#Gradle

Last updated    - V6 (17-Sep-2025)

Key Concepts

Topic	Sub-Topics	Basic	Intermediate	Advanced	Expert
Introduction to Gradle	What is Gradle, History of Gradle, Maven vs Gradle, Ant vs Gradle, Advantages	✅
Gradle Build Lifecycle	Tasks, Phases, Execution Model, Incremental Build, Task Dependencies	✅	✅
Gradle Wrapper	What is Wrapper, Creating Wrapper, Using Wrapper, Advantages of Wrapper	✅	✅
Gradle Build Scripts	build.gradle, settings.gradle, init.gradle, Script Blocks, Plugins	✅	✅
Gradle Plugins	Core Plugins, Java Plugin, Application Plugin, War Plugin, Custom Plugins		✅	✅
Dependency Management	Repositories (MavenCentral, JCenter, Ivy), Dependency Configurations, Exclusions	✅	✅	✅
Gradle Tasks	Defining Tasks, Default Tasks, Task Graph, Task Ordering, Custom Task Types	✅	✅	✅
Multi-Project Builds	Settings.gradle for Multi-Projects, Subprojects, Dependency Between Projects		✅	✅	✅
Gradle DSL	Groovy DSL, Kotlin DSL, Differences, When to Use		✅	✅	✅
Custom Plugins	Writing Custom Plugins, Applying Custom Plugins, Publishing Plugins			✅	✅
Gradle Performance	Build Cache, Parallel Builds, Configuration On Demand, Daemon, Profiling		✅	✅	✅
Gradle with Java Projects	Java Plugin, SourceSets, Test Configuration, JAR Tasks, Application Plugin	✅	✅	✅
Gradle with Web Projects	War Plugin, Ear Plugin, Spring Boot Plugin, Web Dependency Management		✅	✅	✅
Gradle and Testing	JUnit/TestNG Integration, Test Logging, Test Filtering, Code Coverage (Jacoco)	✅	✅	✅
Gradle and CI/CD	Integration with Jenkins, GitHub Actions, GitLab CI, Docker, Kubernetes		✅	✅	✅
Gradle Publishing	Publishing to Maven Repository, Ivy Repository, Artifactory, Nexus		✅	✅	✅
Gradle Advanced Scripting	Custom DSL Extensions, Script Reuse, Convention Plugins, BuildSrc			✅	✅
Gradle API & Internals	Gradle API Overview, Task API, Project API, Configuration API			✅	✅
Gradle Troubleshooting	Debugging Builds, Logging, Stacktraces, Common Errors	✅	✅	✅
Gradle Best Practices	Build Optimization, Dependency Locking, Version Catalogs, Modularization		✅	✅	✅

Interview question

1. Introduction to Gradle

1. What is Gradle, and why is it used?
2. How is Gradle different from Maven and Ant?
3. Explain the advantages of Gradle over other build tools.
4. What languages can be used for writing Gradle build scripts?
5. What is the role of Groovy in Gradle?
6. Can Gradle build scripts be written in Kotlin?
7. What is the significance of build.gradle file?
8. Explain the difference between build.gradle and settings.gradle.
9. What is the init.gradle file used for?
10. How do you execute a Gradle build?
11. Explain the default tasks in Gradle.
12. What is Gradle?s daemon, and why is it used?
13. How does Gradle provide incremental builds?
14. What are the limitations of Gradle?
15. How does Gradle manage backward compatibility?
16. What is a Gradle script block?
17. What is Gradle?s execution model?
18. How does Gradle support polyglot builds?
19. What is the role of the Gradle Tooling API?
20. Can Gradle be used without installing it manually?

---

2. Gradle Build Lifecycle

1. What are the three main phases of the Gradle build lifecycle?
2. Explain the initialization phase in Gradle.
3. What happens during the configuration phase?
4. What is executed in the execution phase?
5. What are Gradle tasks?
6. How can you list all available tasks in a Gradle project?
7. What is a task dependency in Gradle?
8. How do you define a custom task in Gradle?
9. Explain the difference between dependsOn and mustRunAfter.
10. How do you define default tasks in Gradle?
11. What are up-to-date checks in Gradle?
12. How do you skip tasks in Gradle?
13. Explain task ordering in Gradle.
14. What is the purpose of the finalizedBy keyword?
15. How can you configure a task dynamically?
16. What is the difference between task graph and task execution?
17. How can you run multiple tasks in Gradle?
18. What is the use of gradle.projectsEvaluated hook?
19. How do you create incremental tasks in Gradle?
20. What is task avoidance API in Gradle?

