16 September 2025

#JIRA

#JIRA

Key Concepts


S.No Topic Sub-Topics
1Introduction to JIRAWhat is JIRA, JIRA use cases, Agile tool overview, Terminology, Workflows
2JIRA InterfaceDashboard overview, Navigation, Search bar, Personal settings, Help section
3JIRA ProjectsProject types, Classic vs Next-gen, Project creation, Templates, Settings
4Issue TypesStory, Task, Bug, Epic, Sub-task
5Creating IssuesCreate issue form, Fields, Attachments, Mentions, Formatting tips
6JIRA BoardsScrum board, Kanban board, Backlog view, Issue ranking, Filters
7User ManagementUser roles, Permissions, Groups, Security levels, Access control
8Custom FieldsField creation, Field types, Screens configuration, Field context, Field update
9WorkflowsWorkflow states, Transitions, Conditions, Validators, Post functions
10Workflow SchemesScheme binding, Mapping issue types, Draft workflows, Publish, Versioning
11Agile ConceptsAgile principles, Scrum, Kanban, Sprint lifecycle, User stories
12Backlog ManagementIssue prioritization, Sprint planning, Story points, Estimation, Grooming
13Sprint ManagementSprint creation, Start sprint, Active sprint, Sprint goal, Sprint closure
14Scrum ReportsBurndown chart, Velocity chart, Sprint report, Story point trends, Retrospective
15Kanban ReportsCumulative flow diagram, Lead time, Cycle time, Throughput, Bottlenecks
16Filters and JQL BasicsSearch tools, Basic search, JQL syntax, Save filters, Share filters
17Advanced JQLFunctions, Operators, Custom filters, Dynamic filters, Date filters
18DashboardsGadgets, Widgets, Custom dashboard, Sharing settings, Dashboard layout
19Automation RulesRule builder, Triggers, Conditions, Actions, Examples
20IntegrationsConfluence, Bitbucket, GitHub, Slack, Webhooks
21JIRA AdministrationAdmin settings, Permission schemes, Notification schemes, Issue type schemes, Global settings
22Advanced PermissionsProject roles, Permission matrix, Workflow permissions, Issue security levels, Role vs group
23Custom WorkflowsMulti-state workflow, Branching transitions, Approvals, Reopen transitions, SLA
24Data Import & ExportCSV import, Cloud migration, Data export, Bulk update, Backup
25Reports & InsightsDashboard analytics, Forecasting, Metrics for Scrum, Metrics for Kanban, KPI tracking
26Best PracticesNaming conventions, Workflow standards, Issue hygiene, Story writing, DoD
27Real-time CollaborationMentions, Comments, Issue linking, Confluence pages, Shared filters
28JIRA CustomizationThemes, Project branding, Custom icons, Labels, Components
29Hands-on ProjectCreate project, Build workflow, Create dashboard, Setup automation, Sprint practice
30Interview PreparationJIRA use cases, Admin scenarios, JQL questions, Reports questions, Best practices

Interview question

BASIC LEVEL

  1. What is JIRA and why is it used?
  2. Explain difference between Issue, Story, Task, Bug, and Epic.
  3. What is a JIRA Project?
  4. What are the main components of a JIRA Issue?
  5. What is a Workflow in JIRA?
  6. Difference between Scrum and Kanban boards in JIRA?
  7. How do you create an issue in JIRA?
  8. What is an Epic in JIRA?
  9. What is Sprint in JIRA?
  10. Explain Backlog in JIRA.
  11. What is a Story Point?
  12. How do you assign an issue to a user?
  13. What is Issue Priority?
  14. What is the purpose of Labels?
  15. What is an Assignee vs Reporter?
  16. What are Components in JIRA?
  17. What are Filters used for?
  18. What is JQL?
  19. Explain the workflow statuses.
  20. What is a Transition in workflow?
  21. What is the purpose of Comments?
  22. What is the use of Attachments?
  23. How to search an issue in JIRA?
  24. What are Sub-tasks?
  25. What is Sprint Burndown Chart?

INTERMEDIATE LEVEL

  1. Difference between Classic and Next-gen project.
  2. What are Project Roles in JIRA?
  3. What is the Permission Scheme?
  4. How do you customize workflows?
  5. Explain Post Functions in JIRA workflow.
  6. What are Conditions in JIRA workflow?
  7. What are Validators in workflow transitions?
  8. What is a Workflow Scheme?
  9. What are Custom Fields?
  10. How do you create a Custom Field?
  11. What is Issue Linking?
  12. What is Issue Cloning?
  13. Explain Sprint Velocity Chart.
  14. What is Estimation in JIRA?
  15. What is the purpose of Agile Reports in JIRA?
  16. How to create and manage Dashboards?
  17. How to create Saved Filters?
  18. How to share filters with the team?
  19. What is Release/Version in JIRA?
  20. Explain Fix Version vs Affects Version.
  21. What is JIRA Marketplace?
  22. How do you import issues from CSV?
  23. Explain Bulk Change operation.
  24. What is Epic Link?
  25. What is Parent Link?

ADVANCED LEVEL

  1. Explain JQL syntax.
  2. What are common JQL functions?
  3. How to search issues updated in last 7 days with JQL?
  4. How to search all unresolved bugs?
  5. How do you implement approval workflow?
  6. Explain multi-step workflow with branching.
  7. What is SLA in JIRA Service Desk?
  8. How do you implement SLA in workflow?
  9. What is Automation Rules in JIRA?
  10. Explain Triggers in Automation.
  11. What is Jira Webhook?
  12. How to integrate JIRA with GitHub?
  13. How to integrate JIRA with Bitbucket?
  14. What is Project Category?
  15. What is Security Level in issues?
  16. What is the difference between Permission Scheme and Issue Security?
  17. How to configure email notifications?
  18. What is Notification Scheme?
  19. What is Issue Type Scheme?
  20. What is Field Configuration Scheme?
  21. How do you archive a project?
  22. How do you migrate a project?
  23. Explain Jira Cloud vs Jira Server.
  24. How to troubleshoot automation rule failures?
  25. Explain backlog grooming using JIRA.

EXPERT LEVEL

  1. Explain JIRA Architecture.
  2. How to design enterprise-level JIRA workflow?
  3. How to set up Multi-project workflows?
  4. Explain Deep configurations for Advanced Roadmaps.
  5. What is Portfolio Management in JIRA?
  6. How to design cross-project dependencies?
  7. What is Advanced Roadmaps (Portfolio)?
  8. How do you implement SAFe in JIRA?
  9. Explain Program Increment (PI) planning using JIRA.
  10. How to implement Kanban at scale?
  11. What is a Jira REST API?
  12. How do you query JIRA using REST API?
  13. How to automate issue creation via API?
  14. Explain Jira Webhooks with CI/CD pipeline.
  15. How to integrate JIRA with Jenkins?
  16. What is User Directory configuration?
  17. How to implement SSO in JIRA?
  18. Explain LDAP integration.
  19. How to perform Performance Tuning?
  20. What is Disaster Recovery for JIRA?
  21. How to scale JIRA Server with clustering?
  22. How do you perform audit logging?
  23. How do you configure observability for
  24. Explain Backup and Restore strategy.
  25. What are JIRA best practices for enterprise Agile?

Related Topics


#Microservice

#Microservice

Key Concepts


S.No Topic Sub-Topics
1Introduction to MicroservicesWhat are microservices, Monolith vs Microservices, Principles, Benefits, Challenges
2Microservices ArchitectureService boundaries, Loose coupling, High cohesion, Domain-driven design, Scalability
3Domain Driven DesignUbiquitous language, Entities, Value objects, Aggregates, Bounded contexts
4Service Communication PatternsSync vs Async, REST, gRPC, Messaging, Event-driven
5API DesignResource design, API versioning, Idempotency, Pagination, Error handling
6Service DiscoveryClient-side discovery, Server-side discovery, Registry, Eureka, Consul
7API GatewayEdge service, Routing, SSL termination, Authentication, Rate limiting
8Configuration ManagementCentralized config, Spring Cloud Config, Encryption, Refresh scope, Nacos
9Load BalancingRibbon, Spring Cloud LoadBalancer, Client-side LB, Server-side LB, Weighted strategy
10Circuit Breaker PatternResilience4j, Hystrix, Retry, Timeout, Bulkhead
11Event-driven ArchitectureKafka, RabbitMQ, Event sourcing, CQRS, Message patterns
12Database StrategiesPolyglot persistence, Shared DB pitfalls, Eventual consistency, Saga pattern, Outbox
13Data Management PatternsCQRS, Event Sourcing, Change data capture, CDC tools, Data consistency
14Security in MicroservicesOAuth2, JWT, Mutual TLS, Zero trust, API security
15Observability BasicsLogging, Metrics, Tracing, Health checks, Alerting
16Centralized LoggingELK stack, OpenTelemetry, Log aggregation, Log context, Trace IDs
17Distributed TracingOpenTelemetry, Jaeger, Zipkin, Trace propagation, Span analysis
18Metrics and MonitoringPrometheus, Grafana, SLOs, SLIs, Dashboards
19Scaling MicroservicesHorizontal scaling, Auto scaling, Stateless design, Load tests, Bottleneck analysis
20ContainerizationDockerfile, Best practices, Multi-stage build, Container scanning, Local dev
21Container OrchestrationKubernetes basics, Deployment, StatefulSets, Services, Ingress
22Service MeshIstio, Linkerd, Sidecar proxy, Traffic management, Policy enforcement
23Testing MicroservicesUnit tests, Contract testing, Testcontainers, Integration tests, Performance tests
24Async MessagingKafka, Producer design, Consumer lag, Message ordering, Retry patterns
25Fault ToleranceFail fast, Graceful degradation, Retries, Timeout strategy, Dead letter queue
26Deployment StrategiesBlue-green, Canary, Rolling updates, Progressive delivery, Feature flags
27Cloud-native Microservices12-factor app, Config as code, Secrets, Cloud services, Observability
28Microservices Anti-patternsShared DB, Centralized communication, God service, Tight coupling, Over engineering
29Hands-on ProjectGateway config, Discovery service, 3 services, Kafka integration, Alerts setup
30Interview PreparationArchitecture diagram, Design questions, Resilience patterns, Trade-offs, Best practices

