| Calculus |
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24 June 2025
#Statistics
| Statistics |
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#Linear Algebra
| What is a scalar? |
| Define a vector. |
| What is a matrix? |
| What is a tensor? |
| How do you represent a vector geometrically? |
| What is the difference between a row vector and a column vector? |
| What is a diagonal matrix? |
| What is an identity matrix? |
| What is a zero matrix? |
| What is a symmetric matrix? |
| What is a skew-symmetric matrix? |
| Define orthogonal matrix. |
| What is a triangular matrix? |
| What is the trace of a matrix? |
| What does it mean for a matrix to be invertible? |
| What is matrix addition? |
| What is scalar multiplication? |
| Define matrix multiplication. |
| When is matrix multiplication possible? |
| Is matrix multiplication commutative? |
| What is the associative property of matrix multiplication? |
| What is the distributive property? |
| What is the transpose of a matrix? |
| What are the properties of matrix transpose? |
| What is the inverse of a matrix? |
| What are the conditions for a matrix to have an inverse? |
| What is a singular matrix? |
| What is an orthogonal matrix? |
| How do you compute the determinant of a 2x2 matrix? |
| How do you compute the determinant of a 3x3 matrix? |
| What is the dot product of two vectors? |
| What is the cross product? |
| What does it mean for two vectors to be orthogonal? |
| What is the angle between two vectors? |
| What is the projection of one vector onto another? |
| What is a unit vector? |
| What is a basis vector? |
| How do you normalize a vector? |
| What is vector space? |
| What is subspace? |
| What is linear independence? |
| What is linear dependence? |
| How do you check if vectors are linearly independent? |
| What is the span of a set of vectors? |
| What is the basis of a vector space? |
| What is the dimension of a vector space? |
| Give an example of a dependent set of vectors. |
| What is the rank of a matrix? |
| How do you compute the rank? |
| What does full rank mean? |
| What is the null space (kernel) of a matrix? |
| How do you find the nullity of a matrix? |
| What is the column space? |
| What is the row space? |
| What is the orthogonal complement? |
| What is an eigenvalue? |
| What is an eigenvector? |
| How do you compute eigenvalues? |
| What is the characteristic polynomial? |
| How do you find eigenvectors? |
| What is geometric multiplicity? |
| What is algebraic multiplicity? |
| What are some properties of eigenvalues? |
| Why are eigenvalues important in machine learning? |
| What is the spectral theorem? |
| What is LU decomposition? |
| What is QR decomposition? |
| What is SVD (Singular Value Decomposition)? |
| What is the purpose of matrix decomposition? |
| What is the Cholesky decomposition? |
| What is the difference between LU and QR? |
| What is the Gram-Schmidt process? |
| How is SVD used in data compression? |
| What is the Jordan Normal Form? |
| What is the Schur decomposition? |
| What is the determinant of a matrix? |
| What is the physical meaning of a determinant? |
| How do you find the inverse of a 2x2 matrix? |
| How do you find the inverse using row reduction? |
| What is the adjoint of a matrix? |
| How is the determinant used to check invertibility? |
| What is a cofactor? |
| What is the Laplace expansion? |
| Can a non-square matrix be inverted? |
| What is a pseudoinverse? |
| What is the Moore-Penrose pseudoinverse? |
| What is a block matrix? |
| What is the Kronecker product? |
| What is the Hadamard product? |
| What is matrix exponentiation? |
| What is a condition number? |
| What is a rank-deficient matrix? |
| What is a positive definite matrix? |
| What is a diagonalizable matrix? |
| What is matrix similarity? |
| What is a vector norm? |
| What is the L1 norm? |
| What is the L2 norm? |
| What is the infinity norm? |
| What is the Frobenius norm? |
| How are norms used in machine learning? |
| What is the distance between two vectors? |
| How is cosine similarity calculated? |
| What is the relationship between norm and distance? |
| How does normalization affect vector norms? |
| What is an orthogonal set of vectors? |
| What is orthonormality? |
| How do you orthogonalize a set of vectors? |
| What is the projection matrix? |
| How do you project a vector onto a subspace? |
| What is the geometric interpretation of a projection? |
| When is a projection matrix idempotent? |
| What is the Gram matrix? |
| What is the orthogonal projection theorem? |
| How is projection used in least squares? |
| What is the least squares solution? |
| Why is least squares used in linear regression? |