---

3. Gradle Wrapper

1. What is the Gradle Wrapper?
2. What are the advantages of using the Gradle Wrapper?
3. How do you generate a Gradle Wrapper?
4. What files are created when you run gradle wrapper?
5. What is the role of gradlew and gradlew.bat files?
6. How does the Gradle Wrapper download the required distribution?
7. Can the Gradle Wrapper work offline?
8. How do you upgrade Gradle using the Wrapper?
9. What is the difference between gradle and ./gradlew?
10. How do you ensure all team members use the same Gradle version?
11. How does the Wrapper handle different Gradle versions?
12. Where is the Gradle distribution downloaded?
13. How can you verify the Gradle Wrapper version?
14. Can you customize the Wrapper properties?
15. What is the gradle-wrapper.jar file?
16. What happens if the wrapper JAR is missing?
17. How do you regenerate the wrapper JAR file?
18. Can you define a custom Gradle distribution URL?
19. Is it recommended to commit Gradle Wrapper files to VCS?
20. What are common issues faced with Gradle Wrapper?

---

4. Dependency Management

1. What is dependency management in Gradle?
2. What are repositories in Gradle?
3. Difference between mavenCentral(), jcenter(), and google()?
4. How do you declare dependencies in Gradle?
5. What are dependency configurations?
6. Explain implementation, api, compileOnly, runtimeOnly.
7. What is transitive dependency in Gradle?
8. How do you exclude a transitive dependency?
9. How do you define project dependencies in Gradle?
10. What is dependency resolution strategy?
11. How do you check all dependencies in a Gradle project?
12. What is dependency conflict resolution in Gradle?
13. How do you force a specific dependency version?
14. What is the difference between dynamic and fixed versions?
15. How does Gradle handle version ranges?
16. What is dependency locking in Gradle?
17. How can you manage external vs local dependencies?
18. How do you configure custom repositories in Gradle?
19. What is a flatDir repository in Gradle?
20. How do you troubleshoot dependency resolution errors?

---

5. Gradle Plugins

1. What are plugins in Gradle?
2. Difference between core, community, and custom plugins?
3. How do you apply a plugin in Gradle?
4. What is the Java plugin in Gradle?
5. What does the Application plugin do?
6. Explain the War plugin in Gradle.
7. What is the difference between apply plugin: and plugins {} block?
8. How do you create a custom plugin in Gradle?
9. What is the purpose of the buildSrc directory?
10. How do you apply plugins across multiple projects?
11. What is a convention plugin?
12. What are script plugins?
13. How do you publish a custom Gradle plugin?
14. What is the gradlePlugin DSL?
15. What is a binary plugin?
16. Difference between id plugin syntax and legacy plugin application?
17. How do you apply external plugins?
18. How do you check which plugins are applied?
19. What is the role of extensions in plugins?
20. How do you debug plugin application issues?

---

6. Multi-Project Builds

1. What is a multi-project build in Gradle?
2. What is the role of settings.gradle in multi-project builds?
3. How do you define subprojects in Gradle?
4. How do you configure common settings across subprojects?
5. What is the allprojects block?
6. What is the subprojects block?
7. Difference between project dependency and external dependency?
8. How do you create project dependencies in multi-project builds?
9. What is the difference between flat and hierarchical project structures?
10. How do you run a task only for a specific subproject?
11. How do you build all subprojects in Gradle?
12. How do you exclude a subproject from the build?
13. What is composite build in Gradle?
14. Difference between multi-project and composite builds?
15. How do you test individual subprojects?
16. How do you share tasks between subprojects?
17. What is the role of project() function?
18. How do you reference another project?s task?
19. What is project evaluation order in multi-project builds?
20. How do you optimize large multi-project builds?

---

7. Gradle DSL (Groovy & Kotlin)

1. What is Gradle DSL?
2. Difference between Groovy DSL and Kotlin DSL?
3. Which DSL should be preferred for new projects?
4. How do you convert Groovy DSL to Kotlin DSL?
5. What are closures in Groovy DSL?
6. How do you define properties in Gradle DSL?
7. What is the role of ext in Groovy DSL?
8. How do you use val and var in Kotlin DSL?
9. What is the difference between = and set methods in Kotlin DSL?
10. How does IDE support differ between Groovy and Kotlin DSL?
11. Can you mix Groovy and Kotlin DSL in the same project?
12. How do you migrate from Groovy to Kotlin DSL?
13. What is the syntax difference for applying plugins in both DSLs?
14. How do you configure dependencies in Kotlin DSL?
15. What is the .kts file extension used for?
16. What are advantages of Kotlin DSL?
17. What are disadvantages of Kotlin DSL?
18. How do you debug DSL errors?
19. Which DSL provides better type safety?
20. Which DSL provides more flexibility?

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8. Testing & CI/CD Integration

1. How do you configure JUnit in Gradle?
2. How do you configure TestNG in Gradle?
3. What is the role of test task?
4. How do you configure test logging?
5. How do you filter specific tests in Gradle?
6. How do you set system properties for tests?
7. How do you configure parallel test execution?
8. How do you generate code coverage reports?
9. How do you integrate Jacoco with Gradle?
10. What is the difference between check and test tasks?
11. How do you configure test reports in Gradle?
12. How do you fail a build if tests fail?
13. How do you run specific test classes in Gradle?
14. How do you integrate Gradle with Jenkins?
15. How do you configure Gradle in GitHub Actions?
16. How do you configure Gradle in GitLab CI/CD?
17. How do you integrate Gradle with Docker builds?
18. How do you configure Gradle with Kubernetes deployments?
19. How do you automate publishing artifacts in CI/CD?
20. How do you optimize Gradle builds in CI/CD environments?