Interview question

1. Fundamentals

  1. What are microservices and how are they different from monoliths in Java projects?
  2. Explain the role of Spring Boot in building microservices.
  3. Why are microservices considered loosely coupled and highly cohesive?
  4. What is the advantage of using embedded servers (Tomcat/Jetty) in Spring Boot microservices?
  5. How do you configure properties in Spring Boot microservices?
  6. What is the significance of application.yml in Spring Boot?
  7. What are the benefits of using microservices for large Java enterprise apps?
  8. How do microservices promote independent deployments?
  9. What challenges exist when moving a legacy Java monolith to microservices?
  10. How does Domain-Driven Design (DDD) help in microservices design?
  11. What is bounded context and why is it important?
  12. How do you choose the right service granularity in Java projects?
  13. What is a self-contained system in microservices?
  14. Compare modular monolith vs microservices in Java.
  15. How do you externalize configuration in Java microservices?
  16. What is the role of Spring Initializr in microservices development?
  17. Why are fat JARs preferred in Java microservices?
  18. How do you secure configuration properties in Spring Boot?
  19. What is the role of profiles (@Profile) in Spring Boot?
  20. How do you bootstrap a microservice ecosystem for a Java enterprise app?

2. Architecture & Design Patterns

  1. What are common design patterns in microservices (e.g., Saga, CQRS, API Gateway)?
  2. Explain the role of API Gateway in a Spring Cloud ecosystem.
  3. What is the strangler fig pattern in migrating Java monoliths?
  4. Explain choreography vs orchestration with Java examples.
  5. What is the role of Spring Cloud in microservice architectures?
  6. Compare layered architecture vs hexagonal (ports & adapters).
  7. What are the drawbacks of distributed monoliths?
  8. How do you handle inter-service communication in Java microservices?
  9. What is the Backend-for-Frontend (BFF) pattern?
  10. How do you apply the Circuit Breaker pattern in Spring Cloud?
  11. What is the Sidecar pattern in microservices?
  12. How do you apply the Bulkhead pattern in Java microservices?
  13. What is service choreography with Kafka in Java?
  14. How do you implement the Strangler pattern in a Java migration project?
  15. What is the Saga pattern in distributed transactions?
  16. How is CQRS implemented in Java with Spring Boot?
  17. Explain repository vs DAO pattern in a microservices context.
  18. What is eventual consistency and how do you achieve it in Java?
  19. How do you handle cross-cutting concerns (logging, security) in Java microservices?
  20. Compare synchronous and asynchronous architecture styles with examples in Java.

3. Communication

  1. How do microservices communicate using REST in Spring Boot?
  2. How do you implement synchronous calls using RestTemplate vs WebClient?
  3. What are the pros/cons of synchronous REST vs asynchronous messaging?
  4. What is Feign Client in Spring Cloud?
  5. How do you handle retries and timeouts in Feign clients?
  6. Explain circuit breaker with Feign + Resilience4j.
  7. How do you propagate request headers across services?
  8. What is gRPC and can it be used with Java microservices?
  9. How do you implement Pub/Sub messaging using Kafka in Java?
  10. What is a dead-letter queue in Kafka?
  11. How do you ensure idempotency in message processing?
  12. What is Spring Cloud Stream?
  13. How does backpressure work in Kafka consumers?
  14. How do you secure inter-service communication in Java?
  15. What is distributed event streaming?
  16. How do you implement request-response over Kafka?
  17. Compare RabbitMQ and Kafka in Java microservices.
  18. How do you implement fan-out communication in Kafka?
  19. What is correlation ID and how do you implement it in Java microservices?
  20. How do you monitor message delivery in Kafka?

4. Service Discovery

  1. What is service discovery in microservices?
  2. How do you use Netflix Eureka with Spring Boot?
  3. What is client-side vs server-side discovery?
  4. Compare Eureka, Consul, and Zookeeper.
  5. How do you configure Eureka client in Spring Boot?
  6. What is Ribbon and how does it work with Eureka?
  7. Why was Ribbon deprecated and what replaces it?
  8. What is Spring Cloud LoadBalancer?
  9. How do you integrate service discovery with Kubernetes?
  10. How do you secure service discovery in production?
  11. How do you handle stale instances in service registry?
  12. What is DNS-based discovery in cloud environments?
  13. What are the benefits of Consul over Eureka?
  14. How do you achieve multi-region discovery in Java?
  15. What happens if a service registry goes down?
  16. How do you scale service registries?
  17. What is the difference between service discovery and API Gateway routing?
  18. What is health check integration with discovery?
  19. How do you refresh service registration dynamically?
  20. How does Kubernetes service discovery differ from Spring Cloud Eureka?

5. Data Management

  1. Why is ?database per service? recommended in microservices?
  2. What are the challenges with shared databases?
  3. How do you implement distributed transactions in Java microservices?
  4. What is the Saga pattern and how is it implemented in Java?
  5. What is event sourcing and how can it be implemented in Java?
  6. What is the CQRS pattern and its use in microservices?
  7. How do you maintain data consistency across services?
  8. How do you implement distributed caching in Java?
  9. What is API composition in microservices?
  10. How do you use Spring Data JPA in microservices?
  11. What is optimistic locking vs pessimistic locking?
  12. How do you handle schema evolution in microservices?
  13. What is polyglot persistence?
  14. How do you ensure transactional boundaries in microservices?
  15. What are compensating transactions?
  16. How do you replicate data across services?
  17. What is eventual consistency and how to achieve it with Kafka?
  18. What is database sharding?
  19. How do you monitor database performance in microservices?
  20. What is distributed caching with Redis in Java?

6. Resiliency & Fault Tolerance

  1. What is fault tolerance in microservices?
  2. How do you implement circuit breakers in Java microservices?
  3. Compare Netflix Hystrix and Resilience4j.
  4. How do you implement retries with exponential backoff in Spring Boot?
  5. What is bulkhead pattern and how is it used?
  6. How do you configure timeouts in Spring Cloud?
  7. What is fallback in Resilience4j?
  8. How do you prevent cascading failures in microservices?
  9. What is rate limiting and how is it implemented?
  10. How do you handle service unavailability in Java?
  11. How do you test resiliency in microservices?
  12. What is the fail-fast principle?
  13. How do you isolate thread pools in Resilience4j?
  14. What is adaptive throttling?
  15. How do you handle retries in Kafka consumers?
  16. What is chaos engineering?
  17. How do you build self-healing microservices?
  18. What is service degradation?
  19. How do you monitor circuit breaker metrics?
  20. What is the difference between fault tolerance and high availability?

7. Security

  1. How do you secure REST APIs in Spring Boot?
  2. What is OAuth2 and how is it implemented in Spring Security?
  3. What is JWT and how do you use it in microservices?
  4. Compare session-based vs token-based authentication.
  5. How do you implement Single Sign-On (SSO) in microservices?
  6. How does Keycloak integrate with Java microservices?
  7. What is mTLS (mutual TLS) and why is it used?
  8. How do you store and manage secrets in Java apps?
  9. What is role-based access control (RBAC)?
  10. What is attribute-based access control (ABAC)?
  11. How do you handle API Gateway security in Spring Cloud?
  12. How do you rotate secrets and keys?
  13. What is zero-trust security model?
  14. How do you handle CSRF in microservices?
  15. What is rate limiting for security?
  16. How do you secure Kafka topics?
  17. What is API throttling?
  18. How do you perform penetration testing for Java microservices?
  19. What are OWASP top risks for microservices?
  20. How do you implement security monitoring in microservices?