| What is the normal equation? |
| How do you derive the least squares estimator? |
| What happens if the design matrix is not full rank? |
| What is the role of the pseudoinverse in least squares? |
| What is the residual vector? |
| How do you minimize the residual? |
| What is the cost function in linear regression? |
| What is the relationship between projection and least squares? |
| What is a linear transformation? |
| What is the matrix representation of a transformation? |
| What is a standard basis? |
| What is a change of basis? |
| How do you change a vector to a new basis? |
| What is a transition matrix? |
| How are linear transformations represented in different bases? |
| What is the role of similarity transformations? |
| What is the canonical form? |
| What is the matrix of a reflection or rotation? |
| What is a symmetric matrix? |
| What is a skew-symmetric matrix? |
| What is a positive definite matrix? |
| What is a positive semi-definite matrix? |
| How do you test for positive definiteness? |
| What are the properties of symmetric matrices? |
| What are applications of positive definite matrices in ML? |
| What is an idempotent matrix? |
| What is a nilpotent matrix? |
| What is the Cayley-Hamilton Theorem? |
| What is Gaussian elimination? |
| What is Gauss-Jordan elimination? |
| What is row echelon form? |
| What is reduced row echelon form? |
| What is pivoting? |
| What are leading and free variables? |
| What is backward substitution? |
| What is forward substitution? |
| What is the computational complexity of matrix multiplication? |
| What is sparse matrix representation? |
| What is SVD used for in NLP? |
| How is PCA related to eigenvectors? |
| What is the Eckart?Young theorem? |
| What is the thin SVD? |
| What is truncated SVD? |
| What is the application of QR decomposition in ML? |
| How does Cholesky compare to LU? |
| What is the Householder transformation? |
| What is the Givens rotation? |
| What is the role of decomposition in solving linear systems? |
| What is a dual space? |
| What is a linear functional? |
| What is the relationship between dual basis and basis? |
| How are linear maps between duals represented? |
| What is reflexivity in linear algebra? |
| How are eigenvectors used in spectral clustering? |
| What is Laplacian matrix in graph theory? |
| What are principal components? |
| How is PCA implemented using eigen decomposition? |
| How does dimensionality reduction work in PCA? |
| What is a vector subspace? |
| What is the annihilator of a subspace? |
| What is the quotient space? |
| What is the rank-nullity theorem? |
| What is a bilinear form? |
| What is a quadratic form? |
| How do you diagonalize a quadratic form? |
| What is matrix congruence? |
| What is orthogonal diagonalization? |
| What is a linear operator? |
| Why is linear algebra essential in machine learning? |
| How is linear algebra used in neural networks? |
| What is the role of dot product in attention mechanisms? |
| How are matrices used in image processing? |
| What is the Jacobian matrix in deep learning? |
| What is the Hessian matrix? |
| How is SVD used in recommendation systems? |
| How are tensors used in deep learning? |
| What is the shape of input data for neural networks? |
| How does dimensionality reduction improve performance? |
| What is a tensor? |
| What is a rank of a tensor? |
| How are tensors represented? |
| What are tensor contractions? |
| What is tensor decomposition? |
| Can a matrix have more than one inverse? |
| Can a non-square matrix be orthogonal? |
| Can a set of linearly independent vectors form a basis? |
| Is every orthonormal set linearly independent? |
| Can two vectors be orthogonal but not linearly independent? |
| What is the geometric meaning of a determinant? |
| How is the rank related to dimensionality? |
| How do transformations affect shapes and dimensions? |
| What is shearing? |
| What is scaling in linear transformations? |
| Difference between rank and dimension? |
| Compare dot product and cross product. |
| Difference between linear map and affine map? |
| Compare eigen decomposition and SVD. |
| Difference between orthogonal and orthonormal? |
| True or False: All orthogonal matrices are invertible. |
| True or False: A matrix with zero determinant is invertible. |
| True or False: Eigenvalues can be complex. |
| True or False: A matrix can be diagonalized only if it's square. |
| True or False: The transpose of a symmetric matrix is symmetric. |
| Describe how a matrix transforms a vector. |
| Explain the intuition behind the dot product. |
| Describe how matrix rank affects system solutions. |
| Explain the steps to solve a linear system using Gaussian elimination. |
