14 November 2023

#MQTT

#MQTT
Topic SubTopic Basic ✅ Intermediate ✅ Advanced ✅ Expert ✅
Introduction What is MQTT, Features, Advantages, Use cases ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
MQTT vs HTTP Differences, Performance, Use cases ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Architecture Broker, Clients, Publish/Subscribe model ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
QoS Levels QoS 0, QoS 1, QoS 2, Message delivery guarantees ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Topics & Subscriptions Topic structure, Wildcards, Hierarchies ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Messages Payload, Retained messages, Duplicate messages ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
MQTT Broker Popular brokers, Configuration, Scalability ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
MQTT Client Libraries, Connecting, Subscribing, Publishing ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Security Authentication, Authorization, TLS/SSL, Certificates ✅ ✅ ✅
MQTT with IoT Integration with IoT devices, Sensors, Real-time updates ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Persistent Session Session state, Clean session, Durable subscriptions ✅ ✅ ✅
Last Will & Testament LWT messages, Configuration, Use cases ✅ ✅ ✅
Retained Messages Definition, Use cases, Pros & Cons ✅ ✅ ✅
Advanced Features MQTT over WebSockets, Bridge, Clustering ✅ ✅
Best Practices Topic naming, QoS selection, Security, Scalability ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅

1. MQTT Basics

  1. What is MQTT and why is it lightweight?
  2. Explain the publish-subscribe model in MQTT.
  3. Difference between MQTT and HTTP protocols?
  4. What is a broker in MQTT?
  5. What is a client in MQTT?
  6. What is a topic in MQTT?
  7. What is a subscription?
  8. Explain QoS levels in MQTT.
  9. Difference between QoS 0, QoS 1, and QoS 2.
  10. What is a retained message in MQTT?
  11. What is Last Will and Testament (LWT) in MQTT?
  12. Explain the use of Clean Session flag.
  13. What is persistent session in MQTT?
  14. How does MQTT handle offline clients?
  15. What is a Keep Alive interval?
  16. What are MQTT control packets?
  17. What is the maximum payload size in MQTT?
  18. Why is MQTT suitable for IoT?
  19. Explain MQTT message flow.
  20. Difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication in MQTT.
  21. What is the CONNECT packet in MQTT?
  22. Explain the DISCONNECT process in MQTT.
  23. What are wildcards in MQTT topics?
  24. Example of single-level vs multi-level wildcard.
  25. Advantages and limitations of MQTT.

2. MQTT Protocol Architecture

  1. Components of MQTT protocol?
  2. Explain the role of broker in MQTT.
  3. Role of publishers and subscribers.
  4. Explain topic hierarchy in MQTT.
  5. What is a topic namespace?
  6. Explain MQTT packet structure.
  7. What is a fixed header in MQTT packet?
  8. What is a variable header in MQTT packet?
  9. What is the payload in MQTT packet?
  10. Explain PUBLISH packet in MQTT.
  11. Explain SUBSCRIBE and SUBACK packets.
  12. Explain UNSUBSCRIBE and UNSUBACK packets.
  13. What is a PINGREQ packet?
  14. What is PINGRESP packet?
  15. Explain CONNECT and CONNACK packets.
  16. Explain DISCONNECT packet.
  17. How does MQTT ensure message delivery?
  18. Explain message acknowledgment in QoS 1.
  19. Explain message acknowledgment in QoS 2.
  20. Duplicate message handling in MQTT.
  21. Explain persistent vs non-persistent sessions.
  22. What is session expiry in MQTT 5.0?
  23. What is topic aliasing in MQTT 5.0?
  24. What is shared subscription in MQTT 5.0?
  25. What are reason codes in MQTT 5.0?