8. Observability

  1. What is observability in microservices?
  2. Difference between monitoring and observability?
  3. How do you implement centralized logging in Java microservices?
  4. What is ELK/EFK stack?
  5. How do you implement distributed tracing with Sleuth?
  6. What is Zipkin and how is it integrated?
  7. What is Jaeger and how is it different from Zipkin?
  8. What is OpenTelemetry and how does it work?
  9. How do you trace a request across services?
  10. How do you implement correlation IDs?
  11. How do you implement health checks in Spring Boot?
  12. What is Micrometer in Spring Boot?
  13. How do you integrate Prometheus with Spring Boot?
  14. What is Grafana and how do you use it with Prometheus?
  15. How do you implement custom metrics in Spring Boot?
  16. How do you set up alerts for microservices?
  17. How do you debug slow API calls in distributed systems?
  18. What is log aggregation?
  19. How do you handle log correlation in async flows?
  20. What are golden signals in observability?

9. Deployment (Docker & Kubernetes)

  1. Why are containers used in microservices?
  2. How do you Dockerize a Spring Boot microservice?
  3. What is a Dockerfile and how is it written for Java apps?
  4. What is the difference between ENTRYPOINT and CMD in Docker?
  5. How do you configure environment variables in Docker?
  6. What is Kubernetes and why is it used with microservices?
  7. What is a Kubernetes pod?
  8. What is a deployment in Kubernetes?
  9. What is a Kubernetes service?
  10. How do you expose microservices using Ingress?
  11. What is ConfigMap in Kubernetes?
  12. What is a Secret in Kubernetes?
  13. What is a sidecar container?
  14. What is Istio and what problems does it solve?
  15. How do you implement service mesh in Kubernetes?
  16. What is rolling update in Kubernetes?
  17. How do you implement blue-green deployment in Kubernetes?
  18. What is canary deployment?
  19. How do you handle scaling in Kubernetes?
  20. How do you secure microservices in Kubernetes?

10. Testing

  1. How do you test microservices in Java?
  2. What is unit testing in Spring Boot?
  3. What is integration testing with Spring Boot Test?
  4. How do you use TestContainers in microservices testing?
  5. What is contract testing and why is it important?
  6. How do you use Pact for consumer-driven contracts?
  7. How do you mock dependencies in unit tests?
  8. What is WireMock and how do you use it?
  9. How do you test asynchronous flows?
  10. What is chaos testing?
  11. How do you load test microservices?
  12. How do you use JMeter for performance testing?
  13. How do you use Gatling for load testing?
  14. What is resilience testing?
  15. How do you test API Gateway routes?
  16. How do you test security in microservices?
  17. What is fault injection testing?
  18. How do you automate tests in CI/CD?
  19. What is canary testing?
  20. What is end-to-end testing in microservices?


Related Topics


13 September 2025

#Mockito

#Mockito

Key Concepts


S.No Topic Sub-Topics
1 Introduction to Mockito What is Mockito?, Features, Benefits, Use cases, Unit testing overview
2 Mockito Architecture Mocking framework, Core concepts, Stubbing, Verification, Interaction testing
3 Setting up Mockito Maven dependency, Gradle dependency, IDE setup, JUnit integration, Project configuration
4 Annotations in Mockito @Mock, @InjectMocks, @Spy, @Captor, @RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
5 Creating Mocks mock() method, @Mock annotation, Spy, Difference between mock and spy, Mocking interfaces
6 Stubbing Methods when-thenReturn, thenThrow, thenAnswer, doReturn, doThrow
7 Verifying Interactions verify(), times(), never(), atLeastOnce(), atMost()
8 Argument Matchers any(), eq(), anyString(), anyInt(), custom matchers
9 Spy vs Mock Partial mocking, Real method call, Difference, Use cases, Limitations
10 Capturing Arguments ArgumentCaptor, capture(), verify, getValue(), getAllValues()
11 BDD Style Testing given(), when(), then(), BDDMockito, Benefits, Examples
12 Mocking Void Methods doNothing(), doThrow(), doAnswer(), verify, Handling exceptions
13 Mocking Static Methods Mockito.mockStatic(), try-with-resources, when-then, Use cases, Best practices
14 Mocking Final Classes & Methods Mockito-inline, Limitations, Stubbing final methods, Use cases, Configuration
15 Mocking Private Methods Partial mocking, Spy, Reflection, PowerMockito, Use cases
16 Consecutive Calls Stubbing thenReturn multiple values, thenThrow multiple exceptions, doAnswer, Chaining calls, Examples
17 Timeouts & Verification verify with timeout, async testing, atLeast(), atMost(), Examples
18 Resetting Mocks reset(), Clear invocations, When to reset, Best practices, Examples
19 Mocking Collections List, Map, Set, Iteration, Stubbing methods
20 Mocking Exceptions thenThrow, doThrow, Handling checked exceptions, Handling runtime exceptions, Use cases
21 Verifying Order of Invocations InOrder, verify sequence, Multiple mocks, Examples, Best practices
22 Timeout Verification verify with timeout, Asynchronous calls, Testing delays, Examples, Best practices
23 Integration with JUnit JUnit 4, JUnit 5, Annotations, Running tests, Reporting
24 Integration with TestNG TestNG setup, Annotations, Assertions, Running tests, Reporting
25 Best Practices in Mockito Reusable mocks, Clear naming, Avoid over-mocking, Use annotations, Maintain readability
26 Mockito & Spring Boot @MockBean, @SpyBean, Application context, Integration tests, Unit tests
27 Behavior-Driven Testing given-when-then, BDDMockito, Readable tests, Real-life scenarios, Best practices
28 Advanced Stubbing Techniques doAnswer, doReturn, doThrow, Chained stubbing, Conditional stubbing
29 Hands-on Projects Mocking service layer, Repository mocking, API testing, Integration with JUnit, Reporting
30 Certification & Career Path Mockito certification, Learning resources, Portfolio projects, Advanced testing skills, Career opportunities

Interview question

Basic

  1. What is Mockito?
  2. What are the main features of Mockito?
  3. Explain the difference between mock and spy.
  4. What is the purpose of mocking in unit testing?
  5. What is a stub in Mockito?
  6. How do you create a mock in Mockito?
  7. How do you create a spy in Mockito?
  8. What is the difference between @Mock and @Spy annotations?
  9. What is @InjectMocks used for?
  10. How do you reset a mock?
  11. What is the difference between mock() and Mockito.mock()?
  12. How do you verify interactions with a mock object?
  13. What is the difference between verify() and when()?
  14. Explain the difference between JUnit and Mockito.
  15. How do you handle void methods in Mockito?
  16. What is doNothing()?
  17. What is doThrow()?
  18. How do you use doAnswer()?
  19. How do you capture method arguments?
  20. What is ArgumentCaptor?
  21. How do you mock an interface?
  22. How do you mock a class?
  23. Can Mockito mock final classes or methods?
  24. Can Mockito mock static methods?
  25. How do you handle checked exceptions in Mockito?

Intermediate

  1. What is BDDMockito?
  2. Explain given-when-then syntax.
  3. How do you perform consecutive stubbing?
  4. How do you stub multiple method calls?
  5. How do you use any() and eq() argument matchers?
  6. What is the difference between any() and anyInt()?
  7. How do you verify method call order?
  8. What is InOrder?
  9. How do you verify method calls happened at least or at most?
  10. How do you verify that a method was never called?
  11. How do you handle asynchronous method calls?
  12. How do you set timeout for verification?
  13. How do you stub a method to throw multiple exceptions?
  14. What is doReturn()?
  15. When would you use doReturn instead of when()?
  16. How do you mock private methods?
  17. How do you mock constructors?
  18. How do you integrate Mockito with JUnit 4?
  19. How do you integrate Mockito with JUnit 5?
  20. How do you integrate Mockito with TestNG?
  21. What are the limitations of Mockito?
  22. How do you mock collections?
  23. How do you mock lists and maps?
  24. How do you mock chained method calls?
  25. How do you mock dynamic return values?

Advanced

  1. How do you use doAnswer for advanced stubbing?
  2. How do you handle argument validation in stubbing?
  3. How do you mock final classes using Mockito-inline?
  4. How do you mock static methods using Mockito 4+?
  5. How do you verify static method invocations?
  6. How do you mock private static methods?
  7. How do you handle deep stubbing?
  8. What is the difference between mockito-core and mockito-inline?
  9. How do you integrate Mockito with Spring Boot?
  10. What is @MockBean?
  11. What is @SpyBean?
  12. How do you write unit tests for service layers?
  13. How do you write unit tests for repository layers?
  14. How do you handle database integration in Mockito?
  15. How do you mock REST APIs in unit tests?
  16. How do you mock SOAP services?
  17. How do you mock WebClient or RestTemplate?
  18. How do you handle exceptions in unit tests using Mockito?
  19. How do you verify that a method throws an exception?
  20. How do you handle optional return types in mocks?
  21. How do you mock void methods that throw exceptions?
  22. How do you perform parameterized tests with Mockito?
  23. How do you use Mockito for data-driven testing?
  24. How do you mock multi-threaded operations?
  25. How do you handle concurrency in unit tests using Mockito?