| Describe why PCA reduces noise. |
| How do you compute matrix inverse in Python (NumPy)? |
| How do you compute eigenvalues in NumPy? |
| How do you use SVD in scikit-learn? |
| How do you create a projection matrix using NumPy? |
| How do you find the rank of a matrix programmatically? |
| Given 3 vectors, check if they are linearly independent. |
| Find the eigenvalues of a 2x2 matrix manually. |
| Solve a 3x3 linear system using matrix inversion. |
| Given a matrix, compute its rank. |
| Reduce a matrix to row echelon form. |
| What is the determinant of an identity matrix? |
| What is the transpose of a diagonal matrix? |
| What is the rank of a zero matrix? |
| What is the nullity of an invertible matrix? |
| What is the dimension of R³? |
| Why are orthogonal matrices preferred in numerical computations? |
| Why is SVD preferred over eigen decomposition in some cases? |
| How is linear algebra related to convolution in CNNs? |
| How do singular matrices affect training in ML models? |
| What matrix operations are most common in backpropagation? |
| What is a Vandermonde matrix? |
| What is the companion matrix? |
| What is the Toeplitz matrix? |
| What is a circulant matrix? |
| What are real-world examples of linear algebra in AI? |
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#Core_AI
| What is Artificial Intelligence? |
| What are the different types of AI (Weak, Strong, General, Narrow)? |
| Define the Turing Test. Why is it important? |
| Explain the difference between AI, ML, and Deep Learning. |
| What are the key components of an intelligent system? |
| What is the difference between supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning? |
| What are the main goals of AI? |
| What are intelligent agents in AI? |
| What are the characteristics of an intelligent agent? |
| What is the difference between deterministic and stochastic environments? |
| What is a state space in AI? |
| Explain BFS and DFS with examples. |
| What is heuristic search? Give examples. |
| What is A* algorithm and how does it work? |
| What is the difference between informed and uninformed search? |
| What is the hill-climbing algorithm? |
| What is adversarial search? |
| How does Minimax algorithm work? |
| What is alpha-beta pruning? |
| What is the role of constraint satisfaction in AI? |
| What is knowledge representation? |
| What are the types of knowledge in AI? |
| What is propositional logic? |
| What is first-order logic? |
| What is semantic network? |
| What is an ontology in AI? |
| What is fuzzy logic and how is it used? |
| What is a knowledge base? |
| How does forward chaining differ from backward chaining? |
| What is non-monotonic reasoning? |
| What is the difference between classification and regression? |
| What is overfitting and underfitting? |
| What is cross-validation? |
| Explain bias-variance trade-off. |
| What is a confusion matrix? |
| What is entropy in decision trees? |
| What is the role of cost function? |
| What is gradient descent? |
| What are the different types of distance metrics? |
| What is feature selection and dimensionality reduction? |
| What is planning in AI? |
| What is STRIPS in planning? |
| What is reinforcement learning? Give examples. |
| Explain Q-learning. |
| What is the Markov Decision Process (MDP)? |
| What is temporal difference learning? |
| What is policy vs value function in reinforcement learning? |
| What is model-free vs model-based RL? |
| Explain exploration vs exploitation dilemma. |
| What are eligibility traces? |
| What is NLP? |
| What is tokenization in NLP? |
| What is stemming vs lemmatization? |
| What is Part-of-Speech (POS) tagging? |
| What are n-grams? |
| What is Named Entity Recognition (NER)? |
| What is the bag-of-words model? |
| What is TF-IDF? |
| What is sentiment analysis? |
| What is language modeling? |
| What is a perceptron? |
| What is the difference between a single-layer and multi-layer perceptron? |
| What is backpropagation? |
| What is an activation function? Name a few. |
| What are convolutional neural networks (CNNs)? |
| What are recurrent neural networks (RNNs)? |
| What is the vanishing gradient problem? |
| What is dropout in neural networks? |
| What is batch normalization? |
| What are hyperparameters in neural networks? |
| What is the role of AI in robotics? |
| What are sensors and effectors in robotics? |
| What is SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping)? |
| What is path planning in robotics? |
| What is computer vision and how does it relate to AI? |
| What are the ethical concerns in AI? |
| What is explainable AI (XAI)? |
| What is AI bias and how can it be mitigated? |
