#GO

Last updated    - V7 (19-Dec-2025)

Key Concepts

S.No	Topic	Sub-Topics
1	Introduction to Go	Overview of Go, History, Features, Go vs Other Languages, Use Cases
2	Environment Setup	Install Go, Configure GOPATH, Configure GOROOT, Setup IDE, Hello World program
3	Go Basics	Variables, Constants, Data Types, Operators, Input/Output
4	Control Structures	If-Else, Switch-Case, For Loop, Break/Continue, Nested Loops
5	Functions	Function Declaration, Parameters, Return Values, Multiple Returns, Variadic Functions
6	Packages & Modules	Package Declaration, Importing Packages, Creating Modules, go.mod, Standard Library Overview
7	Arrays & Slices	Array Declaration, Slice Creation, Append, Copy, Multi-dimensional Arrays
8	Maps	Map Declaration, Adding/Updating, Deleting Keys, Iterating Maps, Nested Maps
9	Structs	Struct Definition, Struct Literals, Nested Structs, Methods with Structs, Tags
10	Pointers	Pointer Basics, Dereferencing, Pointer to Struct, Pointer vs Value, Memory Allocation
11	Interfaces	Interface Definition, Implementing Interfaces, Type Assertion, Empty Interface, Polymorphism
12	Methods	Method Declaration, Receiver Types, Pointer vs Value Receiver, Method Sets, Struct Embedding
13	Error Handling	Error Type, Custom Errors, Panic & Recover, Logging, Best Practices
14	Goroutines	Concurrent Execution, Creating Goroutines, Goroutine Lifecycle, Synchronization, Examples
15	Channels	Channel Basics, Buffered vs Unbuffered, Send/Receive, Close Channel, Select Statement
16	Channel Patterns	Fan-in, Fan-out, Pipelines, Worker Pools, Timeout/Cancel
17	Concurrency Patterns	Mutex, WaitGroup, Atomic Operations, Context, Thread-Safe Data Structures
18	Go Concurrency Best Practices	Avoid Deadlocks, Avoid Race Conditions, Proper Channel Closing, Worker Pools, Context Cancellation
19	Go Standard Library	fmt, os, io, strings, strconv, time, math/rand, encoding/json
20	File Handling	Reading Files, Writing Files, File Modes, Buffered I/O, Error Handling
21	Testing in Go	Test Functions, go test Command, Table-Driven Tests, Benchmarking, Mocking
22	Go Modules & Dependency Management	go mod init, go get, go mod tidy, Versioning, Vendoring
23	JSON Handling	Marshal, Unmarshal, Struct Tags, Encoding/Decoding, Nested JSON
24	HTTP & Web Services	net/http Package, HTTP Server, HTTP Client, Routing, JSON API
25	REST API Development	Create REST Endpoints, GET/POST/PUT/DELETE, JSON Response, Query Parameters, Error Handling
26	Middleware in Go	Middleware Concept, Logging, Authentication, Error Handling, Chaining Handlers
27	Database Connectivity	database/sql Package, MySQL/PostgreSQL Driver, CRUD Operations, Connection Pooling, Transactions
28	Go Templates	text/template, html/template, Variables, Loops, Conditional Rendering
29	Go Project Structure	Folder Organization, main Package, internal Package, cmd Folder, Best Practices
30	Hands-on Project	Build CLI/REST API App, Use Goroutines, Connect DB, JSON Handling, Implement Tests

Interview question

Basic Level

1. What is Go (Golang) and why was it created?
2. List key features of Go.
3. Difference between Go and other languages like Java or Python.
4. What is a package in Go?
5. What is the difference between GOPATH and GOROOT?
6. How do you install Go on your system?
7. How to run a Go program?
8. What are variables and constants in Go?
9. Explain Go data types.
10. Difference between arrays and slices.
11. How do you declare and initialize a slice?
12. How do you declare a map in Go?
13. What is a struct in Go?
14. How do you define and call a function in Go?
15. What is the zero value in Go?
16. Explain Go?s control structures: if, for, switch.
17. Difference between break and continue.
18. What is defer in Go?
19. How do you write comments in Go?
20. Explain Go?s operators.
21. What is a pointer in Go?
22. How do you print output in Go?
23. How do you read input in Go?
24. Explain basic error handling using error type.
25. What is the difference between var and := syntax?

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Intermediate Level

1. Explain Go modules and go.mod file.
2. How to import a package in Go?
3. Difference between value and pointer receivers in methods.
4. How do interfaces work in Go?
5. What is an empty interface?
6. How do you implement polymorphism in Go?
7. How do you use type assertion?
8. How to handle multiple return values?
9. Explain variadic functions in Go.
10. What are goroutines?
11. How do you create a goroutine?
12. What are channels in Go?
13. Difference between buffered and unbuffered channels.
14. How do you use select statement with channels?
15. Explain context package and cancellation.
16. How to handle race conditions in Go?
17. What is sync.WaitGroup and how to use it?
18. Explain mutex in Go.
19. How do you implement worker pools?
20. How do you handle JSON encoding and decoding?
21. How do you read and write files in Go?
22. Difference between pointer and value types.
23. Explain slice internals (capacity, length, underlying array).
24. What is panic and recover?
25. How to use Go?s standard library effectively?

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Advanced Level

1. How do you create and use custom errors in Go?
2. How do you implement logging in Go?
3. How do you create REST APIs using net/http?
4. Explain routing using Gorilla Mux or similar frameworks.
5. How do you connect to a database in Go?
6. How do you handle transactions in Go?
7. Explain prepared statements.
8. How do you implement middleware in Go?
9. How do you implement authentication in Go web apps?
10. How do you implement JWT in Go?
11. Explain Go?s template package.
12. How do you render HTML templates in Go?
13. How do you implement caching in Go applications?
14. How to use go routines and channels for concurrent web requests?
15. Explain Go memory management and garbage collection.
16. How do you profile a Go program?
17. Explain Go?s race detector tool.
18. How do you handle signal interruptions?
19. How do you build a CLI tool in Go?
20. How to handle JSON schema validation in Go?
21. How to implement API versioning in Go?
22. How to implement rate limiting in Go web services?
23. How to implement a TCP/UDP server in Go?
24. How to handle WebSocket connections in Go?
25. How do you structure a large Go project?

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Expert Level

1. How do you implement microservices architecture in Go?
2. How to implement event-driven architecture in Go?
3. How to use gRPC in Go?
4. How to use Protocol Buffers in Go?
5. How to handle streaming APIs in Go?
6. How to implement advanced caching strategies?
7. How do you perform load balancing in Go services?
8. How to implement health checks in Go applications?
9. How do you implement distributed tracing in Go?
10. How to integrate Go with Kubernetes?
11. How to implement zero-downtime deployments in Go services?
12. How to optimize Go programs for high performance?
13. How to implement message queues (Kafka/RabbitMQ) in Go?
14. How to integrate Go services with cloud platforms (AWS/GCP/Azure)?
15. How to implement authentication/authorization with OAuth2 in Go?
16. How to implement background jobs in Go?
17. How to use context for timeouts and deadlines effectively?
18. How do you implement graceful shutdown for Go services?
19. How to handle large JSON payloads efficiently?
20. How to implement circuit breakers in Go?
21. How to implement rate limiting using Redis or in-memory?
22. How to implement secure Go services (TLS, cert management)?
23. How to monitor Go applications (Prometheus, Grafana)?
24. How to perform integration testing for Go services?
25. Best practices for writing production-grade Go applications.

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