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9. Gradle Performance & Troubleshooting

1. What is the Gradle build cache?
2. How do you enable and configure the build cache?
3. Difference between local and remote build cache?
4. How do you enable parallel builds in Gradle?
5. What is configuration on demand in Gradle?
6. What is Gradle daemon?
7. How do you enable and disable Gradle daemon?
8. What are common performance tuning options in Gradle?
9. How do you analyze build performance?
10. How do you use --profile in Gradle?
11. What is dependency resolution caching?
12. How do you handle slow dependency resolution?
13. How do you debug a Gradle build failure?
14. How do you enable debug logs in Gradle?
15. How do you troubleshoot OutOfMemory errors in Gradle?
16. How do you handle circular dependencies in Gradle?
17. What is dependency substitution?
18. How do you fix version conflict issues?
19. How do you verify task execution order?
20. What are common Gradle troubleshooting strategies?

---

10. Best Practices & Advanced Features

1. What are best practices for writing Gradle scripts?
2. How do you modularize large Gradle projects?
3. How do you reuse common build logic?
4. What is convention over configuration in Gradle?
5. How do you enforce dependency versions?
6. What is a version catalog in Gradle?
7. How do you implement version catalogs?
8. What is dependency locking, and why use it?
9. How do you enforce consistent dependency versions across projects?
10. What are best practices for multi-project builds?
11. How do you keep Gradle builds reproducible?
12. What are common anti-patterns in Gradle builds?
13. How do you implement security best practices in Gradle?
14. How do you validate build scripts?
15. How do you enforce code style checks in Gradle?
16. How do you automate publishing with Gradle?
17. How do you implement release automation with Gradle?
18. How do you configure continuous builds in Gradle?
19. How do you integrate static analysis tools with Gradle?
20. What are the latest trends and improvements in Gradle?

Related Topics

#JFrog

Last updated    - V6 (05-Oct-2025)

Key Concepts

Topic / SubTopic	Basic	Intermediate	Advanced	Expert
Introduction	What is JFrog, Products overview, Benefits	✅	✅	✅	✅
Installation & Setup	On-prem, Cloud, Docker, System requirements	✅	✅	✅	✅
Basic Artifact Operations	Upload/download artifacts, REST API basics, UI navigation	✅	✅	✅	✅
Authentication & Authorization	Users, Groups, Permissions, Roles	✅	✅	✅	✅
Repositories	Local, Remote, Virtual, Repository Layouts, Best Practices	✅	✅	✅	✅
Package Management	Maven, Gradle, npm, PyPI, Docker registries	✅	✅	✅	✅
Build Integration	Jenkins, TeamCity, GitHub Actions, GitLab CI/CD	✅	✅	✅	✅
Security & Compliance	Xray scans, Vulnerability detection, License compliance	✅	✅	✅	✅
CI/CD & Pipelines	JFrog Pipelines, Artifact promotion, Distribution	✅	✅	✅	✅
Enterprise Setup	High availability, Clustering, Disaster recovery, Multi-site replication	✅	✅	✅	✅
CLI Basics	JFrog CLI commands, Installation, Configuration	✅	✅	✅	✅
Logging & Troubleshooting Basics	UI logs, Error messages	✅	✅	✅	✅
Docker & Kubernetes	JFrog as Docker registry, Helm charts integration	✅	✅	✅	✅
Metadata & Properties	Artifact metadata, Custom properties	✅	✅	✅	✅
Repository Replication	Push/Pull replication, Failover setup	✅	✅	✅	✅
Build Info & Metadata	Collecting build info, Integration with CI/CD	✅	✅	✅	✅
Cross-Repo Operations	Copy/Move artifacts, Multi-repo search	✅	✅	✅	✅
Custom Plugins	Artifactory plugins, Automation extensions	✅	✅	✅	✅
Notifications & Webhooks	Artifact events, CI/CD triggers	✅	✅	✅	✅
Community & Resources	Documentation, Forums, Support	✅	✅	✅	✅