| What is AGI (Artificial General Intelligence)? |
| What is the future of AI in society? |
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| Large Language Models (LLMs) | Multimodal AI | Agentic AI | AI Agents | Edge AI | AutoML | Explainable AI (XAI) |
| TinyML |
#Mathematics_for_AI
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| Linear Algebra | Probability | Statistics | Calculus |
#NLP
| What is Natural Language Processing (NLP)? |
| What are the main components of NLP? |
| What is the difference between NLP, NLU, and NLG? |
| What are some real-world applications of NLP? |
| What are stop words in NLP? |
| What is tokenization? |
| What is the difference between stemming and lemmatization? |
| What is POS (Part-of-Speech) tagging? |
| What are n-grams? Why are they used? |
| What is Named Entity Recognition (NER)? |
| Why is text preprocessing important in NLP? |
| What is TF-IDF? How is it different from bag-of-words? |
| What is the difference between count vectorization and TF-IDF? |
| How do you handle missing or noisy text data? |
| What are common text normalization techniques? |
| What are word embeddings? |
| Explain Word2Vec and its two architectures. |
| What is the difference between Word2Vec and GloVe? |
| What are contextual embeddings? Give examples. |
| What is subword embedding? |
| What is a language model in NLP? |
| What is the difference between statistical and neural language models? |
| What is perplexity in language modeling? |
| What is a unigram/bigram/trigram language model? |
| What are pre-trained language models? |
| What is dependency parsing? |
| What is constituency parsing? |
| What is coreference resolution? |
| What is co-occurrence matrix? |
| Explain Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA). |
| What is topic modeling? How does LDA work? |
| What is attention mechanism in NLP? |
| Explain the concept of transformers in NLP. |
| What is BERT? How is it different from traditional models? |
| What is fine-tuning in BERT? |
| How do you build a text classification model? |
| What is the difference between classification and clustering in NLP? |
| What is sentiment analysis? How do you perform it? |
| How do you handle imbalanced data in text classification? |
| What are some popular evaluation metrics for NLP models? |
| What is an RNN? How is it used in NLP? |
| What are LSTM and GRU? |
| What is the vanishing gradient problem? |
| How do transformers overcome the limitations of RNNs? |
| What is a sequence-to-sequence model? |
| What is speech recognition? |
| What is a chatbot? What are the types of chatbots? |
| What is intent recognition? |
| What is slot filling? |
| What is dialogue management? |
| How would you build a sentiment analysis system? |
| How do you evaluate the quality of a text summarization model? |
| How would you deploy an NLP model in production? |
| What are some popular NLP libraries in Python? |
| How do you handle out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words? |
| What are large language models (LLMs)? |
| What is GPT? How is it trained? |
| What is the difference between GPT and BERT? |
| What are the ethical concerns in NLP? |
| How can NLP models be biased? |
| What is the role of CNNs in NLP? |
| How does an attention mechanism work? |
| What is the difference between self-attention and cross-attention? |
| Explain the architecture of the Transformer model. |
| What are encoder and decoder in transformers? |
| What is positional encoding in transformers? |
| What is masked language modeling? |
| What is the difference between GPT-style and BERT-style training? |
| What is a causal language model? |
| How does RoBERTa differ from BERT? |
| What is transfer learning in NLP? |
| How do you fine-tune a pre-trained transformer model? |
| What are frozen layers and trainable layers in fine-tuning? |
| What are the benefits of using pre-trained embeddings? |
| What is zero-shot learning in NLP? |
| How does extractive summarization work? |
| How is abstractive summarization different from extractive? |
| What is the architecture behind QA models like BERT QA? |
| How do you evaluate the accuracy of a summarization model? |
| What metrics are used to evaluate QA systems? |
| What is BLEU score? |
| What is ROUGE score? |
| What is METEOR score? |
| What is perplexity and how is it interpreted? |
| What are precision, recall, and F1-score in NLP classification? |
| What is cross-lingual NLP? |
| How does mBERT work for multiple languages? |
| What is code-switching and how is it handled in NLP? |
| What are the challenges in multilingual NLP? |
| What is XLM-R? |
| What are common biases in NLP datasets? |