3. MQTT QoS & Reliability

  1. What is QoS in MQTT?
  2. Difference between QoS 0, 1, and 2.
  3. How does QoS 0 work?
  4. How does QoS 1 work?
  5. How does QoS 2 work?
  6. When should you use QoS 0?
  7. When should you use QoS 1?
  8. When should you use QoS 2?
  9. Explain PUBACK in MQTT.
  10. Explain PUBREC, PUBREL, and PUBCOMP packets.
  11. Reliability vs performance trade-offs in QoS.
  12. How does MQTT handle message duplication?
  13. Explain at most once delivery.
  14. Explain at least once delivery.
  15. Explain exactly once delivery.
  16. Can QoS be downgraded between client and broker?
  17. What happens if broker crashes mid-delivery?
  18. How does QoS interact with retained messages?
  19. Performance impact of QoS 2?
  20. How to test QoS behavior?
  21. Limitations of MQTT QoS mechanism.
  22. How does QoS work in clustered brokers?
  23. How do different MQTT libraries implement QoS?
  24. Role of persistent storage in QoS guarantees.
  25. Common pitfalls in using QoS.

4. MQTT Security

  1. Is MQTT secure by default?
  2. How to secure MQTT communication?
  3. Explain TLS/SSL in MQTT.
  4. How to authenticate MQTT clients?
  5. What are username/password authentication in MQTT?
  6. What is token-based authentication?
  7. What is certificate-based authentication?
  8. What is role-based access control (RBAC)?
  9. How to restrict topic access?
  10. Difference between authentication and authorization in MQTT.
  11. How to secure broker configuration?
  12. Common vulnerabilities in MQTT.
  13. Man-in-the-middle attack risk in MQTT.
  14. How to prevent brute force attacks in MQTT?
  15. Importance of TLS mutual authentication.
  16. Secure storage of credentials in clients.
  17. How to use firewalls with MQTT?
  18. How to implement fine-grained permissions?
  19. Explain ACLs in MQTT brokers.
  20. Security differences between MQTT v3.1.1 and v5.0.
  21. Security risks of retained messages.
  22. Security implications of Last Will messages.
  23. How to audit MQTT systems for security?
  24. Best practices for securing MQTT in IoT.
  25. Future improvements in MQTT security.

5. MQTT in IoT Use Cases

  1. Why is MQTT popular in IoT?
  2. Examples of IoT applications using MQTT.
  3. Difference between MQTT and CoAP in IoT.
  4. MQTT vs AMQP in IoT.
  5. How does MQTT work in constrained devices?
  6. MQTT in smart home applications?
  7. MQTT in industrial IoT (IIoT)?
  8. How to use MQTT in healthcare IoT?
  9. MQTT in vehicle telematics?
  10. How MQTT supports sensor data collection?
  11. Role of MQTT in edge computing.
  12. Using MQTT with cloud platforms.
  13. Integrating MQTT with AWS IoT Core.
  14. Integrating MQTT with Azure IoT Hub.
  15. Integrating MQTT with Google IoT Core.
  16. MQTT in real-time monitoring systems.
  17. MQTT in agriculture IoT.
  18. MQTT in logistics and supply chain.
  19. MQTT for connected wearables.
  20. Limitations of MQTT in large IoT systems.
  21. MQTT in hybrid IoT systems.
  22. Alternatives to MQTT for IoT.
  23. MQTT role in low-power IoT networks.
  24. Case studies of MQTT in production.
  25. Future of MQTT in IoT.

6. MQTT Performance & Scalability

  1. How does MQTT handle scalability?
  2. How many clients can MQTT support?
  3. Factors affecting MQTT performance.
  4. How to benchmark MQTT performance?
  5. Impact of QoS on performance.
  6. Impact of retained messages on performance.
  7. Impact of large payloads on performance.
  8. Scaling MQTT brokers horizontally.
  9. Scaling MQTT brokers vertically.
  10. Load balancing techniques in MQTT.
  11. Role of clustering in MQTT scalability.
  12. Multi-tenant architecture in MQTT.
  13. How to tune broker configuration?
  14. Optimizing Keep Alive intervals.
  15. Reducing latency in MQTT.
  16. Handling millions of messages per second.
  17. Monitoring MQTT performance.
  18. Common bottlenecks in MQTT.
  19. Impact of security on performance.
  20. MQTT performance in low-bandwidth networks.
  21. MQTT vs HTTP performance comparison.
  22. MQTT vs WebSocket performance.
  23. Performance testing tools for MQTT.
  24. Strategies for high availability in MQTT.
  25. Future scalability improvements in MQTT.