Expert

  1. How do you implement behavior-driven development (BDD) with Mockito?
  2. How do you create reusable mocks?
  3. How do you structure large-scale unit tests using Mockito?
  4. How do you manage dependencies in complex tests?
  5. How do you mock third-party libraries?
  6. How do you handle API versioning in mocked services?
  7. How do you mock time-dependent methods?
  8. How do you mock random number generation?
  9. How do you handle environment-specific configurations in mocks?
  10. How do you integrate Mockito with CI/CD pipelines?
  11. How do you mock security context in Spring Boot?
  12. How do you mock JWT tokens?
  13. How do you mock OAuth2 authentication?
  14. How do you handle logging in unit tests?
  15. How do you create custom argument matchers?
  16. How do you mock chained builder patterns?
  17. How do you mock complex nested objects?
  18. How do you mock generic types?
  19. How do you handle legacy code testing with Mockito?
  20. How do you mock external systems in unit tests?
  21. How do you enforce best practices in mocking?
  22. How do you maintain test readability in large projects?
  23. How do you measure test coverage for mocked tests?
  24. How do you implement automated test reporting?
  25. How do you prepare for Mockito-based interviews?

Related Topics


#GenAI

#GenAI

Key Concepts


Topic SubTopics Basic Intermediate Advanced Expert
Introduction to GenAI Definition, Key Features, Use Cases, Differences from Traditional AI
Generative Models GANs, VAEs, Diffusion Models, Autoregressive Models
GANs (Generative Adversarial Networks) Generator, Discriminator, Training, Loss Functions
VAEs (Variational Autoencoders) Encoder, Decoder, Latent Space, KL Divergence
Diffusion Models Denoising, Score-based Models, Sampling Techniques
Transformers in GenAI Attention Mechanism, Self-Attention, Encoder-Decoder
Large Language Models (LLMs) GPT, BERT, LLaMA, Tokenization, Context Windows
Prompt Engineering Zero-shot, Few-shot, Chain-of-thought, Prompt Tuning
Fine-tuning & Adaptation Parameter-efficient Fine-tuning, LoRA, PEFT, Domain Adaptation
Text Generation Autoregressive Text, Temperature, Top-k, Top-p Sampling
Image Generation DALL-E, Stable Diffusion, ControlNet, Inpainting
Audio & Music Generation Text-to-Speech, Music Synthesis, Voice Cloning
Multimodal GenAI Text-to-Image, Text-to-Audio, Image-to-Text, Video Generation
Evaluation Metrics Perplexity, FID, IS, BLEU, Human Evaluation
Ethics & Safety Bias, Hallucinations, Deepfakes, Responsible AI, Mitigation
Deployment & Scaling Model Serving, Cloud GenAI, API Integration, Latency Optimization
Optimization & Compression Quantization, Pruning, Distillation, Efficient Inference
Data & Training Pretraining Datasets, Data Augmentation, Synthetic Data
Security & Privacy Differential Privacy, Federated Learning, Secure Data Handling
GenAI in Industry Chatbots, Virtual Assistants, Content Creation, Gaming
Research & Emerging Trends Foundation Models, Self-Supervised Learning, Multimodal LLMs
Human-in-the-Loop (HITL) Feedback Loops, Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback (RLHF)
Evaluation & Benchmarking HELM, MMLU, HumanEval, AI Alignment Benchmarks
Explainability & Interpretability Attribution Methods, Attention Visualization, Model Insights
Future Directions AGI Pathways, AI Alignment, Autonomous GenAI Agents

Interview question

📘 Basic Level

  1. What is Generative AI (GenAI)?
  2. What are the key features of GenAI?
  3. How is GenAI different from traditional AI?
  4. What are some common use cases of GenAI?
  5. What is a generative model?
  6. What are GANs (Generative Adversarial Networks)?
  7. What is a Variational Autoencoder (VAE)?
  8. What are diffusion models in GenAI?
  9. What is an autoregressive model?
  10. What is the role of a generator in GANs?
  11. What is the role of a discriminator in GANs?
  12. What is latent space in VAEs?
  13. What is the difference between supervised and unsupervised GenAI models?
  14. What is tokenization in NLP-based GenAI?
  15. What is a transformer?
  16. What are attention and self-attention mechanisms?
  17. What are Large Language Models (LLMs)?
  18. What is the context window in LLMs?
  19. What is prompt engineering?
  20. What is zero-shot learning?
  21. What is few-shot learning?
  22. What is the difference between generative and discriminative models?
  23. What is text generation?
  24. What is image generation using AI?
  25. What are some common ethical concerns in GenAI?

📗 Intermediate Level

  1. How do GANs generate realistic data?
  2. What is KL Divergence in VAEs?
  3. What is the training process of a GAN?
  4. How do diffusion models generate images?
  5. What is the difference between DALL-E and Stable Diffusion?
  6. What is inpainting in image generation?
  7. How does reinforcement learning fit into GenAI?
  8. What is RLHF (Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback)?
  9. What is the temperature parameter in text generation?
  10. What are top-k and top-p sampling strategies?
  11. How do transformers improve NLP tasks?
  12. What is BERT and its use case?
  13. What is GPT and how does it work?
  14. How do embeddings work in text generation?
  15. What is multimodal GenAI?
  16. What is text-to-image generation?
  17. What is text-to-audio generation?
  18. How is synthetic data used in GenAI training?
  19. What is prompt tuning?
  20. How do you prevent hallucinations in LLMs?
  21. How is human-in-the-loop used in GenAI?
  22. How do you evaluate GenAI models?
  23. What is FID (Fréchet Inception Distance)?
  24. What is BLEU score for text evaluation?
  25. What are common safety measures in GenAI applications?

📕 Advanced Level

  1. How do GANs and VAEs differ in their approach?
  2. What is a conditional GAN?
  3. How does StyleGAN work?
  4. What is a diffusion denoising process?
  5. How do you fine-tune large language models?
  6. What is parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT)?
  7. What is LoRA in GenAI model tuning?
  8. How do transformers handle long sequences?
  9. What are attention heads in transformers?
  10. How does a transformer encoder-decoder architecture work?
  11. How do you handle context in long text generations?
  12. How do you implement multi-modal GenAI pipelines?
  13. How do you perform prompt engineering for complex tasks?
  14. How do you evaluate generative models quantitatively?
  15. What is the role of synthetic data in model generalization?
  16. How do you implement model distillation?
  17. How do you compress large GenAI models for deployment?
  18. How do you handle bias in GenAI models?
  19. How do you integrate GenAI models into applications?
  20. How do you optimize inference for latency and memory?
  21. How do you perform few-shot learning with LLMs?
  22. How do you evaluate multimodal models?
  23. What is chain-of-thought prompting?
  24. How do you handle adversarial inputs in GenAI?
  25. How do you implement domain-specific GenAI models?

📓 Expert Level

  1. How do you design scalable GenAI architectures?
  2. How do you deploy GenAI models in production?
  3. How do you perform distributed training for LLMs?
  4. How do you monitor model drift in GenAI?
  5. How do you implement online learning in GenAI systems?
  6. How do you handle privacy and security in GenAI?
  7. How do you implement AI alignment and safety measures?
  8. How do you design multi-agent generative systems?
  9. How do you perform evaluation at enterprise scale?
  10. How do you optimize transformer models for edge devices?
  11. How do you implement self-supervised pretraining?
  12. How do you handle zero-shot and few-shot generation at scale?
  13. How do you implement GenAI for real-time applications?
  14. How do you integrate GenAI with existing cloud services?
  15. How do you handle adversarial attacks in GenAI models?
  16. How do you design multimodal AI agents?
  17. How do you implement explainable GenAI (XAI) for complex tasks?
  18. How do you optimize diffusion models for faster sampling?
  19. How do you evaluate alignment of GenAI with human preferences?
  20. How do you perform large-scale model evaluation benchmarks?
  21. How do you implement GenAI pipelines in production MLOps?
  22. How do you handle domain adaptation in GenAI models?
  23. How do you implement iterative feedback loops with human evaluators?
  24. How do you integrate GenAI for autonomous decision-making?
  25. What are emerging trends and future directions in GenAI (AGI, autonomous agents, self-supervised learning)?