| How can we reduce gender bias in NLP models? |
| What is explainable AI (XAI) in the context of NLP? |
| What are adversarial examples in NLP? |
| What is differential privacy in NLP? |
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16 June 2025
#Generics
| What are generics in Java? |
| Why are generics used in Java? |
| What is the syntax for declaring a generic class? |
| What is the syntax for declaring a generic method? |
| What are the benefits of using generics? |
| Can you use primitives with generics? |
| What is type erasure in Java generics? |
| How do you create a generic class? |
| Can you have multiple type parameters in a generic class? |
| What are raw types in generics? |
| What is the difference between List |
| What is the wildcard ? in Java Generics? |
| Explain bounded type parameters. |
| Difference between extends and super in generics. |
| Can we use generics with arrays? |
| Why is it not allowed to create an array of generic type? |
| How does generics affect polymorphism? |
| What are generic methods? Provide an example. |
| Can a generic method be static? |
| How do generics work at runtime? |
| What is the PECS principle (Producer Extends Consumer Super)? |
| What are the limitations of Java Generics? |
| Explain the concept of generic type inference. |
| How is type safety ensured using generics? |
| Can you override a method with different generic parameters? |
| How is generics implemented in Java internally? |
| Can you use instanceof with generics? |
| Can you create a generic enum or generic exception class? |
| What are the differences between generic and non-generic collections? |
| How does Java handle backward compatibility with generics? |
| Explain this code: public |
| What would happen if we use raw types with generics? |
| Why are generic types not reified? |
| What is the output of this generic method code snippet? (Give a specific code). |
| What are the implications of type erasure? |
| Can you overload methods with different generic return types? |
| How to create a generic singleton class? |
| Is it possible to restrict generics to certain classes/interfaces only? |
| When should you use wildcard generics in method arguments? |
| Can you assign List |
| Would you like answers or code examples for any of these questions? Or would you like 100+ questions in a PDF format? |
| What are generic interfaces? Can you provide an example? |
| Can we have a generic constructor in a non-generic class? |
| Can we use a generic class without specifying type? |
| What is the difference between generic class and generic method? |
| What are the rules for using multiple bounds in generics? |
| What is the default upper bound of a generic type in Java? |
| What are the risks of using raw types? |
| Can we instantiate a generic type at runtime? |
| How does autoboxing work with generics? |
| Can you use generics with throws clause in exceptions? |
| What is a generic factory pattern? |
| How can generics be used in DAO (Data Access Object) design? |
| How would you write a type-safe generic comparator? |
| How can generics be used with reflection? |
| What is a generic recursive type bound? |
| Can you have nested generic types like Map |
| What are covariant and contravariant types in generics? |
| How do you resolve ?unchecked cast? warnings with generics? |
| What is the effective use of generics in custom collections? |
| How can you write a type-safe generic builder class? |
| Why is List |
| Can we create a generic array in Java? |
| Explain this declaration: Class |
| Can generic classes extend or implement other generic classes? |
| Can we write T[] in a generic method or class? |
| Why does this code fail: T t = new T();? |
| What are reifiable and non-reifiable types? |
| How do generics differ from templates in C++? |
| What is the purpose of @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")? |
| How are generic types handled by the JVM? |
| When should we use unbounded wildcard ? |
| When should we use ? |
| When should we use ? |
| How do wildcards affect method overriding and overloading? |
| Can you assign List |
| Why are wildcard captures necessary in some generic code? |
| Can you use a wildcard as a return type? |
| What does "capture of ?" mean in compiler errors? |
| Write a generic method to copy elements from one list to another. |
| Why does the following code give a compilation error? (Insert code with List |
| Can we overload generic methods with different type parameters? |
| Can we pass a generic method as a parameter? |
| How do bounded type parameters affect method signatures? |
| What is the difference between T and E in generics? Are they interchangeable? |
