13 September 2025

#AI Frameworks

#AI Frameworks

Key Concepts


S.No Topic Sub-Topics
1AI FrameworksDefinition, Types, Importance, Applications, Industry trends
2TensorFlow OverviewInstallation, Architecture, Graphs & Sessions, Tensors, Use cases
3TensorFlow BasicsConstants & Variables, Operations, Data pipelines, Gradient computation, Optimizers
4PyTorch OverviewInstallation, Tensors, Autograd, Modules, Applications
5PyTorch BasicsTensor operations, Neural networks, Loss functions, Optimizers, Training loop
6Keras OverviewInstallation, Sequential & Functional API, Layers, Optimizers, Callbacks
7Keras Model BuildingSequential model, Functional API, Model compilation, Training, Evaluation
8Scikit-learn OverviewInstallation, Preprocessing, Supervised learning, Unsupervised learning, Evaluation metrics
9Scikit-learn Model BuildingClassification, Regression, Clustering, Feature selection, Hyperparameter tuning
10Caffe FrameworkInstallation, Architecture, Layers, Model training, Deployment
11MXNet FrameworkInstallation, NDArray, Symbolic API, Gluon API, Deployment
12Theano FrameworkInstallation, Symbolic computation, Tensors, Optimizations, Limitations
13ONNX FrameworkOverview, Model interoperability, Export & Import, Integration, Applications
14Hugging Face TransformersInstallation, Pretrained models, Tokenizers, Fine-tuning, Applications
15Fastai FrameworkInstallation, Data blocks, Model creation, Training, Transfer learning
16OpenCV for AIInstallation, Image processing, Video processing, Computer vision models, Integration
17DeepSpeech FrameworkInstallation, Speech recognition, Training models, Inference, Applications
18Reinforcement Learning FrameworksOpenAI Gym, Stable Baselines, RLlib, Training agents, Use cases
19Explainable AI (XAI) FrameworksLIME, SHAP, InterpretML, Use cases, Integration
20AutoML FrameworksTPOT, AutoKeras, H2O.ai, Features, Model selection
21MLflow FrameworkExperiment tracking, Model registry, Deployment, Integration, Use cases
22Ray & Ray TuneInstallation, Distributed computing, Hyperparameter tuning, Integration, Examples
23AI Frameworks for NLPTransformers, SpaCy, NLTK, Gensim, Hugging Face
24AI Frameworks for Computer VisionOpenCV, TensorFlow CV, PyTorch CV, Detectron2, YOLO
25AI Frameworks for Reinforcement LearningOpenAI Gym, Stable Baselines, RLlib, Dopamine, Unity ML-Agents
26AI Frameworks for Speech RecognitionDeepSpeech, SpeechBrain, wav2vec, ESPnet, Integration
27Deployment of AI ModelsTensorFlow Serving, TorchServe, ONNX Runtime, Flask API, Cloud deployment
28Performance OptimizationGPU/TPU usage, Mixed precision, Quantization, Pruning, Profiling
29Integration with Cloud PlatformsAWS Sagemaker, GCP AI Platform, Azure ML, Deployment, Monitoring
30Future Trends in AI FrameworksMultimodal models, AutoML, Distributed AI, Edge AI, Research directions

Interview question

Basic

  1. What is an AI framework?
  2. Name three popular AI frameworks.
  3. What is TensorFlow used for?
  4. What is PyTorch used for?
  5. What is the difference between AI and ML?
  6. What is a neural network?
  7. What is a model checkpoint?
  8. What is the purpose of GPU in AI training?
  9. What is a dataset in machine learning?
  10. What are model parameters?
  11. What is an activation function?
  12. What is a tensor?
  13. What is Keras?
  14. What is ONNX?
  15. What is Scikit‑Learn used for?
  16. What is gradient descent?
  17. What is backpropagation?
  18. What is a loss function?
  19. What is a learning rate?
  20. What is the role of frameworks in AI development?
  21. What is a pre‑trained model?
  22. What is transfer learning?
  23. What is the purpose of a training loop?
  24. What is batch size?
  25. What is model evaluation?