Related Topics


#LLM

#LLM Frameworks

Key Concepts


S.No Topic Sub-Topics
1Introduction to LLM FrameworksDefinition, Importance, Applications, Types of LLMs, Industry trends
2Overview of Large Language ModelsGPT, BERT, LLaMA, PaLM, Key concepts
3Transformers ArchitectureAttention mechanism, Encoder-decoder, Self-attention, Multi-head attention, Positional encoding
4Tokenization TechniquesWordPiece, Byte-Pair Encoding, SentencePiece, Tokenization libraries, Preprocessing
5Embedding RepresentationsWord embeddings, Contextual embeddings, Positional embeddings, Dimensionality, Fine-tuning
6Pretrained Models & FrameworksHugging Face, OpenAI GPT, Cohere, Meta LLaMA, Integration
7Fine-tuning LLMsSupervised fine-tuning, Parameter-efficient tuning, LoRA, PEFT, Evaluation
8Prompt EngineeringPrompt design, Zero-shot, Few-shot, Chain-of-thought, Best practices
9LLM Training PipelinesData preprocessing, Dataset curation, Training loop, Checkpointing, Monitoring
10Inference OptimizationQuantization, Pruning, Mixed precision, Batch inference, Latency optimization
11Evaluation MetricsPerplexity, BLEU, ROUGE, Accuracy, Human evaluation
12LLM Frameworks ComparisonHugging Face, OpenAI, Cohere, Meta LLaMA, LangChain integration
13Integration with APIsREST API, SDKs, Streaming, Rate limiting, Authentication
14Vector Databases & LLMsPinecone, Weaviate, Milvus, FAISS, Embedding storage
15LangChain FrameworkChains, Agents, Memory, Tools, Integrations
16RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation)Definition, Pipelines, Vector search, Integration with LLMs, Applications
17LLM for NLP TasksText classification, Summarization, NER, QA systems, Sentiment analysis
18LLM for Code GenerationCode understanding, Generation, Auto-completion, Evaluation, Tools
19Multi-modal LLMsText-to-image, Text-to-speech, Vision-language models, Applications, Frameworks
20LLM Deployment StrategiesCloud deployment, On-premise deployment, Edge deployment, Monitoring, Scaling
21LLM Security & PrivacyData privacy, Model watermarking, Access control, Compliance, Threats
22Prompt Tuning & Instruction TuningSoft prompts, Instruction datasets, Fine-tuning strategies, Evaluation, Best practices
23RLHF (Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback)Concept, Training pipeline, Reward model, Applications, Challenges
24Open-source LLM FrameworksHugging Face, LLaMA, Falcon, MPT, Integration tools
25LLM in Chatbots & Virtual AssistantsConversation design, Context handling, Multi-turn dialogue, Personalization, Evaluation
26Monitoring LLMs in ProductionLogging, Metrics, Drift detection, Alerting, Performance tracking
27Cost Optimization in LLM UsageCompute optimization, Model selection, Batch inference, Quantization, Cloud cost management
28Ethics & Bias in LLMsBias detection, Fairness, Mitigation strategies, Responsible AI, Regulatory compliance
29Future Trends in LLM FrameworksMultilingual models, Model scaling, Efficiency improvements, AGI research, Emerging frameworks
30Career Path & LLM OpportunitiesLLM engineer, Researcher, AI consultant, Skill development, Industry roles

Interview question

🟢 Basic Level

  1. What is a Large Language Model (LLM)?
  2. What is a language model?
  3. Difference between AI, ML, NLP, and LLMs.
  4. What is a token in an LLM?
  5. What is tokenization?
  6. What is vocabulary in an LLM?
  7. What is a transformer model?
  8. What is a parameter in an LLM?
  9. What is a hidden layer?
  10. What is a neural network?
  11. What is an embedding?
  12. What is pre-training?
  13. What is fine-tuning?
  14. What is prompt?
  15. What is context length?
  16. What is inference in LLMs?
  17. What is temperature in decoding?
  18. What is top-k sampling?
  19. What is top-p (nucleus) sampling?
  20. What is greedy decoding?
  21. What is beam search?
  22. What is hallucination in LLMs?
  23. What is a checkpoint?
  24. What is a causal language model?
  25. Difference between encoder, decoder, and encoder-decoder models.

🟡 Intermediate Level

  1. Explain self-attention.
  2. What is multi-head attention?
  3. What is positional encoding?
  4. What is layer normalization?
  5. What is a transformer block?
  6. What is masked self-attention?
  7. What is cross-attention?
  8. What is sequence-to-sequence modeling?
  9. What is model perplexity?
  10. What is loss function in LLM training?
  11. What is gradient descent?
  12. What is batch size?
  13. What is a learning rate?
  14. What is distributed training?
  15. What is transfer learning in LLMs?
  16. What is instruction tuning?
  17. What is SFT (Supervised Fine-Tuning)?
  18. What is RLHF (Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback)?
  19. What is reward modeling?
  20. What is a system prompt?
  21. What are attention masks?
  22. What is a tokenizer vocabulary size?
  23. What is quantization in LLMs?
  24. What is model pruning?
  25. What is LoRA (Low-Rank Adaptation)?

🔵 Advanced Level

  1. Explain the transformer architecture from end to end.
  2. What is KV cache?
  3. What is rotary positional embedding (RoPE)?
  4. What is ALiBi?
  5. What is FlashAttention?
  6. What are Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models?
  7. What is a gating network in MoE?
  8. What is gradient checkpointing?
  9. What is pipeline parallelism?
  10. Difference between tensor parallelism and data parallelism.
  11. What is sequence parallelism?
  12. What is speculative decoding?
  13. What is parallel decoding?
  14. What is lookahead decoding?
  15. What is a synthetic dataset for LLM training?
  16. How do you evaluate LLM safety?
  17. What is a benchmark dataset for LLMs?
  18. What is prompt injection attack?
  19. What is jailbreak in LLMs?
  20. What is adversarial prompting?
  21. What is retrieval-augmented generation (RAG)?
  22. What is a vector database?
  23. What are embeddings used for in RAG?
  24. What is chunking in RAG pipelines?
  25. How is latency reduced during LLM inference?

🔴 Expert Level

  1. What is reinforcement learning with AI feedback (RLAIF)?
  2. What is a self-supervised training objective?
  3. What is next-token prediction?
  4. What is masked language modeling (MLM)?
  5. What is contrastive learning in LLMs?
  6. What is alignment in AI systems?
  7. What is constitutional AI?
  8. What are safety guardrails in LLMs?
  9. Explain the architecture of GPT-style models.
  10. Explain the architecture of BERT-style models.
  11. Difference between decoder-only, encoder-only, encoder-decoder LLMs.
  12. What is multimodal LLM?
  13. What is vision-language pretraining?
  14. Explain why LLMs need huge compute resources.
  15. What is a sparse attention mechanism?
  16. What are multi-query attention models?
  17. What is inference optimization using quantized kernels?
  18. What is distillation for LLMs?
  19. What is agentic AI?
  20. What is tool-use capability in LLMs?
  21. What is memory-based agent architecture?
  22. What is the future of LLM scaling laws?
  23. What are responsible AI principles for LLMs?
  24. How do you secure LLMs against data poisoning?
  25. What are emerging research areas in LLMs?


Related Topics


   LangChain   
   LlamaIndex   
   Haystack Agents   

#AI Frameworks

#AI Frameworks

Key Concepts


S.No Topic Sub-Topics
1AI FrameworksDefinition, Types, Importance, Applications, Industry trends
2TensorFlow OverviewInstallation, Architecture, Graphs & Sessions, Tensors, Use cases
3TensorFlow BasicsConstants & Variables, Operations, Data pipelines, Gradient computation, Optimizers
4PyTorch OverviewInstallation, Tensors, Autograd, Modules, Applications
5PyTorch BasicsTensor operations, Neural networks, Loss functions, Optimizers, Training loop
6Keras OverviewInstallation, Sequential & Functional API, Layers, Optimizers, Callbacks
7Keras Model BuildingSequential model, Functional API, Model compilation, Training, Evaluation
8Scikit-learn OverviewInstallation, Preprocessing, Supervised learning, Unsupervised learning, Evaluation metrics
9Scikit-learn Model BuildingClassification, Regression, Clustering, Feature selection, Hyperparameter tuning
10Caffe FrameworkInstallation, Architecture, Layers, Model training, Deployment
11MXNet FrameworkInstallation, NDArray, Symbolic API, Gluon API, Deployment
12Theano FrameworkInstallation, Symbolic computation, Tensors, Optimizations, Limitations
13ONNX FrameworkOverview, Model interoperability, Export & Import, Integration, Applications
14Hugging Face TransformersInstallation, Pretrained models, Tokenizers, Fine-tuning, Applications
15Fastai FrameworkInstallation, Data blocks, Model creation, Training, Transfer learning
16OpenCV for AIInstallation, Image processing, Video processing, Computer vision models, Integration
17DeepSpeech FrameworkInstallation, Speech recognition, Training models, Inference, Applications
18Reinforcement Learning FrameworksOpenAI Gym, Stable Baselines, RLlib, Training agents, Use cases
19Explainable AI (XAI) FrameworksLIME, SHAP, InterpretML, Use cases, Integration
20AutoML FrameworksTPOT, AutoKeras, H2O.ai, Features, Model selection
21MLflow FrameworkExperiment tracking, Model registry, Deployment, Integration, Use cases
22Ray & Ray TuneInstallation, Distributed computing, Hyperparameter tuning, Integration, Examples
23AI Frameworks for NLPTransformers, SpaCy, NLTK, Gensim, Hugging Face
24AI Frameworks for Computer VisionOpenCV, TensorFlow CV, PyTorch CV, Detectron2, YOLO
25AI Frameworks for Reinforcement LearningOpenAI Gym, Stable Baselines, RLlib, Dopamine, Unity ML-Agents
26AI Frameworks for Speech RecognitionDeepSpeech, SpeechBrain, wav2vec, ESPnet, Integration
27Deployment of AI ModelsTensorFlow Serving, TorchServe, ONNX Runtime, Flask API, Cloud deployment
28Performance OptimizationGPU/TPU usage, Mixed precision, Quantization, Pruning, Profiling
29Integration with Cloud PlatformsAWS Sagemaker, GCP AI Platform, Azure ML, Deployment, Monitoring
30Future Trends in AI FrameworksMultimodal models, AutoML, Distributed AI, Edge AI, Research directions

Interview question

Basic

  1. What is an AI framework?
  2. Name three popular AI frameworks.
  3. What is TensorFlow used for?
  4. What is PyTorch used for?
  5. What is the difference between AI and ML?
  6. What is a neural network?
  7. What is a model checkpoint?
  8. What is the purpose of GPU in AI training?
  9. What is a dataset in machine learning?
  10. What are model parameters?
  11. What is an activation function?
  12. What is a tensor?
  13. What is Keras?
  14. What is ONNX?
  15. What is Scikit‑Learn used for?
  16. What is gradient descent?
  17. What is backpropagation?
  18. What is a loss function?
  19. What is a learning rate?
  20. What is the role of frameworks in AI development?
  21. What is a pre‑trained model?
  22. What is transfer learning?
  23. What is the purpose of a training loop?
  24. What is batch size?
  25. What is model evaluation?