| Can you use generics with lambda expressions? |
| How can we sort a List |
| Can you override a generic method in a subclass? |
| Can you use generic classes in annotations? |
| How does the Java compiler check for generic type safety? |
| What tools help detect generic misuse (e.g., static code analyzers)? |
| How are generics used in the Java Collections API? |
| How does Java handle generic bytecode? |
| What are best practices when using generics in library APIs? |
| How are generics used in popular libraries like Guava or Spring? |
| When would you choose to not use generics? |
| Can generic types improve code readability or make it worse? |
| How do generics affect serialization? |
| Can generic parameters extend more than one class/interface? |
| What are F-bounded polymorphism and where is it used? |
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13 June 2025
#Java_IO
| What is Java I/O? |
| What is the difference between byte stream and character stream in Java? |
| What is the purpose of the java.io.File class? |
| How does BufferedReader improve performance? |
| What is the difference between FileReader and BufferedReader? |
| What is the difference between InputStream and Reader? |
| What is the use of InputStreamReader and OutputStreamWriter? |
| How do you serialize an object in Java? |
| What is the role of transient keyword in serialization? |
| What happens if a non-serializable object is part of a serializable class? |
| What is the purpose of serialVersionUID? |
| How can you read a file line-by-line in Java? |
| What is the use of DataInputStream and DataOutputStream? |
| How does ObjectOutputStream work? |
| What are the standard streams in Java? |
| What is the difference between FileInputStream and FileReader? |
| How do you handle exceptions in Java I/O? |
| What is RandomAccessFile? |
| What is stream chaining in Java I/O? |
| How do mark() and reset() methods work in input streams? |
| What is the use of PushbackInputStream? |
| Can we use Java I/O in multithreaded applications? |
| How do you copy a file using Java I/O? |
| How do you ensure a stream is properly closed? |
| What are the limitations of traditional Java I/O? |
| What are the main classes in the java.io package? |
| Explain the difference between BufferedInputStream and BufferedOutputStream. |
| How does buffering improve I/O performance? |
| What is the use of PrintWriter in Java? |
| Can you write binary data using PrintWriter? Why or why not? |
| Explain the decorator pattern in the context of Java I/O. |
| What are the drawbacks of Java I/O? |
| What is a stream in Java I/O? |
| How many types of streams are there in Java? |
| What is the difference between flush() and close() methods in streams? |
| What is the difference between read() and readLine()? |
| What happens when you call close() on an already closed stream? |
| What is EOFException in Java I/O? |
| Explain the difference between FileOutputStream and ObjectOutputStream. |
| How does ObjectInputStream read objects? |
| What are the limitations of Java's serialization mechanism? |
| What is Externalizable and how is it different from Serializable? |
| What are transient and volatile in Java I/O context? |
| What is the difference between File.delete() and File.deleteOnExit()? |
| How do you read/write a UTF-encoded file in Java? |
| What is the use of FileDescriptor? |
| How can you check if a file exists before reading it? |
| How to list all files in a directory using Java? |
| Can you read from multiple files at once in Java? |
| What does File.canRead(), canWrite(), and canExecute() do? |
| How to check file permissions using Java? |
| What is the difference between Reader and InputStreamReader? |
| What is the use of LineNumberReader? |
| How to implement custom serialization in Java? |
| How can you make a class serializable but skip some fields? |
| How does Java handle circular references during serialization? |
| Can you override default serialization behavior? |
| How to serialize a list of custom objects? |
| How to write logs using Java I/O? |
| Can you read a file without loading the whole content into memory? |
| What is the use of SequenceInputStream? |
| Explain FilterInputStream and FilterOutputStream. |
| What is the difference between flush() and write()? |
| What happens if the output stream is not flushed before closing? |
| What are file channels and how are they different from streams? |
| Explain the use of BufferedReader.mark() and BufferedReader.reset(). |
| What is the default buffer size used in buffered streams? |
| Why would you prefer PrintWriter over BufferedWriter? |
| Can you serialize static members? |
| Write code to read a file and count the number of lines. |