7. MQTT Brokers

  1. What is an MQTT broker?
  2. Examples of popular MQTT brokers.
  3. Difference between open-source and commercial brokers.
  4. What is Eclipse Mosquitto?
  5. What is HiveMQ?
  6. What is EMQX?
  7. What is VerneMQ?
  8. What is RabbitMQ MQTT plugin?
  9. Features comparison of different brokers.
  10. How to choose an MQTT broker?
  11. Broker clustering features.
  12. Broker load balancing.
  13. Broker persistence mechanisms.
  14. Broker support for MQTT 5.0.
  15. Broker plugin/extension support.
  16. Broker monitoring features.
  17. Broker security features.
  18. Broker scalability limits.
  19. Broker deployment models (cloud, on-prem).
  20. Broker backup and recovery.
  21. Broker high availability setups.
  22. Broker support for WebSockets.
  23. Broker support for bridging.
  24. Broker integration with databases.
  25. Broker integration with enterprise systems.

8. MQTT Clients & Libraries

  1. Examples of popular MQTT clients.
  2. What is Eclipse Paho?
  3. What is MQTT.js?
  4. What is Eclipse Mosquitto client?
  5. What is HiveMQ client library?
  6. Client libraries for Python.
  7. Client libraries for Java.
  8. Client libraries for JavaScript.
  9. Client libraries for C/C++.
  10. Client libraries for .NET.
  11. Client libraries for mobile platforms.
  12. Client SDKs for embedded systems.
  13. Differences between sync and async clients.
  14. MQTT client API structure.
  15. How to configure client connection?
  16. How to implement reconnection logic?
  17. How to implement offline buffering?
  18. How to test MQTT clients?
  19. Debugging MQTT client issues.
  20. Client performance benchmarks.
  21. Client limitations in resource-constrained devices.
  22. Client-side security features.
  23. Client libraries for MQTT 5.0.
  24. Client support for WebSockets.
  25. Best practices for using MQTT clients.

9. MQTT vs Other Protocols

  1. MQTT vs HTTP.
  2. MQTT vs CoAP.
  3. MQTT vs AMQP.
  4. MQTT vs WebSockets.
  5. MQTT vs Kafka.
  6. MQTT vs DDS.
  7. MQTT vs ZeroMQ.
  8. MQTT vs OPC-UA.
  9. MQTT vs XMPP.
  10. MQTT vs LwM2M.
  11. Which protocol is best for IoT?
  12. Which protocol is best for cloud communication?
  13. Which protocol is best for real-time messaging?
  14. Advantages of MQTT over HTTP.
  15. Limitations of MQTT compared to Kafka.
  16. Advantages of MQTT over CoAP.
  17. Advantages of MQTT over AMQP.
  18. Where MQTT is not suitable?
  19. Protocol performance comparison studies.
  20. Security comparison between MQTT and AMQP.
  21. Scalability comparison between MQTT and Kafka.
  22. Reliability comparison between MQTT and CoAP.
  23. Latency comparison between MQTT and HTTP.
  24. Ease of implementation comparison.
  25. Future role of MQTT vs alternatives.

10. Advanced MQTT (v5.0 Features)

  1. What is new in MQTT 5.0?
  2. Explain reason codes in MQTT 5.0.
  3. Explain user properties in MQTT 5.0.
  4. What is topic aliasing?
  5. What is shared subscription?
  6. Explain session expiry interval.
  7. What is message expiry?
  8. Explain request/response pattern in MQTT 5.0.
  9. What is flow control in MQTT 5.0?
  10. Explain subscription identifiers.
  11. What are enhanced authentication methods?
  12. Explain payload format indicator.
  13. Explain content type field.
  14. Explain response topic in MQTT 5.0.
  15. Improvements in error reporting.
  16. Differences between v3.1.1 and v5.0.
  17. Backward compatibility issues in v5.0.
  18. Adoption of v5.0 in brokers.
  19. Adoption of v5.0 in client libraries.
  20. Benefits of v5.0 over v3.1.1.
  21. Challenges in migrating to MQTT 5.0.
  22. Real-world use cases of MQTT 5.0.
  23. Limitations of MQTT 5.0.
  24. Performance impact of new features.
  25. Future improvements beyond MQTT 5.0.
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