Intermediate

  1. What are the advantages of TensorFlow over other frameworks?
  2. What is the difference between TensorFlow 1.x and 2.x?
  3. How does PyTorch differ from TensorFlow?
  4. What is eager execution?
  5. What is a computational graph?
  6. What is the role of CUDA in deep learning frameworks?
  7. What is a data loader in PyTorch?
  8. What are callbacks in TensorFlow/Keras?
  9. What is model serialization?
  10. What is ONNX Runtime?
  11. What is JAX, and why is it used?
  12. What are optimizers in AI frameworks?
  13. What is a custom layer in deep learning frameworks?
  14. What is the purpose of model profiling?
  15. What is quantization?
  16. What is pruning in deep learning models?
  17. What is mixed‑precision training?
  18. What is distributed training?
  19. What is a CNN framework?
  20. What is Hugging Face Transformers?
  21. What is the tokenization process?
  22. What is a graph neural network (GNN)?
  23. What is AutoML?
  24. What is MLflow?
  25. What is the difference between CPU, GPU, and TPU acceleration?

Advanced

  1. What is the architecture of TensorFlow?
  2. What is PyTorch Lightning?
  3. What is DeepSpeed used for?
  4. What is model parallelism?
  5. What is data parallelism?
  6. What is parameter server architecture?
  7. What is XLA compiler in TensorFlow?
  8. What is JIT compilation in PyTorch (TorchScript)?
  9. Explain the purpose of ONNX graph optimization.
  10. What is Ray for ML workflows?
  11. What is quantization‑aware training?
  12. Explain reinforcement learning frameworks.
  13. What is RLlib?
  14. What is TensorRT used for?
  15. Explain pipeline parallelism.
  16. What are attention mechanisms in deep learning?
  17. What is a transformer architecture?
  18. What are autoencoders?
  19. What is GAN framework support in PyTorch/TensorFlow?
  20. How does Hugging Face accelerate model training?
  21. What is LORA fine‑tuning?
  22. Explain the concept of embeddings.
  23. What is vectorization in deep learning frameworks?
  24. What is graph execution mode in TensorFlow?
  25. What is zero‑redundancy optimization (ZeRO)?

Expert

  1. How do large‑scale LLM training frameworks differ?
  2. What are limitations of TensorFlow for large‑scale systems?
  3. Explain the architecture of PyTorch Distributed.
  4. What are expert‑parallel models?
  5. Explain Mixture‑of‑Experts (MoE) frameworks.
  6. What is the role of compilers like TVM in AI pipelines?
  7. How do frameworks optimize memory usage during training?
  8. Explain the training stack for 10B+ parameter models.
  9. What is the role of Triton in GPU kernel optimization?
  10. How do AI frameworks handle fault tolerance?
  11. Explain advanced quantization (4‑bit, 2‑bit) in frameworks.
  12. What is FlashAttention, and how do frameworks implement it?
  13. Explain multi‑modal model framework design.
  14. How do frameworks support real‑time inference at scale?
  15. What is distributed checkpointing?
  16. How do frameworks integrate with vector databases?
  17. What is the role of inference runtimes like vLLM?
  18. Explain speculative decoding frameworks.
  19. What is JAX Pallas?
  20. Explain kernel fusion in deep learning frameworks.
  21. What is asynchronous pipeline execution?
  22. What architectural choices impact framework scalability?
  23. How do frameworks support 3D parallelism?
  24. Explain RLHF training stack support in AI frameworks.
  25. How are custom DSLs used in modern AI frameworks?


Related Topics


   AI Roles   
   LLM Frameworks   
   Agentic / Autonomous Agents   
   ML Frameworks   
   Deep Learning   
   GenAI   
   NLP   
   RAG   
   Computer Vision   
   Vector Databases   

#RestAssured

#RestAssured

Key Concepts


S.No Topic Sub-Topics
1 Introduction to RestAssured What is RestAssured?, Features, Benefits, Use cases, API testing overview
2 Setting Up RestAssured Maven project setup, Gradle setup, Dependency inclusion, IDE setup, Environment configuration
3 HTTP Methods GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, PATCH
4 Basic Request Structure Given, When, Then, Headers, Query parameters
5 Request Headers & Params Content-Type, Authorization, Query parameters, Path parameters, Form parameters
6 Request Body JSON payload, XML payload, POJO mapping, Multi-part requests, Dynamic data
7 Response Validation Status code validation, Response body validation, Headers validation, JSON schema validation, Extracting values
8 Matchers in RestAssured Hamcrest matchers, EqualTo, ContainsString, GreaterThan, Collection matchers
9 Path & JSON Parsing JsonPath, XMLPath, Extract response data, Nested objects, Arrays handling
10 Authentication Basic auth, Digest auth, OAuth 1.0, OAuth 2.0, API key
11 Logging Requests & Responses Log all, Log headers, Log body, Conditional logging, Debugging
12 Query & Path Parameters Simple parameters, Multiple parameters, Dynamic parameters, Encoding, Validation
13 Form & Multi-part Data Form parameters, File upload, Multi-part requests, Content type, Validation
14 Response Extraction Extract as String, Extract as JSON, Extract as XML, Headers, Cookies
15 BDD Style Testing Given-When-Then, Request specification, Response specification, Assertions, Examples
16 Request & Response Specification Reusable request spec, Reusable response spec, Base URI setup, Base path, Logging
17 Serialization & Deserialization POJO mapping, JSON to POJO, XML to POJO, Using Gson, Using Jackson
18 Headers & Cookies Handling Setting headers, Extracting headers, Cookies management, Validation, Security headers
19 Chaining Requests Multiple requests, Response to next request, Reusable specs, Dependency handling, Session management
20 Dynamic Data & Parameterization Data-driven testing, External files, JSON files, Excel files, Random data
21 Integration with TestNG Annotations, Before/After methods, DataProvider, Assertions, Reporting
22 Integration with JUnit Setup, Annotations, Assertions, Running tests, Reporting
23 Exception Handling Handling failures, Try-catch blocks, Logging errors, Validation failures, Debugging
24 Logging & Reporting Request logs, Response logs, TestNG reports, Extent reports, Custom logging
25 Mocking & Stubbing WireMock, Mock server, Stub response, Simulate API, Testing edge cases
26 API Versioning & Environment Base URI, Base path, Environment variables, Multiple environments, Switching environments
27 Advanced JSON Handling Nested JSON, Arrays, JSONPath expressions, Validation, Dynamic parsing
28 Advanced XML Handling XPath, Namespaces, Attributes, Node validation, Extracting values
29 Hands-on Projects CRUD API automation, E-commerce API testing, Authentication API testing, Data-driven API tests, Logging & reporting
30 Best Practices & Career Path Code organization, Reusable specs, Parameterization, CI/CD integration, Career opportunities

Interview question

Basic Level

  1. What is RestAssured?
  2. Why do we use RestAssured for API automation?
  3. How do you add RestAssured dependency in Maven?
  4. What is the baseURI in RestAssured?
  5. What is the difference between baseURI and basePath?
  6. How do you send a GET request using RestAssured?
  7. How do you validate a status code in RestAssured?
  8. What is the use of .then() in RestAssured?
  9. What is the syntax to log request response?
  10. How do you add query parameters?
  11. How do you add path parameters?
  12. How do you add headers in RestAssured?
  13. How do you validate response body fields?
  14. What is JSONPath?
  15. How do you parse JSON response in RestAssured?
  16. How do you perform POST API testing?
  17. What is the purpose of given(), when(), then() ?
  18. What is Response object in RestAssured?
  19. How do you extract value from Response?
  20. What is contentType() used for?
  21. How do you send a DELETE request?
  22. How do you check if a response body contains a string?
  23. How do you get response time?
  24. What is Hamcrest matcher?
  25. What are the main HTTP methods supported in RestAssured?

