Showing posts with label #Messagebroker. Show all posts
Showing posts with label #Messagebroker. Show all posts

14 November 2023

#Solace

#Solace
Level Subtopic Topics
Basic Solace Fundamentals Messaging Concepts, PubSub+ Overview, Event Broker Basics, Point-to-Point, Publish/Subscribe
Core Architecture Message VPN, Queues, Topics, Direct Messaging, Persistent Messaging
Messaging Models Point-to-Point, Publish-Subscribe, Request-Reply, Fanout, Hierarchical Topics
Core APIs Solace Java API, JMS API, MQTT, AMQP, REST Messaging
Basic Administration CLI Basics, PubSub+ Manager, Message VPN Setup, Queue Creation, Topic Subscription
Message Types Direct Message, Guaranteed Message, Binary Payload, Text Payload, Map Payload
Connectivity Options TCP, WebSocket, HTTP/REST, AMQP, MQTT
Basic Security Authentication, Client Username, Password, Client Profile, ACL Profiles
Monitoring Fundamentals CLI Monitoring, PubSub+ Manager Dashboard, Stats, Message Rate, Connection Status
Getting Started Use Cases Event Notification, IoT Messaging, Logging, Simple Request-Reply, Microservices Communication
Intermediate Guaranteed Messaging Queue Configuration, Persistence, Message Spooling, Dead Message Queue (DMQ), Message Redelivery
Session & Flow Management Sessions, Flows, Window Sizes, Ack Handling, Replay Strategies
Advanced Topic Routing Topic Hierarchies, Wildcards, Subscription Matching, Dynamic Subscriptions, Filtering
Transactions Local Transactions, XA Transactions, JMS Transactions, Commit & Rollback, Redelivery Handling
Solace APIs Deep Dive Solace JMS, Solace Java, Solace .NET, Solace Node.js, Solace Python
Security (Intermediate) TLS Setup, Client Certificates, Role-based Access, VPN-level Security, Audit Logs
Replay & Persistence Message Replay, Time-based Replay, Sequence Replay, Store & Forward, Use Cases
HA Basics Primary-Backup-PMonitor Model, Redundancy Groups, Failover, Config Sync, Warm Standby
Monitoring & Alerts Event Logs, Alarms, Syslog Integration, SNMP Monitoring, Alerts Setup
Integration Basics Solace + JMS, Solace + Spring, Solace + Kafka Connector, Solace + MuleSoft, Solace + Boomi
Advanced Solace Event Mesh Concept of Event Mesh, Multi-Region Brokers, Topic Routing Across Regions, Cloud-Native Deployment, Event Distribution
Scaling & Performance Horizontal Scaling, Vertical Scaling, Load Balancing, Message Throttling, Tuning
Advanced Security OAuth 2.0 Integration, SAML, LDAP Integration, Client Authentication Strategies, Token-based Security
Cloud & Hybrid Deployment PubSub+ Cloud, Hybrid Model, Multi-Cloud Event Mesh, AWS/Azure/GCP Integration, Containerized Solace
Advanced Monitoring SEMP API, Prometheus Integration, Grafana Dashboards, OpenTelemetry, Tracing
Streaming & Replay Solace Replay Service, Kafka-style Replay, Hybrid Streaming, Consumer Replay APIs, Use Cases
Multi-Protocol Bridging Bridging MQTT ↔ AMQP, REST ↔ JMS, Kafka ↔ Solace, Cross-protocol Routing, Event Translation
Solace with Microservices Event-driven Microservices, Async API (OpenAPI + Solace), Choreography, Saga Pattern, Reactive Integration
Performance Optimization Window Sizing, Flow Control, Consumer Scaling, Guaranteed Delivery Optimization, High-throughput Tuning
Testing & Debugging CLI Debugging, API Tracing, Replay Testing, Fault Injection, End-to-End Tests
Expert Enterprise Event Architecture Event Mesh Governance, Domain-driven Event Design, Event Taxonomy, Canonical Topics, Event Contracts
Global HA & DR Multi-Region HA, Disaster Recovery, Failover Testing, Replicated Data Centers, Latency Considerations
Observability & Tracing Distributed Tracing, End-to-End Correlation, OpenTelemetry Advanced, Service Mesh Integration, Event Replay Debugging
Event-driven Integration Solace + SAP, Solace + Salesforce, Solace + ServiceNow, Solace + Databricks, Solace + Snowflake
Regulatory & Compliance GDPR, PCI-DSS, HIPAA in Messaging, Data Retention, Audit Trails
Solace Internals Broker Internals, Core Persistence Engine, Message Routing Engine, Subscription Matching Engine, HA Synchronization
Cross-Domain Event Mesh Multi-business Unit Event Mesh, Cross-Region Routing, Partner Integrations, API Gateways, Legacy System Integration
Advanced Cloud-Native Patterns Kubernetes Operators, Solace on OpenShift, Service Mesh (Istio/Linkerd), Knative Eventing, Cloud-Native Security
Modern Architectures Event Sourcing with Solace, CQRS, Solace + Kafka Hybrid, Solace + GraphQL Subscriptions, Reactive Streams
Future Trends Event Mesh Evolution, Solace in AI/ML Workflows, Real-time Analytics, IoT at Scale, Event Marketplace