| Write code to find the longest line in a text file. |
| How would you handle large file reading in Java? |
| How to append to an existing file? |
| How to check file size using Java? |
| How to read a properties file using Java I/O? |
| How to write logs with timestamps to a file? |
| How to detect file encoding in Java? |
| How to monitor file changes in Java I/O? |
| How do you read from a zip file using Java I/O? |
| Explain how Java handles file locks. |
| How to handle encoding issues when reading files? |
| What are character encodings supported by Java I/O? |
| How to work with temporary files in Java? |
| Explain File.createTempFile() method. |
| What is a memory-mapped file in Java? |
| How is performance affected when using unbuffered I/O? |
| What is the use of File.listFiles(FileFilter)? |
| How does Java handle symbolic links? |
| What is the impact of GC on open streams? |
| How to unit test file reading methods? |
| What are the best practices for closing streams? |
| Why is try-with-resources preferred? |
| Can streams be reused once closed? |
| Is Java I/O thread-safe? |
| How to avoid memory leaks in I/O operations? |
| How to handle IOException cleanly? |
| How to wrap a stream with custom logic? |
| What is the use of File.renameTo()? |
| What?s the difference between BufferedWriter and PrintWriter? |
| Why is Serializable a marker interface? |
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| Stream |
#Serialization
| What is Serialization in java? |
| What is the Marker interface? |
| What is serialVersionUID? |
| What will happen if the reference variable is not serializable? |
| What will happen if a class is serializable but its superclass does not? |
| What are the most important classes and interfaces using the Serialization? |
| Why do we need to use Serialization in java? |
| Why the Serializable interface is called the Marker interface in Java? |
| How can we implement Serialization in java? |
| How can we restrict some variables to be serialized? |
| How to serialize an ArrayList? |
| When we should use Externalizable interface in Java? |
| In singleton design pattern serialization becomes an issue, how you will overcome this? |
| Can you customize the serialization process? How can you achieve this? |
| Describe the De-serialization process. |
| Describe the benefits of serialVersionUID. |
| Describe the methods of serialization and deserialization process. |
| Do static variables participate in serialization? |
| Find out the difference between Serialization and Externalizable? |
| Suppose parent class of a new child class implement Serializable interface, how can you avoid new child class to being serialized? |
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#CoreJava_22
#CoreJava_21
| String Templates (Preview) | |
| Sequenced Collections | |
| Generational ZGC | |
| Record Patterns | |
| Pattern Matching for switch | |
| Foreign Function & Memory API (Third Preview) | |
| Unnamed Patterns and Variables (Preview) | |
| Virtual Threads | |
| Scoped Values (Preview) | |
| Vector API (Sixth Incubator) | |
| Deprecate the Windows 32-bit x86 Port for Removal | |
| Prepare to Disallow the Dynamic Loading of Agents | |
| Key Encapsulation Mechanism API | |
| Structured Concurrency (Preview) |
#CoreJava_18
| UTF-8 by Default | |
| Simple Web Server | |
| Code Snippets in Java API Documentation | |
| Reimplement Core Reflection with Method Handles | |
| Vector API (Third Incubator) | |
| Internet-Address Resolution SPI | |
| Foreign Function & Memory API (Second Incubator) | |
| Pattern Matching for switch (Second Preview) | |
| Deprecate Finalization for Removal |
#CoreJava_17
| Restore Always-Strict Floating-Point Semantics | |
| Enhanced Pseudo-Random Number Generators | |
| New macOS Rendering Pipeline | |
| macOS/AArch64 Port | |
| Deprecate the Applet API for Removal | |
| Strongly Encapsulate JDK Internals | |
| Pattern Matching for switch (Preview) | |
| Remove RMI Activation | |
| Sealed Classes | |
| Remove the Experimental AOT and JIT Compiler | |
| Deprecate the Security Manager for Removal | |
| Foreign Function & Memory API (Incubator) | |
| Vector API (Second Incubator) | |
| Context-Specific Deserialization Filters |
#CoreJava_16
| Java 16 | ||
| Topic | SubTopic | |
|---|---|---|
| Vector API (Incubator) |
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| Enable C++14 Language Features |
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| Migrate from Mercurial to Git/GitHub |
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| Concurrent Thread-Stack Processing |
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| Unix-Domain Socket Channels |