Interview question

📘 Basic Level

1. What is JFrog Artifactory?
2. What are the main features of JFrog Artifactory?
3. Explain the difference between a local, remote, and virtual repository in JFrog.
4. What is the purpose of JFrog CLI?
5. Which package formats are supported by JFrog Artifactory?
6. How does JFrog Artifactory integrate with CI/CD tools?
7. What is the difference between JFrog Artifactory OSS and JFrog Pro?
8. Explain the concept of metadata in JFrog repositories.
9. What is the default storage mechanism used in Artifactory?
10. How do you create a local repository in JFrog Artifactory?
11. What is the JFrog Mission Control tool used for?
12. Explain the concept of ?repository path? in Artifactory.
13. How does authentication work in JFrog Artifactory?
14. What are the different types of repositories in JFrog?
15. Can JFrog Artifactory host Docker images?
16. What is the role of artifactory.properties file?
17. How do you access JFrog Artifactory via REST API?
18. What is the purpose of the JFrog Xray product?
19. Explain the concept of repository replication.
20. How do you search for an artifact in Artifactory?
21. What is the difference between Artifactory and Nexus?
22. How do you configure users and groups in JFrog?
23. What is the JFrog Platform?
24. What is the purpose of access tokens in JFrog?
25. Explain the basic installation steps for JFrog Artifactory.

---

📗 Intermediate Level

1. How do you integrate JFrog Artifactory with Jenkins?
2. Explain artifact promotion in JFrog.
3. How does JFrog handle artifact versioning?
4. What is the difference between "Snapshot" and "Release" repositories in Maven with JFrog?
5. How do you configure SSL for JFrog Artifactory?
6. What is JFrog Pipelines, and how does it differ from Jenkins?
7. Explain the use of ?Build Info? in JFrog.
8. How do you replicate a repository across multiple sites?
9. What is the difference between push and pull replication?
10. How do you monitor Artifactory performance?
11. What are the benefits of using JFrog CLI over REST API?
12. How do you backup and restore JFrog Artifactory data?
13. What is the difference between anonymous and authenticated access?
14. How do you configure API keys for automation in JFrog?
15. Explain the role of access federation in JFrog.
16. How do you configure retention policies for artifacts?
17. What is the use of JFrog Access service?
18. How do you configure LDAP or SAML authentication in JFrog?
19. What is artifact resolution in JFrog?
20. How do you enable high availability (HA) in JFrog?
21. Explain the concept of "checksum-based storage".
22. What is the difference between virtual and remote repositories?
23. How do you enable fine-grained permissions for users?
24. Explain how caching works in remote repositories.
25. How do you monitor security vulnerabilities using JFrog Xray?

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📕 Advanced Level

1. How does JFrog Artifactory handle immutability of artifacts?
2. Explain JFrog?s microservices architecture.
3. How do you integrate JFrog Artifactory with Kubernetes?
4. What are the scaling strategies for JFrog Artifactory in production?
5. How do you secure Docker repositories in JFrog?
6. Explain how JFrog Xray integrates with CI/CD pipelines.
7. How do you handle artifact cleanup strategies?
8. What is the difference between Smart Remote Repositories and Replication?
9. How does JFrog Artifactory store binary files internally?
10. How do you troubleshoot performance issues in JFrog?
11. Explain how to configure distribution repositories in JFrog.
12. How do you manage multi-site artifact distribution?
13. How does JFrog handle database connectivity?
14. What are some best practices for repository naming conventions?
15. How do you configure JFrog for disaster recovery?
16. Explain the use of ?Repository Layouts? in JFrog.
17. What are JFrog Projects, and how are they useful?
18. How do you automate artifact promotion with JFrog CLI?
19. What is the role of metadata indexing in JFrog?
20. How do you use AQL (Artifactory Query Language)?
21. What is the difference between an artifact and a module?
22. How do you configure security replication across multiple JFrog instances?
23. What is the role of the router service in JFrog architecture?
24. How do you integrate JFrog with HashiCorp Vault or Secret Managers?
25. Explain the difference between hybrid and SaaS deployments of JFrog.

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📓 Expert Level

1. How do you design a multi-region JFrog deployment for enterprise scale?
2. Explain the internals of JFrog?s checksum-based storage mechanism.
3. How do you tune JFrog Garbage Collection for performance?
4. What are the advanced security practices for securing JFrog repositories?
5. How do you integrate JFrog with Service Mesh (Istio, Linkerd)?
6. Explain the challenges of scaling JFrog in cloud-native environments.
7. How do you design HA clusters for JFrog Artifactory?
8. What are the advanced use cases of JFrog Xray?
9. How do you handle petabyte-scale artifact storage in JFrog?
10. Explain the role of Metadata Service in JFrog?s architecture.
11. How do you debug microservice failures in JFrog Platform?
12. What are the performance bottlenecks in JFrog, and how do you mitigate them?
13. How do you configure fine-grained RBAC across thousands of users in JFrog?
14. What are the differences between JFrog SaaS and self-hosted from a security perspective?
15. How do you integrate JFrog with GitOps workflows?
16. How do you migrate from Nexus/Harbor to JFrog Artifactory?
17. Explain the process of onboarding enterprise teams into JFrog Platform.
18. How do you configure JFrog Distribution for global software delivery?
19. What is the best approach to securing API-driven automation in JFrog?
20. How do you tune JFrog?s PostgreSQL for optimal performance?
21. What are some strategies to reduce storage costs in JFrog Artifactory?
22. How do you integrate JFrog with advanced observability tools (Prometheus, Grafana, ELK)?
23. How do you implement a blue/green deployment strategy using JFrog?
24. What is the future roadmap of JFrog (AI/ML integrations, advanced DevSecOps features)?
25. Explain how JFrog can be part of a Zero Trust security model.