1. Solace Fundamentals & Architecture

  1. What is Solace PubSub+ and how does it differ from traditional messaging systems?
  2. Explain the role of a Message VPN in Solace.
  3. What are the key messaging patterns supported by Solace?
  4. Differentiate between direct messaging and guaranteed messaging in Solace.
  5. What is a Queue in Solace and how does it differ from a Topic?
  6. Explain how publish/subscribe works in Solace.
  7. What is a Client Profile and how is it used?
  8. Define Dead Message Queue (DMQ) in Solace.
  9. Explain how message persistence is achieved in Solace.
  10. What is a Durable Subscription?
  11. What is the difference between exclusive and non-exclusive queues?
  12. Explain Topic Hierarchies in Solace.
  13. How do wildcards work in Solace topic subscriptions?
  14. Define replay in Solace messaging.
  15. What are Solace event brokers and what types are available?
  16. Explain the role of Solace APIs (JMS, Java, REST, MQTT, AMQP).
  17. What is the difference between PubSub+ Broker and PubSub+ Cloud?
  18. Explain Request-Reply messaging in Solace.
  19. How does Solace support IoT use cases?
  20. What are Message Properties and how are they used?
  21. Define Fanout messaging pattern in Solace.
  22. What are the maximum limits for connections, queues, and topics in Solace?
  23. How does Solace handle message priority?
  24. Explain how messages are acknowledged in Solace.
  25. What is a Solace flow and why is it important?

2. Guaranteed Messaging & Reliability

  1. What is guaranteed messaging in Solace and how does it work?
  2. How does Solace ensure message delivery during broker failure?
  3. Explain how message spooling works in Solace.
  4. What is a Replay Queue and when is it used?
  5. How does Solace handle message redelivery?
  6. What are Ack Modes in Solace JMS and Solace Java APIs?
  7. Explain exactly-once delivery (EoD) in Solace.
  8. What is message TTL and how is it enforced?
  9. What is the difference between persistent and non-persistent messages?
  10. Explain the use of Solace Dead Message Queue (DMQ).
  11. What is flow control and why is it important?
  12. How does Solace prevent duplicate messages?
  13. What happens when a queue is full in Solace?
  14. How can you configure message replay in Solace?
  15. Explain XA transactions in Solace JMS.
  16. How does Solace support distributed transactions?
  17. What is the role of window size in guaranteed messaging?
  18. How does Solace handle poison messages?
  19. How do you implement retries in Solace?
  20. Explain how guaranteed message ordering is maintained.
  21. What is a non-persistent queue and when is it used?
  22. What are Active and Passive flows in Solace?
  23. Explain Solace Store and Forward mechanism.
  24. How does Solace support transaction rollbacks?
  25. What strategies exist for replaying messages in Solace?

