role-based access control (RBAC) work in MongoDB?
4. What are built-in roles in MongoDB?
5. How do you create custom roles?
6. What is encryption at rest in MongoDB?
7. What is client-side field-level encryption?
8. How does TLS/SSL work in MongoDB?
9. What is Kerberos authentication in MongoDB?
10. What is LDAP integration in MongoDB?
11. How do you enable auditing in MongoDB?
12. What are audit filters in MongoDB?
13. What are MongoDB logs and how do you use them?
14. What is MongoDB Ops Manager?
15. How does MongoDB Atlas provide security?
16. What are network whitelists in MongoDB Atlas?
17. How do you manage users in MongoDB?
18. What are SCRAM mechanisms in MongoDB authentication?
19. What is x.509 certificate authentication in MongoDB?
20. How do you secure a MongoDB instance?
21. How do you backup MongoDB?
22. What is mongodump and mongorestore?
23. How do you use MongoDB Cloud Backup?
24. How do you implement auditing for compliance?
25. What are MongoDB?s GDPR/HIPAA compliance features?

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7. Performance & Advanced

1. How do you profile queries in MongoDB?
2. What is the MongoDB profiler?
3. What is the explain() method used for?
4. How do you analyze slow queries?
5. How do you improve query performance with indexes?
6. What is the working set in MongoDB?
7. What is write concern majority?
8. How do journaling and checkpoints work in MongoDB?
9. What is memory-mapped storage in MongoDB?
10. How does WiredTiger handle concurrency?
11. What is connection pooling in MongoDB drivers?
12. What is the impact of large documents on performance?
13. What are best practices for indexing strategy?
14. What are anti-patterns in MongoDB performance?
15. How do you monitor MongoDB performance?
16. How do you scale writes in MongoDB?
17. How do you scale reads in MongoDB?
18. What is MongoDB Atlas Performance Advisor?
19. What are MongoDB diagnostic commands?
20. How does MongoDB handle high throughput workloads?
21. How do you test MongoDB scalability?
22. What are MongoDB integration options with Spark or Hadoop?
23. How does MongoDB handle real-time analytics?
24. What are vector search features in MongoDB?
25. What are the future trends of MongoDB?