Related Topics

#Log4j

Last updated    - V6 (17-Sep-2025)

Key Concepts

Topic	SubTopic	Basic ✅	Intermediate ✅	Advanced ✅	Expert ✅
Introduction	What is Log4j, Features, Benefits, Logging levels	✅	✅	✅	✅
Installation & Setup	Dependencies, Configuration files, Log4j2.xml, Classpath setup	✅	✅	✅	✅
Loggers	Logger hierarchy, Root logger, Named logger, Logger levels	✅	✅	✅	✅
Appenders	Console, File, RollingFile, Socket, SMTP, Custom Appenders	✅	✅	✅	✅
Layouts	PatternLayout, HTMLLayout, JSONLayout, Custom layouts	✅	✅	✅	✅
Filters	LevelRangeFilter, ThresholdFilter, Custom filters	✅	✅	✅	✅
Configuration	XML, Properties, YAML, JSON configuration, Programmatic config	✅	✅	✅	✅
Asynchronous Logging	AsyncAppender, Thread safety, Performance benefits		✅	✅	✅
Logging Performance	Buffering, Async logging, Garbage collection impact		✅	✅	✅
Advanced Features	Custom appenders, Custom filters, MDC/NDC, Lookups			✅	✅
Error Handling	Handling exceptions in logging, Failover strategies		✅	✅	✅
Integration	Spring Boot, SLF4J, Logback bridge, Application frameworks		✅	✅	✅
Monitoring & Maintenance	Log rotation, Archiving, Log cleanup, Metrics		✅	✅	✅
Security	Masking sensitive data, Secure logging, Audit logs		✅	✅	✅
Best Practices	Structured logging, Correlation IDs, Logging guidelines	✅	✅	✅	✅

Interview question

1. Introduction ? What is Log4j, Features, Benefits, Logging levels

1. What is Log4j?
2. Explain the main features of Log4j.
3. What are the benefits of using Log4j?
4. List the logging levels in Log4j.
5. What is the difference between DEBUG and INFO levels?
6. What is the difference between WARN and ERROR levels?
7. How does Log4j help in application debugging?
8. Can you disable logging in production? How?
9. What are common use cases for Log4j?
10. How does Log4j differ from System.out.println logging?

---

2. Installation & Setup ? Dependencies, Configuration files, Classpath

1. How do you install Log4j in a Java project?
2. What are the required dependencies for Log4j2?
3. What is the default configuration file name for Log4j2?
4. How to configure Log4j using XML?
5. How to configure Log4j using Properties file?
6. How to configure Log4j using JSON or YAML?
7. How to set the classpath for Log4j configuration?
8. Can you programmatically configure Log4j? How?
9. What are common configuration mistakes?
10. How to verify that Log4j is initialized correctly?

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3. Loggers ? Logger hierarchy, Root logger, Named logger, Logger levels

1. What is a Logger in Log4j?
2. Explain Logger hierarchy in Log4j.
3. What is the root logger?
4. How to create a named logger?
5. How to set different levels for different loggers?
6. What is additive behavior in loggers?
7. How to prevent logger messages from propagating?
8. Can loggers be defined programmatically?
9. Difference between Logger and Root Logger?
10. How to log messages to multiple loggers?

---

4. Appenders ? Console, File, RollingFile, Socket, SMTP, Custom

1. What is an Appender in Log4j?
2. How to configure ConsoleAppender?
3. How to configure FileAppender?
4. What is RollingFileAppender and why use it?
5. How to configure SMTPAppender for email notifications?
6. How to configure SocketAppender for remote logging?
7. How to create a custom Appender?
8. Difference between FileAppender and RollingFileAppender?
9. How does AsyncAppender work?
10. What are best practices for choosing appenders?

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5. Layouts ? PatternLayout, HTMLLayout, JSONLayout, Custom layouts

1. What is a Layout in Log4j?
2. Explain PatternLayout and its placeholders.
3. How to use HTMLLayout for logging?
4. How to log in JSON format?
5. How to create a custom layout?
6. What is the default layout in Log4j?
7. How to include timestamp and thread in log pattern?
8. How to include MDC or NDC values in layout?
9. Difference between HTMLLayout and PatternLayout?
10. How to format logs for readability?

---

6. Filters ? LevelRangeFilter, ThresholdFilter, Custom filters

1. What is a Filter in Log4j?
2. How to use LevelRangeFilter?
3. How to use ThresholdFilter?
4. How to combine multiple filters?
5. How to create a custom filter?
6. Difference between Filter and Appender threshold?
7. How to filter logs by logger name?
8. How to filter logs by message content?
9. Can filters be applied programmatically?
10. Best practices for using filters?