3. Security & Access Control

  1. How does Solace handle client authentication?
  2. Explain how to configure TLS in Solace PubSub+.
  3. What is the difference between Client Profiles and ACL Profiles?
  4. How does Solace enforce topic-level security?
  5. Explain OAuth 2.0 integration with Solace.
  6. How does LDAP integrate with Solace for authentication?
  7. What are the common roles in Solace security model?
  8. What is a Client Certificate and how is it configured?
  9. How does Solace support encryption in transit?
  10. What is role-based access control (RBAC) in Solace?
  11. Explain how to restrict clients from publishing to certain topics.
  12. How are audit logs used in Solace security monitoring?
  13. What is SAML integration in Solace?
  14. How does Solace ensure secure cross-VPN messaging?
  15. What are trusted root certificates in Solace configuration?
  16. Explain token-based authentication in Solace.
  17. What are the steps to enable message-level encryption in Solace?
  18. How does Solace prevent denial-of-service (DoS) attacks?
  19. What is a secure session in Solace?
  20. Explain how ACL rules work in Solace.
  21. What are the limitations of Solace security in PubSub+ Cloud?
  22. How can you configure per-client rate limiting in Solace?
  23. What is TLS mutual authentication?
  24. How do you secure REST messaging in Solace?
  25. Explain best practices for securing Solace in a hybrid cloud environment.

4. High Availability (HA) & Disaster Recovery (DR)

  1. What is the HA architecture of Solace?
  2. Explain primary-standby monitoring in Solace HA.
  3. What are redundancy groups in Solace?
  4. How does message failover work in Solace?
  5. What is warm standby in Solace HA?
  6. What is the difference between HA and DR in Solace?
  7. How do you configure Solace HA in production?
  8. How does replication work between brokers?
  9. Explain Solace multi-zone deployment.
  10. What are fault domains in Solace?
  11. What is the failover recovery time in Solace HA?
  12. How does Solace ensure zero message loss in HA?
  13. Explain state synchronization in Solace HA.
  14. How does Solace support multi-region HA?
  15. What is an Active-Active deployment in Solace?
  16. Explain Solace?s role in business continuity planning.
  17. What is split-brain problem in Solace HA?
  18. How do you test HA failover in Solace?
  19. What are Solace HA monitoring tools?
  20. Explain DR strategies with Solace across data centers.
  21. How do you configure disaster recovery queues?
  22. What is message replication service (MRS) in Solace?
  23. How does latency affect HA and DR configurations?
  24. What are challenges in multi-cloud HA with Solace?
  25. What are the best practices for Solace HA/DR architecture?

5. APIs, Protocols & Integration

  1. What APIs does Solace provide for developers?
  2. How does Solace JMS differ from Solace Java API?
  3. Explain REST messaging with Solace.
  4. How does Solace support MQTT?
  5. Explain Solace AMQP integration.
  6. What is the difference between synchronous and asynchronous messaging in Solace APIs?
  7. How does Solace integrate with Spring Boot?
  8. What are Solace connectors and when are they used?
  9. Explain how Solace integrates with Apache Kafka.
  10. How does Solace support MuleSoft and Boomi integration?
  11. What is the role of AsyncAPI with Solace?
  12. How does Solace support Node.js and Python clients?
  13. What are the differences between Solace Cloud APIs and On-Prem APIs?
  14. Explain Solace PubSub+ Event Portal.
  15. How do you integrate Solace with ServiceNow?
  16. Explain how Solace supports Salesforce integration.
  17. What is the Solace connector for Databricks?
  18. How does Solace integrate with Snowflake?
  19. What is multi-protocol bridging in Solace?
  20. How do Solace APIs handle back pressure?
  21. What are Solace REST delivery points (RDPs)?
  22. Explain Kafka Connectors for Solace.
  23. How does Solace integrate with Kubernetes and OpenShift?
  24. What role does Solace play in microservice architectures?
  25. What are some real-world use cases of Solace API integrations?