Intermediate Level

  1. Difference between request parameters and query parameters.
  2. How to send form parameters in RestAssured?
  3. How do you reuse request specifications across tests?
  4. What is RequestSpecBuilder?
  5. What is ResponseSpecBuilder?
  6. How do you validate multiple fields in response?
  7. How do you assert JSON arrays?
  8. How do you extract nested JSON values?
  9. How do you work with XML response in RestAssured?
  10. How to validate XPath in RestAssured?
  11. How do you upload a file using RestAssured?
  12. How do you download a file using RestAssured?
  13. How do you pass cookies in a request?
  14. What are filters in RestAssured?
  15. How do you log only if validation fails?
  16. How to generate reports for RestAssured tests?
  17. How do you integrate RestAssured with TestNG?
  18. How do you integrate RestAssured with JUnit?
  19. How do you handle SSL certificates?
  20. How do you validate error responses in RestAssured?
  21. How do you send XML payload in POST?
  22. How do you extract a list of values using JSONPath?
  23. How to parameterize API tests using TestNG?
  24. What is the use of relaxedHTTPSValidation()?
  25. What is authentication in APIs?
  26. How do you implement basic authentication?
  27. How do you pass bearer tokens?
  28. How do you test pagination APIs?
  29. How do you validate response headers?
  30. How do you send multipart data?
  31. How do you handle redirects in RestAssured?
  32. What is extract().path()?
  33. What is extract().jsonPath()?
  34. How do you perform PATCH request?
  35. How do you chain API requests?

Advanced Level

  1. What is OAuth2 in RestAssured?
  2. How do you implement OAuth2 token generation?
  3. How to create a custom filter in RestAssured?
  4. How do you implement request/response logging filters?
  5. How do you build a framework using RestAssured?
  6. How do you use POJO classes in serialization?
  7. What is deserialization? How is it used?
  8. How do you use ObjectMapper with RestAssured?
  9. How to validate JSON Schema?
  10. How to validate XML schema?
  11. How do you compare two JSON responses?
  12. How do you mock an API for testing?
  13. How do you handle dynamic JSON response?
  14. How do you handle dynamic tokens/session IDs?
  15. How do you generate random payloads?
  16. How to build reusable utility classes in RestAssured?
  17. How do you retry failed API calls?
  18. How do you set global configuration for RestAssured?
  19. What is a custom exception class in API testing?
  20. How do you validate collections using Hamcrest?
  21. How do you implement data-driven API tests using Excel/CSV?
  22. How do you perform parallel execution of API tests?
  23. What is the difference between BDD and non-BDD approach?
  24. How do you extract raw response?
  25. How do you integrate RestAssured with Jenkins?

Expert Level

  1. How do you design a scalable REST API automation framework?
  2. How do you integrate RestAssured with Cucumber BDD?
  3. How do you build a full API automation CI/CD pipeline?
  4. How do you build custom matchers in RestAssured?
  5. How do you mock high-volume APIs with WireMock?
  6. How do you performance test APIs with RestAssured + JMeter/Gatling?
  7. How do you secure automation frameworks with secrets management?
  8. How do you set up API testing for microservices architecture?
  9. How do you implement contract testing?
  10. How do you test GraphQL APIs using RestAssured?
  11. How to automate SOAP services using RestAssured?
  12. How do you perform schema versioning in large API systems?
  13. How do you validate logs and audit trails through RestAssured?
  14. How do you integrate RestAssured with Docker-based pipelines?
  15. Explain your end-to-end approach to enterprise-level API automation.

Related Topics


#Javascript

#Javascript

Key Concepts


S.No Topic Sub-Topics
1Introduction to JavaScriptHistory of JavaScript, Features, Uses, JS vs Java, JS engines
2JavaScript BasicsVariables, Data types, Operators, Expressions, Statements
3Control StructuresIf-else, Switch-case, For loop, While loop, Do-while loop
4FunctionsFunction declaration, Function expression, Arrow functions, Parameters, Return values
5Scope & HoistingGlobal scope, Local scope, Block scope, var vs let vs const, Hoisting behavior
6Objects & ArraysObject literals, Properties & methods, Arrays, Array methods, Nested objects
7ES6 FeaturesLet & Const, Template literals, Destructuring, Default parameters, Spread & Rest operators
8Strings & String MethodsString properties, Concatenation, Template literals, Common string methods, String manipulation
9Numbers & MathNumber types, Math object, Number methods, Parsing, Random numbers
10Date & TimeDate object, Creating dates, Methods, Formatting dates, Date arithmetic
11DOM ManipulationDocument object, getElementById, querySelector, Changing content, Adding/removing elements
12EventsEvent types, addEventListener, Event object, Event bubbling, Event delegation
13JavaScript BOMWindow object, Location, History, Navigator, Timers (setTimeout, setInterval)
14JavaScript FormsForm elements, Accessing values, Validation, Form submission, Prevent default
15JavaScript Arrays AdvancedArray iteration, map, filter, reduce, find, some & every, sort & reverse
16Objects AdvancedObject methods, Object.keys, Object.values, Object.entries, Object.assign, Prototypes
17ES6 ClassesClass syntax, Constructor, Methods, Inheritance, Static methods, Getters & Setters
18ModulesExport, Import, Named export, Default export, Using modules in browser & Node.js
19Promises & Async/AwaitPromise syntax, then & catch, Chaining promises, Async functions, Await keyword
20Fetch APIGET request, POST request, Handling JSON, Error handling, Async/await integration
21JavaScript Error Handlingtry-catch-finally, Throwing errors, Error types, Custom errors, Debugging techniques
22JavaScript Regular ExpressionsRegExp syntax, Patterns, Testing, Matching, Replacing, Flags
23JavaScript ClosuresDefinition, Lexical scope, Use cases, Private variables, Practical examples
24JavaScript CallbacksCallback functions, Asynchronous callbacks, Callback hell, Error-first callbacks, Best practices
25JavaScript Higher-Order FunctionsDefinition, map, filter, reduce, forEach, Practical examples
26JavaScript Event LoopCall stack, Web APIs, Callback queue, Microtasks, Macrotasks, Understanding async behavior
27JavaScript Memory ManagementGarbage collection, Memory leaks, Closures & memory, Best practices, Profiling memory
28JavaScript Design PatternsModule pattern, Singleton pattern, Observer pattern, Factory pattern, Revealing module pattern
29JavaScript TestingUnit testing, Jest framework, Mocha & Chai, Testing DOM, Mocking functions
30Hands-on ProjectCreate interactive web app, DOM manipulation, Event handling, Fetch API integration, Form validation

Interview question

Basic Level

  1. What is JavaScript?
  2. Difference between Java and JavaScript?
  3. What are the data types in JavaScript?
  4. Difference between let, var, and const?
  5. What is hoisting?
  6. What is scope?
  7. What is an arrow function?
  8. Difference between == and ===?
  9. What are template literals?
  10. Difference between null and undefined?
  11. What is the typeof operator?
  12. What is JSON?
  13. What is a callback function?
  14. What is an array?
  15. What is an object?
  16. What is the spread operator?
  17. What is event bubbling?
  18. What is event capturing?
  19. What is "use strict"?
  20. What is DOM?
  21. What is type coercion?
  22. What are primitive and non-primitive data types?
  23. Difference between ++i and i++?
  24. What is console.log() used for?
  25. What are higher-order functions?

Intermediate Level

  1. What is a promise?
  2. What are async/await?
  3. What is the event loop?
  4. What is the call stack?
  5. What is closure?
  6. What is a prototype?
  7. What is prototypal inheritance?
  8. What is destructuring?
  9. What is currying?
  10. Difference between synchronous and asynchronous?
  11. What are modules in JavaScript?
  12. What is this keyword?
  13. How does binding work?
  14. Difference between slice and splice?
  15. What are pure functions?
  16. What is immutability?
  17. What is a generator function?
  18. What is a symbol?
  19. What are Maps and Sets?
  20. What is debouncing?
  21. What is throttling?
  22. What is event delegation?
  23. What is deep copy vs shallow copy?
  24. Explain the concept of hoisting in functions.
  25. What are arrow function limitations?

Advanced Level

  1. What is garbage collection?
  2. How JavaScript manages memory?
  3. What is JIT compilation?
  4. Difference between call, apply, and bind?
  5. What is a polyfill?
  6. What is SSR (Server-Side Rendering)?
  7. How to improve JavaScript performance?
  8. What are web workers?
  9. What is the observer pattern?
  10. What is the singleton pattern?
  11. What is tail call optimization?
  12. What is tree shaking?
  13. What is lexical scope?
  14. Difference between lexical and dynamic scope?
  15. What is a transpiler?
  16. What is event loop starvation?
  17. What are memory leaks and fixes?
  18. How does the V8 engine work?
  19. What is microtask and macrotask?
  20. What is module bundling?
  21. What is IndexedDB?
  22. What is localStorage vs sessionStorage?
  23. What is a monorepo?
  24. What are micro-frontends?
  25. What is differential loading?