---

7. Asynchronous Logging ? AsyncAppender, Thread safety, Performance

1. What is AsyncAppender in Log4j?
2. How does asynchronous logging improve performance?
3. How to configure AsyncAppender?
4. How to ensure thread safety with AsyncAppender?
5. Difference between synchronous and asynchronous logging?
6. How does Log4j handle high-volume logging?
7. Can AsyncAppender work with multiple appenders?
8. What is the internal queue in AsyncAppender?
9. How to monitor dropped log events?
10. Best practices for async logging?

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8. Error Handling ? Handling exceptions in logging, Failover strategies

1. How does Log4j handle errors during logging?
2. What happens if a log file is not writable?
3. How to configure failover appenders?
4. How to prevent logging from crashing the application?
5. How to handle exceptions inside custom appenders?
6. Difference between FailoverAppender and BackupAppender?
7. How to monitor logging errors?
8. How to log errors without infinite loops?
9. How to use ErrorHandler interface?
10. Best practices for logging failures?

---

9. Integration ? Spring Boot, SLF4J, Logback bridge, Application frameworks

1. How to integrate Log4j with Spring Boot?
2. Difference between Log4j, SLF4J, and Logback?
3. How to use Log4j through SLF4J?
4. How to replace Logback with Log4j in Spring Boot?
5. How to configure logging profiles in Spring Boot?
6. How to log messages from third-party libraries?
7. How to bridge java.util.logging to Log4j?
8. How to integrate Log4j with web applications?
9. How to log asynchronous processes in frameworks?
10. How to use MDC/NDC in application frameworks?

---

10. Best Practices & Advanced Topics ? Structured logging, MDC, Security

1. What is structured logging?
2. How to use MDC (Mapped Diagnostic Context)?
3. How to use NDC (Nested Diagnostic Context)?
4. How to mask sensitive information in logs?
5. How to implement correlation IDs for distributed tracing?
6. Best practices for log file rotation and retention?
7. How to monitor logs in production?
8. How to analyze logs efficiently?
9. How to secure log files?
10. Advanced configuration tips for large-scale applications?

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#OpenShift

Last updated    - V4 (16-Sep-2025)

Key Concepts

Topic	Sub-Topics	Basic	Intermediate	Advanced	Expert
OpenShift Basics	Introduction, Features, Architecture, Components	✅	✅
Installation & Configuration	Prerequisites, CLI Tools, Cluster Setup, Authentication	✅	✅	✅
Pods & Deployments	Pods, ReplicaSets, Deployments, DeploymentConfig	✅	✅	✅
Services & Networking	Services, Routes, Ingress, DNS, Load Balancing	✅	✅	✅	✅
Storage Management	Persistent Volumes, PVC, Storage Classes, Dynamic Provisioning	✅	✅	✅	✅
Security & RBAC	Authentication, Authorization, SCC, RBAC Policies	✅	✅	✅	✅
Build & Image Management	BuildConfig, ImageStream, Source-to-Image (S2I), Dockerfiles	✅	✅	✅	✅
CI/CD Integration	Jenkins Pipeline, GitOps, Webhooks, Tekton Pipelines		✅	✅	✅
Operators & CRDs	Operators, OperatorHub, Custom Resource Definitions		✅	✅	✅
Logging & Monitoring	Cluster Logging, Metrics, Prometheus, Grafana, Alerts		✅	✅	✅
Scaling & Auto-healing	HPA, VPA, Cluster Autoscaler, Self-healing		✅	✅	✅
Multi-tenancy & Projects	Namespaces, Quotas, Limits, Resource Management	✅	✅	✅	✅
Cluster Administration	Node Management, Master/Worker Nodes, Certificates		✅	✅	✅
Upgrades & Maintenance	Patching, Version Upgrades, Backup/Restore, Disaster Recovery		✅	✅	✅
Hybrid & Multi-cloud	OpenShift on AWS, Azure, GCP, Hybrid Cloud, OpenShift Virtualization			✅	✅
Service Mesh & Networking	Istio, Service Mesh, Sidecar, Traffic Management			✅	✅
Advanced Security	OAuth, LDAP, NetworkPolicies, Compliance, Security Scanning		✅	✅	✅
Performance & Optimization	Resource Tuning, Node Affinity, Pod Scheduling, QoS			✅	✅
Troubleshooting & Debugging	Pod Debugging, Node Issues, Network Issues, Logging Analysis	✅	✅	✅	✅
Real-world Use Cases	Enterprise Deployments, Microservices, Event-driven Apps		✅	✅	✅