6. Monitoring, Management & Observability

  1. What is Solace PubSub+ Manager?
  2. Explain Solace CLI usage for monitoring.
  3. What are common Solace monitoring KPIs?
  4. How does Solace log events and alerts?
  5. What is SEMP API in Solace?
  6. How does Solace integrate with Prometheus?
  7. Explain Grafana dashboards for Solace.
  8. How does Solace integrate with OpenTelemetry?
  9. What is Solace message tracing?
  10. Explain how to monitor HA health in Solace.
  11. How do you monitor message rates and throughput?
  12. What are client connection metrics in Solace?
  13. Explain Syslog integration with Solace.
  14. How do you set up alarms in Solace?
  15. What is the role of Event Logs in Solace monitoring?
  16. How do you troubleshoot latency issues in Solace?
  17. What is the difference between proactive and reactive monitoring in Solace?
  18. How does Solace integrate with Splunk?
  19. Explain how to use SEMPv2 for monitoring.
  20. What is fine-grained monitoring in Solace?
  21. How do you perform root cause analysis using Solace metrics?
  22. What are broker-level monitoring options?
  23. How do you test replay performance in Solace?
  24. What are monitoring best practices for Solace PubSub+?
  25. Explain end-to-end observability with Solace.

7. Advanced Use Cases & Architectures

  1. What is an Event Mesh and how does Solace support it?
  2. Explain Event-Driven Architecture (EDA) with Solace.
  3. What is Domain-Driven Event Design?
  4. How do you implement Event Taxonomy in Solace?
  5. What is Event Sourcing with Solace?
  6. Explain CQRS pattern using Solace.
  7. How does Solace support Saga pattern in microservices?
  8. What is Hybrid Cloud Event Mesh with Solace?
  9. How does Solace integrate with AI/ML workflows?
  10. Explain IoT at scale with Solace messaging.
  11. What are regulatory compliance considerations for Solace messaging?
  12. How does Solace support GDPR and HIPAA compliance?
  13. What is multi-cloud event routing in Solace?
  14. Explain service mesh integration with Solace.
  15. How does Solace enable real-time analytics?
  16. What are Event Contracts and why are they important?
  17. Explain Event Marketplace with Solace.
  18. What is advanced event replay across regions?
  19. How does Solace integrate with API Gateways?
  20. What are the challenges of designing enterprise-scale Event Mesh?
  21. How does Solace complement Apache Kafka?
  22. What is the difference between Solace Event Mesh and Kafka Clusters?
  23. How do you use AsyncAPI with Solace for design-first EDA?
  24. What future trends are shaping Solace Event Mesh adoption?
  25. Give an example of a real-world enterprise event-driven system using Solace.

#MQTT

MQTT
What Port does MQTT Normally Use?
Can you use MQTT without a broker?
What Protocol does MQTT use?
Can multiple clients publish to the same topic?
Is is possible to know the identity of the client that published a message?
What happens to messages that get published to topics that no one subscribes to?
How can I find out what topics have been published?
Can I subscribe to a topic that no one is publishing to?
Are messages stored on the broker?
What are retained messages?