Intermediate

  1. What are the advantages of TensorFlow over other frameworks?
  2. What is the difference between TensorFlow 1.x and 2.x?
  3. How does PyTorch differ from TensorFlow?
  4. What is eager execution?
  5. What is a computational graph?
  6. What is the role of CUDA in deep learning frameworks?
  7. What is a data loader in PyTorch?
  8. What are callbacks in TensorFlow/Keras?
  9. What is model serialization?
  10. What is ONNX Runtime?
  11. What is JAX, and why is it used?
  12. What are optimizers in AI frameworks?
  13. What is a custom layer in deep learning frameworks?
  14. What is the purpose of model profiling?
  15. What is quantization?
  16. What is pruning in deep learning models?
  17. What is mixed‑precision training?
  18. What is distributed training?
  19. What is a CNN framework?
  20. What is Hugging Face Transformers?
  21. What is the tokenization process?
  22. What is a graph neural network (GNN)?
  23. What is AutoML?
  24. What is MLflow?
  25. What is the difference between CPU, GPU, and TPU acceleration?

Advanced

  1. What is the architecture of TensorFlow?
  2. What is PyTorch Lightning?
  3. What is DeepSpeed used for?
  4. What is model parallelism?
  5. What is data parallelism?
  6. What is parameter server architecture?
  7. What is XLA compiler in TensorFlow?
  8. What is JIT compilation in PyTorch (TorchScript)?
  9. Explain the purpose of ONNX graph optimization.
  10. What is Ray for ML workflows?
  11. What is quantization‑aware training?
  12. Explain reinforcement learning frameworks.
  13. What is RLlib?
  14. What is TensorRT used for?
  15. Explain pipeline parallelism.
  16. What are attention mechanisms in deep learning?
  17. What is a transformer architecture?
  18. What are autoencoders?
  19. What is GAN framework support in PyTorch/TensorFlow?
  20. How does Hugging Face accelerate model training?
  21. What is LORA fine‑tuning?
  22. Explain the concept of embeddings.
  23. What is vectorization in deep learning frameworks?
  24. What is graph execution mode in TensorFlow?
  25. What is zero‑redundancy optimization (ZeRO)?

Expert

  1. How do large‑scale LLM training frameworks differ?
  2. What are limitations of TensorFlow for large‑scale systems?
  3. Explain the architecture of PyTorch Distributed.
  4. What are expert‑parallel models?
  5. Explain Mixture‑of‑Experts (MoE) frameworks.
  6. What is the role of compilers like TVM in AI pipelines?
  7. How do frameworks optimize memory usage during training?
  8. Explain the training stack for 10B+ parameter models.
  9. What is the role of Triton in GPU kernel optimization?
  10. How do AI frameworks handle fault tolerance?
  11. Explain advanced quantization (4‑bit, 2‑bit) in frameworks.
  12. What is FlashAttention, and how do frameworks implement it?
  13. Explain multi‑modal model framework design.
  14. How do frameworks support real‑time inference at scale?
  15. What is distributed checkpointing?
  16. How do frameworks integrate with vector databases?
  17. What is the role of inference runtimes like vLLM?
  18. Explain speculative decoding frameworks.
  19. What is JAX Pallas?
  20. Explain kernel fusion in deep learning frameworks.
  21. What is asynchronous pipeline execution?
  22. What architectural choices impact framework scalability?
  23. How do frameworks support 3D parallelism?
  24. Explain RLHF training stack support in AI frameworks.
  25. How are custom DSLs used in modern AI frameworks?


Related Topics


   AI Roles   
   LLM Frameworks   
   Agentic / Autonomous Agents   
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   Deep Learning   
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   NLP   
   RAG   
   Computer Vision   
   Vector Databases