Interview question

1. OpenShift Basics & Architecture

1. What is OpenShift, and how does it differ from Kubernetes?
2. Explain the core components of OpenShift architecture.
3. What is the role of the Master Node in OpenShift?
4. What is the role of the Worker Node in OpenShift?
5. Explain the purpose of etcd in OpenShift.
6. What is an OpenShift Project vs Namespace?
7. What are the advantages of OpenShift over vanilla Kubernetes?
8. Explain OpenShift API Server functionality.
9. What is OpenShift CLI (oc), and how does it differ from kubectl?
10. What are Templates in OpenShift?
11. Explain the Source-to-Image (S2I) concept.
12. How does OpenShift support multi-tenancy?
13. What are the default roles in OpenShift?
14. How does OpenShift support hybrid cloud environments?
15. Explain OpenShift Routes.
16. What is the difference between OpenShift Online, Dedicated, and Container Platform?
17. What is the OperatorHub in OpenShift?
18. Explain Service Catalog in OpenShift.
19. What is OpenShift Virtualization?
20. How does OpenShift integrate with DevOps practices?

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2. Installation & Configuration

1. What are the prerequisites for installing OpenShift?
2. How do you install OpenShift on-premises?
3. How do you install OpenShift on AWS, Azure, or GCP?
4. What is the difference between IPI and UPI installation in OpenShift?
5. How do you set up the OpenShift CLI (oc)?
6. How do you verify OpenShift cluster installation?
7. How do you configure authentication providers in OpenShift?
8. Explain the bootstrap node in OpenShift installation.
9. How do you configure networking during installation?
10. What is the role of the installer-provisioned infrastructure (IPI)?
11. How do you upgrade an OpenShift cluster?
12. How do you perform a rolling upgrade of nodes?
13. How do you back up etcd before upgrading OpenShift?
14. Explain the role of kubeconfig in OpenShift.
15. How do you add new worker nodes to an OpenShift cluster?
16. How do you configure custom certificates in OpenShift?
17. How do you enable FIPS mode in OpenShift?
18. Explain single-node OpenShift use cases.
19. How do you configure Ingress Controllers during installation?
20. How do you integrate OpenShift with LDAP or Active Directory?

---

3. Pods, Deployments & Workloads

1. What is a Pod in OpenShift?
2. How do you create a Pod using CLI in OpenShift?
3. Explain DeploymentConfig in OpenShift.
4. What is the difference between Deployment and DeploymentConfig?
5. What are ReplicaSets in OpenShift?
6. How do you perform a rolling update in OpenShift?
7. What are StatefulSets, and when do you use them?
8. How do you restart a Pod in OpenShift?
9. Explain the Pod lifecycle in OpenShift.
10. What are DaemonSets in OpenShift?
11. How do you debug a failed Pod?
12. How do you check Pod logs in OpenShift?
13. What is an Init container?
14. How do you run Jobs and CronJobs in OpenShift?
15. What is the difference between stateless and stateful workloads?
16. How do you run batch jobs in OpenShift?
17. Explain horizontal scaling of Pods in OpenShift.
18. How do you configure Pod affinity and anti-affinity?
19. What are labels and selectors in OpenShift Pods?
20. How do you expose an application Pod to external traffic?

---

4. Services & Networking

1. What are Services in OpenShift?
2. What is the difference between ClusterIP, NodePort, and LoadBalancer?
3. What is OpenShift Route, and how is it different from Ingress?
4. How do you configure TLS termination on Routes?
5. What is the default network plugin in OpenShift?
6. Explain the OpenShift SDN.
7. How do you troubleshoot networking issues in OpenShift?
8. How do you connect Pods across multiple nodes?
9. What is Multus CNI in OpenShift?
10. How do you assign static IPs to Pods?
11. What are NetworkPolicies in OpenShift?
12. How do you secure inter-Pod communication?
13. What is DNS resolution in OpenShift networking?
14. How do you configure load balancing in OpenShift?
15. What is Egress IP in OpenShift?
16. How do you configure External IPs in OpenShift?
17. How does OpenShift handle service discovery?
18. What is MetalLB in OpenShift?
19. What are service meshes in OpenShift networking?
20. How does Istio integrate with OpenShift?

---

5. Storage & Persistent Data

1. What are Persistent Volumes (PV) in OpenShift?
2. What are Persistent Volume Claims (PVC)?
3. How do you dynamically provision storage in OpenShift?
4. What is a StorageClass in OpenShift?
5. How do you mount a PVC to a Pod?
6. What is ephemeral storage in OpenShift?
7. How do you configure NFS storage in OpenShift?
8. How do you configure Ceph or GlusterFS with OpenShift?
9. What is OpenShift Container Storage (OCS)?
10. How do you back up Persistent Volumes?
11. How do you share storage between multiple Pods?
12. What is ReadWriteMany (RWX) mode in PVCs?
13. How do you expand PVC size?
14. How do you reclaim Persistent Volumes?
15. How do you migrate storage across clusters?
16. What is dynamic volume provisioning?
17. How do you use CSI drivers in OpenShift?
18. What are ephemeral vs persistent volumes?
19. How do you monitor storage utilization in OpenShift?
20. How do you troubleshoot PVC binding issues?