20 October 2020

#Apache_Kafka

#Apache_Kafka
Level Subtopic Topics
Basic Kafka Fundamentals Kafka Overview, Event Streaming Basics, Use Cases, Kafka vs Traditional Messaging, Real-time Data Use Cases
Kafka Architecture Brokers, Topics, Partitions, Offsets, Producers, Consumers, Zookeeper
Installation & Setup Local Setup, Kafka CLI Tools, Cluster Setup Basics, Config Files, Zookeeper Setup
Producers & Consumers Producer API, Consumer API, Consumer Groups, Auto Offset Reset, Poll vs Subscribe
Topics & Partitions Creating Topics, Partitioning Basics, Replication Factor, Retention Policies, Log Segments
Data Flow Basics Write Path, Read Path, Publish-Subscribe, Message Ordering, Delivery Semantics
Serialization String Serializer, JSON, Avro Basics, Protobuf Intro, Schema Registry Intro
Kafka CLI & Tools kafka-topics.sh, kafka-console-producer.sh, kafka-console-consumer.sh, kafka-consumer-groups.sh, kafka-configs.sh
Monitoring Basics JMX Basics, Kafka Metrics, Producer/Consumer Lag, Simple Dashboards, Logs
Common Use Cases Messaging Queue, Log Aggregation, Stream Processing Intro, Microservices Integration, Event Sourcing
Intermediate Kafka Producers (Advanced) Idempotent Producers, Delivery Guarantees, Batching, Compression, Retry/ACK Configs
Kafka Consumers (Advanced) Rebalancing, Static Group Membership, Partition Assignment, Offset Management, Consumer Lag Analysis
Kafka Streams API Stream Processing, KStream vs KTable, Stateless Ops, Stateful Ops, Windowing
Kafka Connect Connectors Intro, Source vs Sink, JDBC Connector, File Connector, REST API
Schema Management Confluent Schema Registry, Backward/Forward Compatibility, Versioning, Schema Evolution, Validation
Security Basics SSL, SASL, Authentication, Authorization, ACLs
Multi-Cluster Setup MirrorMaker, Cluster Linking, Replication Across DCs, DR Basics, Active-Passive Setup
Scaling Kafka Horizontal Scaling, Partition Strategies, Broker Scaling, Data Distribution, Rack Awareness
Reliability & Durability Replication, Min In-Sync Replicas, Acknowledgments, Unclean Leader Election, ISR Management
Monitoring & Alerting Kafka Manager, Burrow, Consumer Lag Monitoring, Grafana + Prometheus, Alerts Setup
Advanced Kafka Streams Advanced Joins, Aggregations, Session Windows, Interactive Queries, Fault Tolerance
Transactions in Kafka Exactly Once Semantics, Transactions API, Producer Transactions, Consumer Transactions, Use Cases
Kafka Connect Advanced Custom Connectors, SMT (Single Message Transform), Distributed Mode, Error Handling, Scaling Connect
Performance Tuning Producer Tuning, Consumer Tuning, Broker Configs, OS Tuning, GC Optimization
Reliability Engineering End-to-End Exactly Once, Data Guarantees, Message Ordering Guarantees, Log Compaction, Recovery Mechanisms
Security Advanced Kerberos, Role-Based Access Control, Audit Logs, Secret Management, Enterprise Security
Storage & Log Management Log Segments, Index Files, Compaction, Tiered Storage, Retention Strategies
Cloud & Managed Kafka Confluent Cloud, AWS MSK, Azure Event Hubs, GCP Pub/Sub vs Kafka, Hybrid Deployments
Integrations Kafka + Spark, Kafka + Flink, Kafka + Hadoop, Kafka + Cassandra, Kafka + Elasticsearch
High Availability Broker Failover, Controller Failover, Zookeeper Failover, Multi-Cluster HA, Zero Data Loss Strategies
Expert Kafka Internals Broker Internals, Partition Leader Election, Controller Role, Metadata Quorum (KRaft), Replica Fetching
Zookeeper & KRaft Zookeeper Deep Dive, ZK Failures, Migration to KRaft, Metadata Management, Quorum Replication
Large Scale Deployments Multi-Region Kafka, Cross-Data Center Replication, 1000+ Brokers, Petabyte Scale, Global Kafka
Governance & Compliance GDPR Compliance, Data Retention Governance, Access Policies, Data Lineage, Auditing
Custom Development Custom Partitioner, Custom Serializer/Deserializer, Custom Connectors, Custom Streams Processor, Extensions
Enterprise Integrations Kafka + Microservices, Kafka + API Gateways, Kafka + Service Mesh, Kafka + ERP/CRM, Legacy Systems Integration
Disaster Recovery & Backup Cross-Cluster Replication, Snapshotting, Recovery Testing, RPO/RTO, Backup Strategies
Observability Distributed Tracing, OpenTelemetry, Logs + Metrics + Traces Integration, Advanced Lag Analysis, Chaos Testing
Kafka with Containers & K8s Kafka on Docker, Strimzi Operator, Helm Charts, StatefulSets, Multi-Tenant Clusters
Future & Trends KIP (Kafka Improvement Proposals), KRaft Evolution, Tiered Storage Future, Unified APIs, Kafka Beyond Messaging

