13 September 2025

#LLM

#LLM Frameworks

Key Concepts


S.No Topic Sub-Topics
1Introduction to LLM FrameworksDefinition, Importance, Applications, Types of LLMs, Industry trends
2Overview of Large Language ModelsGPT, BERT, LLaMA, PaLM, Key concepts
3Transformers ArchitectureAttention mechanism, Encoder-decoder, Self-attention, Multi-head attention, Positional encoding
4Tokenization TechniquesWordPiece, Byte-Pair Encoding, SentencePiece, Tokenization libraries, Preprocessing
5Embedding RepresentationsWord embeddings, Contextual embeddings, Positional embeddings, Dimensionality, Fine-tuning
6Pretrained Models & FrameworksHugging Face, OpenAI GPT, Cohere, Meta LLaMA, Integration
7Fine-tuning LLMsSupervised fine-tuning, Parameter-efficient tuning, LoRA, PEFT, Evaluation
8Prompt EngineeringPrompt design, Zero-shot, Few-shot, Chain-of-thought, Best practices
9LLM Training PipelinesData preprocessing, Dataset curation, Training loop, Checkpointing, Monitoring
10Inference OptimizationQuantization, Pruning, Mixed precision, Batch inference, Latency optimization
11Evaluation MetricsPerplexity, BLEU, ROUGE, Accuracy, Human evaluation
12LLM Frameworks ComparisonHugging Face, OpenAI, Cohere, Meta LLaMA, LangChain integration
13Integration with APIsREST API, SDKs, Streaming, Rate limiting, Authentication
14Vector Databases & LLMsPinecone, Weaviate, Milvus, FAISS, Embedding storage
15LangChain FrameworkChains, Agents, Memory, Tools, Integrations
16RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation)Definition, Pipelines, Vector search, Integration with LLMs, Applications
17LLM for NLP TasksText classification, Summarization, NER, QA systems, Sentiment analysis
18LLM for Code GenerationCode understanding, Generation, Auto-completion, Evaluation, Tools
19Multi-modal LLMsText-to-image, Text-to-speech, Vision-language models, Applications, Frameworks
20LLM Deployment StrategiesCloud deployment, On-premise deployment, Edge deployment, Monitoring, Scaling
21LLM Security & PrivacyData privacy, Model watermarking, Access control, Compliance, Threats
22Prompt Tuning & Instruction TuningSoft prompts, Instruction datasets, Fine-tuning strategies, Evaluation, Best practices
23RLHF (Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback)Concept, Training pipeline, Reward model, Applications, Challenges
24Open-source LLM FrameworksHugging Face, LLaMA, Falcon, MPT, Integration tools
25LLM in Chatbots & Virtual AssistantsConversation design, Context handling, Multi-turn dialogue, Personalization, Evaluation
26Monitoring LLMs in ProductionLogging, Metrics, Drift detection, Alerting, Performance tracking
27Cost Optimization in LLM UsageCompute optimization, Model selection, Batch inference, Quantization, Cloud cost management
28Ethics & Bias in LLMsBias detection, Fairness, Mitigation strategies, Responsible AI, Regulatory compliance
29Future Trends in LLM FrameworksMultilingual models, Model scaling, Efficiency improvements, AGI research, Emerging frameworks
30Career Path & LLM OpportunitiesLLM engineer, Researcher, AI consultant, Skill development, Industry roles

Interview question

🟢 Basic Level

  1. What is a Large Language Model (LLM)?
  2. What is a language model?
  3. Difference between AI, ML, NLP, and LLMs.
  4. What is a token in an LLM?
  5. What is tokenization?
  6. What is vocabulary in an LLM?
  7. What is a transformer model?
  8. What is a parameter in an LLM?
  9. What is a hidden layer?
  10. What is a neural network?
  11. What is an embedding?
  12. What is pre-training?
  13. What is fine-tuning?
  14. What is prompt?
  15. What is context length?
  16. What is inference in LLMs?
  17. What is temperature in decoding?
  18. What is top-k sampling?
  19. What is top-p (nucleus) sampling?
  20. What is greedy decoding?
  21. What is beam search?
  22. What is hallucination in LLMs?
  23. What is a checkpoint?
  24. What is a causal language model?
  25. Difference between encoder, decoder, and encoder-decoder models.

🟡 Intermediate Level

  1. Explain self-attention.
  2. What is multi-head attention?
  3. What is positional encoding?
  4. What is layer normalization?
  5. What is a transformer block?
  6. What is masked self-attention?
  7. What is cross-attention?
  8. What is sequence-to-sequence modeling?
  9. What is model perplexity?
  10. What is loss function in LLM training?
  11. What is gradient descent?
  12. What is batch size?
  13. What is a learning rate?
  14. What is distributed training?
  15. What is transfer learning in LLMs?
  16. What is instruction tuning?
  17. What is SFT (Supervised Fine-Tuning)?
  18. What is RLHF (Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback)?
  19. What is reward modeling?
  20. What is a system prompt?
  21. What are attention masks?
  22. What is a tokenizer vocabulary size?
  23. What is quantization in LLMs?
  24. What is model pruning?
  25. What is LoRA (Low-Rank Adaptation)?

🔵 Advanced Level

  1. Explain the transformer architecture from end to end.
  2. What is KV cache?
  3. What is rotary positional embedding (RoPE)?
  4. What is ALiBi?
  5. What is FlashAttention?
  6. What are Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models?
  7. What is a gating network in MoE?
  8. What is gradient checkpointing?
  9. What is pipeline parallelism?
  10. Difference between tensor parallelism and data parallelism.
  11. What is sequence parallelism?
  12. What is speculative decoding?
  13. What is parallel decoding?
  14. What is lookahead decoding?
  15. What is a synthetic dataset for LLM training?
  16. How do you evaluate LLM safety?
  17. What is a benchmark dataset for LLMs?
  18. What is prompt injection attack?
  19. What is jailbreak in LLMs?
  20. What is adversarial prompting?
  21. What is retrieval-augmented generation (RAG)?
  22. What is a vector database?
  23. What are embeddings used for in RAG?
  24. What is chunking in RAG pipelines?
  25. How is latency reduced during LLM inference?

🔴 Expert Level

  1. What is reinforcement learning with AI feedback (RLAIF)?
  2. What is a self-supervised training objective?
  3. What is next-token prediction?
  4. What is masked language modeling (MLM)?
  5. What is contrastive learning in LLMs?
  6. What is alignment in AI systems?
  7. What is constitutional AI?
  8. What are safety guardrails in LLMs?
  9. Explain the architecture of GPT-style models.
  10. Explain the architecture of BERT-style models.
  11. Difference between decoder-only, encoder-only, encoder-decoder LLMs.
  12. What is multimodal LLM?
  13. What is vision-language pretraining?
  14. Explain why LLMs need huge compute resources.
  15. What is a sparse attention mechanism?
  16. What are multi-query attention models?
  17. What is inference optimization using quantized kernels?
  18. What is distillation for LLMs?
  19. What is agentic AI?
  20. What is tool-use capability in LLMs?
  21. What is memory-based agent architecture?
  22. What is the future of LLM scaling laws?
  23. What are responsible AI principles for LLMs?
  24. How do you secure LLMs against data poisoning?
  25. What are emerging research areas in LLMs?


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