Expert Level

  1. How to optimize rendering in large apps?
  2. Explain event loop phases.
  3. What is speculative execution?
  4. How does JS handle concurrency?
  5. What are WeakMaps and WeakSets?
  6. How to build custom event emitter?
  7. What is memory profiling?
  8. What is Shadow DOM?
  9. What is a service worker?
  10. What is offline-first architecture?
  11. Explain differential serving.
  12. What is module federation?
  13. How does JS handle integer overflow?
  14. What are low-level browser APIs?
  15. Explain WebAssembly integration.
  16. How to implement data virtualization?
  17. Heap vs stack memory difference.
  18. Task queue vs microtask queue.
  19. How modern bundlers optimize JS?
  20. What is dead code elimination?
  21. What is API middleware?
  22. Explain JavaScript engine internals.
  23. What is edge computing relevance to JS?
  24. How browsers ensure security?
  25. How to build a reactive framework core?

Related Topics


03 September 2025

#DSA

#DSA

Key Concepts


S.No Topic Sub-Topics
1Introduction & ComplexityWhat is DSA, Time Complexity (Big-O), Space Complexity, Best/Average/Worst case, Simple examples
2Arrays BasicsDeclaration & Access, Common operations, Two-pointer technique, Sliding window intro, In-place vs extra space
3Arrays ProblemsSubarray sum, Prefix sums, Kadane's algorithm, Rearrange problems, Dutch National Flag
4Strings BasicsImmutability, Common operations, Character arrays, String builders, Unicode & encodings
5Strings AlgorithmsPattern search (KMP), Rabin-Karp, Anagrams, Palindromes, Trie intro
6Linked ListsSingly vs Doubly, Operations (insert/delete), Reverse list, Fast/Slow pointers, Detect cycle
7Stacks & QueuesLIFO vs FIFO, Implementation using arrays/linked list, Monotonic stack, Circular queue, Applications
8Recursion & BacktrackingRecurrence relations, Call stack, Backtracking patterns, Subset/permutation generation, N-Queens
9Sorting AlgorithmsBubble, Selection, Insertion, Merge sort, Quick sort
10Searching AlgorithmsLinear search, Binary search, Binary search on answer, Search in rotated array, Interpolation search
11Hashing & Hash TablesHash functions, Collision resolution, HashMap/HashSet, Frequency maps, Anagram/counting problems
12Priority Queue & HeapsBinary heap, Insert/extract, Heapify, Kth largest, Heap for merge/k-way
13Trees BasicsBinary tree, Tree traversal (pre/in/post), Height/depth, Recursive vs iterative, Tree representations
14Binary Search Tree (BST)BST properties, Insert/Delete/Search, Lowest common ancestor, Range queries, Balanced vs unbalanced
15Tries (Prefix Trees)Insert/Search, Prefix queries, Autocomplete, Word dictionary, Memory considerations
16Graphs BasicsDirected vs undirected, Adjacency list/matrix, Graph traversal, Connected components, Dense vs sparse
17Graph TraversalBFS, DFS, Tree vs graph traversal, Level order, Parent/Distance tracking
18Shortest Path AlgorithmsDijkstra, Bellman-Ford, SPFA, Weighted vs unweighted, Single-source vs all-pairs
19Minimum Spanning TreeKruskal, Prim, Union-Find intro, Cycle detection, Applications
20Union-Find / Disjoint SetMake/Find/Union, Path compression, Union by rank, Connected components, Offline queries
21Dynamic ProgrammingOverlapping subproblems, Optimal substructure, Memoization vs tabulation, State definition, Simple examples
22Common DP Patterns0/1 Knapsack, Unbounded knapsack, Longest Increasing Subsequence, Longest Common Subsequence, DP on strings
23Advanced DPBitmask DP, DP on trees, Digit DP, Convex hull trick intro, Optimization techniques
24Greedy AlgorithmsGreedy choice property, Activity selection, Huffman coding, Fractional knapsack, Interval scheduling
25Bit ManipulationBit ops (&,|,^,~,<<,>>), Count bits, Lowbit, Bitmask tricks, XOR properties
26Sliding Window & Two PointersFixed window, Variable window, Two-pointer for pairs, Subarray problems, Window optimization
27Prefix/Suffix & Difference ArraysPrefix sums, Suffix sums, Prefix max/min, Range update via diff array, Prefix product
28Segment Tree & Fenwick TreePoint update & range query, Range update & point query, Lazy propagation, Fenwick implementation, Use-cases
29Advanced Graphs & FlowsTopological sort, DAG applications, Max flow (Edmonds-Karp), Min-cut, Matching basics
30Interview Prep & PracticeCommon patterns, Problem-solving checklist, Mock interviews, Platforms (LeetCode, Codeforces), Time-boxed practice

Interview question

Basic Level

  1. What is an algorithm?
  2. Explain Time Complexity and Big-O notation.
  3. What is Space Complexity?
  4. What is an Array?
  5. Difference between Array and Linked List?
  6. What is a Linked List? Types?
  7. What is a Stack? Explain operations.
  8. What is a Queue? Explain types.
  9. Explain postfix, prefix, infix notations.
  10. What is a Hash table?
  11. What is a Tree data structure?
  12. Difference between Binary Tree and Binary Search Tree (BST)?
  13. What is a Graph?
  14. Difference between DFS and BFS.
  15. What is Recursion?
  16. What is Divide and Conquer approach?
  17. Explain Bubble Sort algorithm.
  18. Explain Selection Sort algorithm.
  19. Explain Insertion Sort algorithm.
  20. What is Linear Search?
  21. What is Binary Search?
  22. What is Dynamic Programming (basic definition)?
  23. What is Greedy Algorithm?
  24. What is a Heap?
  25. What is a Hash collision?

Intermediate Level

  1. Explain Merge Sort algorithm and its complexity.
  2. Explain Quick Sort and its complexity.
  3. Explain Two-pointer technique with examples.
  4. Explain Sliding Window technique.
  5. What is Prefix Sum and where is it used?
  6. Explain Kadane?s algorithm.
  7. What is a Circular Linked List?
  8. How do you detect a cycle in a Linked List?
  9. What is a Doubly Linked List?
  10. What is a Priority Queue?
  11. How do you implement a Queue using Stacks?
  12. How do you implement a Stack using Queues?
  13. What is a Trie data structure?
  14. Difference between Tree and Graph.
  15. What is a Balanced Binary Tree?
  16. What is AVL Tree?
  17. What is Red-Black Tree?
  18. Explain Dijkstra?s algorithm.
  19. What is Bellman-Ford algorithm?
  20. Explain Floyd-Warshall algorithm.
  21. What is Kruskal?s algorithm?
  22. What is Prim?s algorithm?
  23. What is Union-Find data structure?
  24. What is Topological Sorting?
  25. What is Backtracking? Give example.

Advanced Level

  1. Explain Segment Tree and its operations.
  2. What is a Fenwick Tree (Binary Indexed Tree)?
  3. Difference between Segment Tree and Fenwick Tree.
  4. Solve: Maximum product subarray.
  5. Solve: Longest increasing subsequence.
  6. Explain Longest Common Subsequence.
  7. What is KMP algorithm?
  8. Explain Rabin-Karp algorithm.
  9. Explain the concept of rolling hash.
  10. What is a Min-Cut and Max-Flow problem?
  11. Explain Edmonds-Karp Algorithm.
  12. Explain Kahn?s algorithm.
  13. Explain A* search algorithm.
  14. What is NP, NP-hard, and NP-complete?
  15. Explain Traveling Salesman Problem.
  16. Explain Bitmask DP with example.
  17. Explain DP on trees.
  18. Explain DP on graphs.
  19. How does binary lifting work?
  20. What is a Sparse Table?
  21. Explain Lowest Common Ancestor problem.
  22. Implement LRU Cache logic.
  23. What is a Bloom Filter?
  24. Explain Consistent Hashing.
  25. Explain Suffix array and Suffix tree.

Expert Level

  1. Solve: Maximum subarray sum for circular array.
  2. Solve: Median of two sorted arrays (log approach).
  3. Solve: Find Kth smallest element in sorted matrix.
  4. Solve: Word ladder shortest path.
  5. Solve: N-Queens problem optimized solution.
  6. Solve: Shortest path in a maze using BFS.
  7. Solve: Course schedule (detect cycle in graph).
  8. Solve: Clone graph problem.
  9. Solve: Regular expression matching (DP).
  10. Solve: Edit distance problem (DP).
  11. Solve: Palindromic subsequence count (DP).
  12. Solve: Max rectangle in binary matrix.
  13. Solve: Largest histogram rectangle.
  14. Solve: Minimum window substring problem.
  15. Solve: Coin change problem variants.
  16. Solve: Sliding window maximum problem.
  17. Solve: Find bridges and articulation points.
  18. Solve: Euler path/circuit check.
  19. Solve: Detect negative cycle in graph.
  20. Solve: Longest path in DAG.
  21. Solve: Kth smallest element using order-statistic tree.
  22. Solve: Streaming median problem.
  23. Solve: Top K frequent elements problem.
  24. Solve: Find strongly connected components (Kosaraju).
  25. Solve: Implement efficient autocomplete system using Trie.

Related Topics