1. Kafka Fundamentals

  1. What is Apache Kafka and why is it used?
  2. Explain the difference between Kafka and traditional message brokers.
  3. What are Kafka Producers, Consumers, and Brokers?
  4. Define a Kafka Topic and Partition.
  5. How does Kafka achieve fault tolerance?
  6. What is a Kafka Cluster?
  7. Explain Zookeeper?s role in Kafka (before KRaft).
  8. What is KRaft mode in Kafka?
  9. What is the difference between Kafka and RabbitMQ?
  10. Explain Kafka?s publish-subscribe model.
  11. What is a Consumer Group in Kafka?
  12. How does Kafka handle backpressure?
  13. What are Kafka Offsets?
  14. How does Kafka achieve high throughput?
  15. What is the retention policy in Kafka?
  16. Explain the difference between at-most-once, at-least-once, and exactly-once delivery semantics.
  17. What is a Kafka Record?
  18. How does Kafka handle ordering of messages?
  19. What are the key components of Kafka Architecture?
  20. What is the role of a Kafka Controller?
  21. Explain Kafka log compaction.
  22. How does Kafka compare with AWS Kinesis?
  23. What is a Kafka ISR (In-Sync Replica)?
  24. Why is Kafka considered a distributed streaming platform?
  25. What are some real-world use cases of Kafka?

2. Kafka Producers

  1. What is a Kafka Producer?
  2. How does a producer decide which partition to send a message to?
  3. Explain Kafka producer acks setting (0, 1, all).
  4. What is Kafka Producer batching?
  5. How does Kafka handle producer retries?
  6. What is idempotent producer in Kafka?
  7. Explain the difference between synchronous and asynchronous send.
  8. What is producer linger.ms setting?
  9. How does compression work in Kafka producers?
  10. What is the purpose of key.serializer and value.serializer?
  11. How can producers ensure message ordering?
  12. What is max.in.flight.requests.per.connection setting?
  13. How does Kafka ensure durability of producer messages?
  14. Explain transactional producers in Kafka.
  15. What is the role of partitioner class in Kafka?
  16. What are producer interceptors?
  17. How does buffer.memory impact producers?
  18. What is the significance of request.timeout.ms?
  19. How does producer throughput tuning work?
  20. What is a delivery.timeout.ms parameter?
  21. How does Kafka producer handle network failures?
  22. Explain the difference between send() and flush().
  23. What is a Kafka producer callback?
  24. How to configure producer for low latency vs high throughput?
  25. What are common producer-related errors and how to handle them?

3. Kafka Consumers

  1. What is a Kafka Consumer?
  2. Explain Consumer Groups.
  3. How does Kafka handle load balancing across consumers?
  4. What is consumer rebalancing?
  5. How are offsets managed in Kafka?
  6. What is auto.offset.reset and its options?
  7. Explain enable.auto.commit in Kafka.
  8. What happens when a consumer in a group fails?
  9. How does Kafka ensure at-least-once delivery for consumers?
  10. What is the difference between KafkaConsumer and High-Level Consumer API?
  11. Explain how consumers poll records from Kafka.
  12. What is max.poll.records in Kafka consumer?
  13. How to handle consumer lag?
  14. What are partition assignment strategies in Kafka?
  15. What is cooperative rebalancing?
  16. How does Kafka consumer ensure fault tolerance?
  17. Explain sticky partition assignment.
  18. How to manually commit offsets in Kafka?
  19. What happens if a consumer crashes after processing but before committing offset?
  20. How does consumer heartbeat mechanism work?
  21. What is session.timeout.ms in consumers?
  22. Explain max.poll.interval.ms in consumer configs.
  23. How does Kafka handle slow consumers?
  24. What are common consumer-related errors and fixes?
  25. How does Kafka consumer handle deserialization errors?

4. Kafka Topics & Partitions

  1. What is a Kafka Topic?
  2. Explain Kafka partitioning and its benefits.
  3. How does Kafka ensure ordering within a partition?
  4. What factors determine the number of partitions?
  5. How to increase the number of partitions for a topic?
  6. Can we decrease partitions in Kafka? Why or why not?
  7. What is partition reassignment?
  8. Explain Kafka topic replication.
  9. How does replication factor impact availability?
  10. What is leader and follower partition?
  11. How does Kafka elect a new leader partition?
  12. Explain partition skew problem.
  13. How to monitor partition distribution across brokers?
  14. What is topic retention period?
  15. Difference between delete and compact cleanup policy.
  16. What is minimum.insync.replicas?
  17. How does Kafka store topic data on disk?
  18. How do partitions affect throughput?
  19. Explain how replication ensures fault tolerance.
  20. What is rack awareness in Kafka?
  21. How do you create a topic using CLI?
  22. How to delete a topic safely in Kafka?
  23. What happens if replication factor > number of brokers?
  24. How does Kafka handle leader unavailability?
  25. How to optimize partition assignment strategy?

