14 December 2025

#Selenium

#Selenium

Key Concepts


S.No Topic Sub-Topics
1 Selenium What is Selenium?, Features, Benefits, Selenium suite overview, Use cases
2 Selenium Architecture Client-server architecture, Selenium IDE, WebDriver, Grid, Components overview
3 Selenium IDE Installation, Record & playback, Commands, Test suite, Export scripts
4 Selenium WebDriver Overview, Browser drivers, Language bindings, Advantages, Limitations
5 Locators in Selenium ID, Name, ClassName, XPath, CSS Selector
6 WebDriver Commands Get, FindElement, Click, SendKeys, GetText
7 Handling Web Elements Text boxes, Buttons, Radio buttons, Checkboxes, Dropdowns
8 Synchronization in Selenium Implicit wait, Explicit wait, Fluent wait, Page load timeout, Best practices
9 Browser Navigation Open URL, Back, Forward, Refresh, Window management
10 Handling Alerts Alert types, Accept, Dismiss, Get text, Send keys
11 Handling Frames & IFrames Switch to frame, Switch by index, Switch by name/id, Switch back, Nested frames
12 Handling Windows & Tabs Get window handles, Switch windows, Close window, Multiple tabs, Focus handling
13 Handling DropDowns Select by index, Select by value, Select by visible text, Multi-select, De-select options
14 Keyboard & Mouse Actions SendKeys, Key press, Key release, Mouse hover, Right click, Drag & Drop
15 Handling Checkboxes & Radio Buttons Check status, Select, Deselect, IsEnabled, IsDisplayed
16 Taking Screenshots Full page screenshot, Element screenshot, File saving, Formats, Automation reporting
17 Handling Tables Rows & columns, Get cell data, Iterate table, Dynamic tables, XPath strategies
18 Handling JavaScript Alerts Accept, Dismiss, Get text, Send text, Switch to alert
19 Handling Popups Alert popups, File upload popups, Window popups, Frame popups, Close handling
20 File Upload & Download SendKeys, Robot class, AutoIT, Handling download folder, Validation
21 JavaScript Executor Execute script, Scroll into view, Click element, Change value, Handle dynamic content
22 Implicit vs Explicit Wait Definitions, Use cases, Syntax, Pros & cons, Best practices
23 Selenium Grid Hub & nodes, Parallel execution, Cross-browser testing, Configuration, Scaling
24 TestNG Integration TestNG setup, Annotations, Assertions, Groups, Parameterization
25 Maven Integration Maven project, Dependencies, POM file, Build lifecycle, Plugins
26 Jenkins Integration Jenkins setup, CI/CD pipeline, Job configuration, Triggering builds, Reporting
27 Handling Dynamic Elements Dynamic XPath, CSS selectors, Wait strategies, Loops, Element identification
28 Page Object Model (POM) Design pattern, Page classes, Locators, Reusable methods, Implementation
29 Hybrid Framework Keyword-driven, Data-driven, Combination, Implementation, Advantages
30 Hands-on Projects & Best Practices Automation of login page, E-commerce site testing, Form submission, Reporting, Code organization

Interview question

Basic Level

  1. What is Selenium?
  2. What are the different components of Selenium?
  3. What are Selenium WebDriver advantages?
  4. What is the difference between Selenium 3 and Selenium 4?
  5. What browsers does Selenium support?
  6. What is a WebDriver?
  7. What is the difference between findElement and findElements?
  8. What is a WebElement?
  9. How do you launch a browser in Selenium?
  10. How do you open a URL using Selenium?
  11. How do you locate elements in Selenium?
  12. What are locators? Name the eight locators.
  13. What is XPath?
  14. What is the difference between absolute and relative XPath?
  15. What is CSS Selector?
  16. How do you handle text boxes in Selenium?
  17. How do you click a button using Selenium?
  18. How do you retrieve text from an element?
  19. How do you close and quit the browser?
  20. What is implicit wait?
  21. What is explicit wait?
  22. What is fluent wait?
  23. What is getTitle() used for?
  24. How do you check if an element is displayed?
  25. What is the difference between driver.get() and driver.navigate().to()?

Intermediate Level

  1. What are different types of waits in Selenium?
  2. What is WebDriverWait? Give an example.
  3. What is the Actions class in Selenium?
  4. How do you perform mouse hover?
  5. How to handle dropdowns in Selenium?
  6. Difference between Select class and custom dropdowns.
  7. How do you handle checkboxes and radio buttons?
  8. How do you handle alerts in Selenium?
  9. What are Frames and how do you switch to them?
  10. How do you switch between windows/tabs?
  11. What is JavaScriptExecutor in Selenium?
  12. How do you scroll using Selenium?
  13. How do you upload a file using Selenium?
  14. How do you handle file downloads?
  15. How do you take screenshots?
  16. How do you capture full-page screenshots in Selenium 4?
  17. What is Page Object Model (POM)?
  18. What is Page Factory?
  19. What is the @FindBy annotation?
  20. What is TestNG? Why is it used with Selenium?
  21. Explain the TestNG annotations.
  22. How do you generate reports using TestNG?
  23. What is data-driven testing?
  24. How do you parameterize tests in TestNG?
  25. What is the difference between soft assert and hard assert?
  26. What is a headless browser?
  27. How to run Selenium tests in headless mode?
  28. What is WebDriverManager?
  29. What is the difference between quit() and close()?
  30. What is StaleElementReferenceException?
  31. What are navigation commands in Selenium?
  32. How do you maximize and minimize windows?
  33. How do you wait for an element to be clickable?
  34. What is XPath axes?
  35. How do you validate broken links in Selenium?

Advanced Level

  1. How do you handle dynamic elements?
  2. How do you create custom XPath expressions?
  3. What is Shadow DOM and how do you handle it in Selenium 4?
  4. How do you handle WebSockets in Selenium 4?
  5. Explain Relative Locators in Selenium 4.
  6. How do you run tests in parallel using TestNG?
  7. How do you integrate Selenium with Maven?
  8. How do you integrate Selenium with Jenkins?
  9. How do you run Selenium tests in Docker?
  10. Explain Selenium Grid architecture.
  11. How do you set up Selenium Grid 4?
  12. What is distributed Parallel testing?
  13. What is the role of Hub and Node in Selenium Grid?
  14. How do you capture network logs in Selenium 4?
  15. How do you intercept requests/responses in Selenium 4?
  16. How do you automate authentication pop-ups?
  17. How do you manage cookies in Selenium?
  18. What is fluent design in automation framework?
  19. What is a hybrid test framework?
  20. What is Keyword-Driven Framework?
  21. What is Data-Driven Framework?
  22. What is Behavioral Driven Development (BDD)?
  23. How do you integrate Selenium with Cucumber?
  24. What is Hooks in Cucumber?
  25. Explain Gherkin syntax with example.

Expert Level

  1. How do you design a scalable Selenium automation framework?
  2. Explain your framework architecture in detail.
  3. How do you integrate Selenium with CI/CD pipeline?
  4. How do you design reusable utilities in automation?
  5. How do you apply SOLID principles in Selenium framework?
  6. How do you implement a Factory design pattern in POM?
  7. How do you implement the Builder pattern for tests?
  8. How do you apply Strategy pattern in Selenium automation?
  9. How do you manage test data for large test suites?
  10. How to integrate Allure/Extent reports?
  11. How do you perform cross-browser testing at scale?
  12. How do you handle intermittent automation failures?
  13. How do you set up cloud test execution using BrowserStack/Sauce Labs?
  14. How do you implement Self-Healing locators?
  15. Describe an enterprise-level Selenium automation solution you built.

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