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6. Security & RBAC

1. How does OpenShift manage authentication?
2. What are Security Context Constraints (SCC) in OpenShift?
3. How do you restrict container privileges in OpenShift?
4. What is RBAC in OpenShift?
5. How do you assign roles to users?
6. What are the default roles in OpenShift?
7. How do you create a custom role in OpenShift?
8. What is OAuth in OpenShift?
9. How do you integrate OpenShift with Keycloak?
10. What is the difference between ClusterRole and Role?
11. How do you apply NetworkPolicies for security?
12. What are secrets in OpenShift?
13. How do you mount secrets into Pods?
14. How do you encrypt data at rest in OpenShift?
15. How do you enable audit logging in OpenShift?
16. What is SELinux in OpenShift security?
17. How do you enforce image signing in OpenShift?
18. What are compliance operators in OpenShift?
19. How do you secure container images in OpenShift?
20. What is PodSecurityPolicy (PSP) vs SCC in OpenShift?

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7. CI/CD & DevOps Integration

1. How does OpenShift support CI/CD?
2. What is Source-to-Image (S2I) in OpenShift?
3. How do you integrate Jenkins with OpenShift?
4. What are OpenShift Pipelines (Tekton)?
5. How do you trigger builds using webhooks in OpenShift?
6. How do you configure GitOps in OpenShift?
7. How does ArgoCD integrate with OpenShift?
8. How do you implement Blue-Green deployments in OpenShift?
9. How do you implement Canary deployments in OpenShift?
10. How do you roll back failed deployments in OpenShift?
11. How do you integrate SonarQube with OpenShift CI/CD?
12. How do you build Docker images inside OpenShift?
13. How do you automate testing with OpenShift Pipelines?
14. How do you integrate Nexus or Artifactory with OpenShift?
15. What are BuildConfigs in OpenShift?
16. How do you use Jenkins agents in OpenShift?
17. How do you schedule pipeline runs in OpenShift?
18. How do you manage pipeline secrets securely?
19. What are triggers in BuildConfig?
20. How do you monitor CI/CD pipelines in OpenShift?

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8. Operators & Custom Resources

1. What is an Operator in OpenShift?
2. What is the OperatorHub?
3. How do you deploy an Operator in OpenShift?
4. What are Custom Resource Definitions (CRDs)?
5. How do you write a custom Operator?
6. What is OLM (Operator Lifecycle Manager)?
7. How do you upgrade Operators?
8. How do you monitor Operator health?
9. What is the difference between cluster-scoped and namespace-scoped Operators?
10. How do Operators simplify application management?
11. How do you manage Operator dependencies?
12. How do you troubleshoot Operator failures?
13. What are the advantages of Operators over Helm charts?
14. What is Operator SDK?
15. How do you secure Operators in OpenShift?
16. What are day-2 operations in Operators?
17. How do you configure CRDs in OpenShift?
18. What are built-in OpenShift Operators?
19. How do you rollback Operator versions?
20. How do you use Operators for monitoring and logging?

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9. Logging, Monitoring & Troubleshooting

1. What are the logging options in OpenShift?
2. How do you configure EFK stack (Elasticsearch, Fluentd, Kibana) in OpenShift?
3. How do you configure Prometheus in OpenShift?
4. How do you configure Grafana in OpenShift?
5. How do you monitor cluster health?
6. What are metrics exposed by OpenShift?
7. How do you collect application logs in OpenShift?
8. How do you troubleshoot Pod crashes?
9. How do you troubleshoot failed Deployments?
10. How do you debug networking issues?
11. What is oc describe command used for?
12. How do you trace resource usage of a Pod?
13. How do you enable audit logging in OpenShift?
14. What is cluster logging operator?
15. How do you set up alerts in OpenShift?
16. How do you troubleshoot failed Builds in OpenShift?
17. How do you analyze etcd performance issues?
18. How do you monitor control plane nodes?
19. How do you troubleshoot Route errors?
20. How do you diagnose API server performance issues?

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10. Scaling, Performance & Best Practices

1. How do you scale Pods in OpenShift?
2. What is Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA)?
3. What is Vertical Pod Autoscaler (VPA)?
4. What is Cluster Autoscaler in OpenShift?
5. How do you configure resource requests and limits?
6. What is Quality of Service (QoS) in OpenShift?
7. How do you implement Pod affinity rules for performance?
8. How do you optimize container images for OpenShift?
9. How do you monitor resource utilization in OpenShift?
10. How do you tune etcd performance?
11. What is the best practice for managing namespaces?
12. How do you configure node selectors in OpenShift?
13. How do you configure taints and tolerations in OpenShift?
14. What is pod disruption budget in OpenShift?
15. How do you optimize scheduling policies?
16. How do you design OpenShift for high availability?
17. How do you optimize networking performance?
18. How do you manage large-scale OpenShift clusters?
19. What are some best practices for OpenShift upgrades?
20. What are enterprise-level best practices for OpenShift adoption?

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