5. Kafka Streams & Connect

  1. What is Kafka Streams API?
  2. Difference between Kafka Streams and Spark Streaming.
  3. What is a KStream vs KTable?
  4. Explain Kafka GlobalKTable.
  5. How does Kafka Streams ensure fault tolerance?
  6. What is stateful vs stateless processing?
  7. Explain changelog topics in Kafka Streams.
  8. How does windowing work in Kafka Streams?
  9. What are stream processors and topologies?
  10. What is a repartition topic?
  11. Explain the role of RocksDB in Kafka Streams.
  12. How does Kafka Streams achieve exactly-once semantics?
  13. What is Kafka Connect?
  14. Difference between source connector and sink connector.
  15. Examples of commonly used Kafka connectors.
  16. How does Kafka Connect handle data transformations?
  17. What is single message transform (SMT)?
  18. How does Connect ensure data consistency?
  19. Explain standalone vs distributed mode in Kafka Connect.
  20. How does offset storage work in Kafka Connect?
  21. What are common challenges in Kafka Connect?
  22. How does error handling work in Kafka Connect?
  23. Explain dead letter queues in Connect.
  24. How do you scale Kafka Connect workers?
  25. What are best practices for Kafka Streams deployments?

6. Kafka Security

  1. What security features does Kafka provide?
  2. Explain SSL/TLS encryption in Kafka.
  3. How does SASL authentication work in Kafka?
  4. What is Kerberos authentication in Kafka?
  5. Explain SCRAM mechanism in Kafka.
  6. How to configure Kafka for client authentication?
  7. What is role-based access control (RBAC) in Kafka?
  8. Explain ACLs in Kafka.
  9. How to grant permissions for a topic in Kafka?
  10. What is the difference between PLAINTEXT and SASL_SSL protocols?
  11. How to secure inter-broker communication?
  12. Explain how to encrypt data at rest in Kafka.
  13. What is quota management in Kafka?
  14. How to secure Zookeeper in Kafka (pre-KRaft)?
  15. What is delegation token authentication?
  16. How does Kafka handle audit logging?
  17. What are common misconfigurations in Kafka security?
  18. How does Kafka support multi-tenant security?
  19. Explain SSL handshake in Kafka communication.
  20. What is the impact of enabling security on performance?
  21. How to rotate credentials in Kafka?
  22. Explain best practices for securing Kafka clusters.
  23. How does OAuth2 authentication work in Kafka?
  24. What is a principal in Kafka security?
  25. How to troubleshoot authentication failures?

7. Kafka Administration & Monitoring

  1. How do you install and configure Kafka?
  2. What is the role of Zookeeper in cluster management?
  3. How does KRaft mode replace Zookeeper?
  4. Explain Kafka cluster scaling.
  5. What are key metrics to monitor in Kafka?
  6. What tools are available for Kafka monitoring?
  7. How to monitor consumer lag?
  8. What is JMX in Kafka monitoring?
  9. How does Kafka Manager (or CMAK) help in admin tasks?
  10. What is Cruise Control in Kafka?
  11. How to balance partitions across brokers?
  12. Explain Kafka cluster upgrade process.
  13. How to recover from a broker failure?
  14. What is broker.id in Kafka config?
  15. How to configure Kafka logs retention and cleanup?
  16. How to perform rolling restarts in Kafka?
  17. What are log segments in Kafka?
  18. Explain the role of controller quorum in KRaft.
  19. How to handle Kafka disk failures?
  20. How to backup and restore Kafka topics?
  21. How does Kafka handle broker decommissioning?
  22. What is preferred replica election?
  23. How to configure Kafka for high availability?
  24. Explain monitoring of producer/consumer throughput.
  25. What are common operational challenges in Kafka clusters?

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