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| Alpine Linux Port |
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| Elastic Metaspace |
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| Windows/AArch64 Port |
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| Foreign Linker API (Incubator) |
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| Warnings for Value-Based Classe |
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| Packaging Tool |
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| Foreign-Memory Access API (Third Incubator) |
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| Pattern Matching for instanceof |
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| Records |
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| Strongly Encapsulate JDK Internals by Default |
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| Sealed Classes (Second Preview) |
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#CoreJava_20
#CoreJava_23
| What are the key features introduced in Java 23? |
| Explain the concept of stream gatherers introduced in JDK 23. |
| What is the purpose of JEP 461 ? Stream Gatherers? |
| How do stream gatherers improve upon traditional Java streams? |
| What is the structured concurrency feature in Java 23? |
| How does JEP 462 enhance the existing structured concurrency APIs? |
| What is the ScopedValue.CarrierThread introduced in Java 23? |
| How do scoped values differ from ThreadLocal in Java 23? |
| What are the enhancements in the foreign function & memory API in JDK 23? |
| Explain JEP 454: Foreign Function and Memory API as finalized in Java 23. |
| What is the Vector API and what enhancements were made in JDK 23? |
| How does the Vector API improve performance over scalar code? |
| What is the importance of JEP 460 ? Vector API (Seventh Incubator)? |
| What is the purpose of primitive types in patterns (JEP 457)? |
| How does Java 23 enhance pattern matching for switch and records? |
| What is JEP 463 ? Implicitly Declared Classes and Instance Main Methods? |
| How does Java 23 support beginner-friendly programming with implicit classes? |
| What is the concept of unnamed patterns and variables (JEP 456)? |
| How does Java 23 improve preview features for record patterns and sealed types? |
| What are the changes related to class-file API in Java 23 (JEP 457)? |
| What are the performance improvements introduced in Java 23? |
| How does Java 23 support green threads and virtual threads improvements? |
| What are some deprecated or removed features in Java 23? |
| What are unnamed classes and what problem do they solve in Java 23? |
| Explain the use of the _ (underscore) in unnamed variables and patterns. |
| How does JDK 23 enhance beginner-friendly coding practices? |
| What are the differences between structured concurrency in JDK 21 and JDK 23? |
| What are the use cases of Stream.collect(Gatherer.of(...)) in Java 23? |
| How do Stream Gatherers compare to custom collectors in terms of readability and performance? |
| What are the main goals of JEP 463 (Implicit Classes and Instance Main Methods)? |
| How is the Java compiler handling implicitly declared classes? |
| What changes have been made to the preview features process in Java 23? |
| How are features like sealed classes and record patterns further stabilized in JDK 23? |
| What is the impact of structured concurrency on asynchronous programming in Java? |
| What runtime support is added for pattern matching in Java 23? |
| Describe the compatibility considerations when upgrading to Java 23. |
| How is Java 23 improving developer productivity through syntactic sugar? |
| How are preview features enabled or disabled in Java 23 during compilation? |
| What testing strategies should be considered when using preview features like unnamed classes? |
| What are the compiler flags needed to use preview features in JDK 23? |
| How can developers prepare their codebases for future adoption of Java 23 features? |
| What is the current status of Project Panama as of Java 23? |
| How does the FFM (Foreign Function & Memory) API interact with native memory safely in Java 23? |
| In what scenarios should developers prefer virtual threads introduced in earlier releases with updates in Java 23? |
| How do the new APIs in Java 23 impact reactive and concurrent application development? |
| What changes have been made to improve JVM performance in Java 23? |
| Are there any updates or removals of legacy APIs in Java 23? |
| How is Java 23 helping with easier interoperation between Java and native libraries (e.g., C/C++)? |
| What are some backward-incompatible changes, if any, in Java 23? |
| How can you experiment with Java 23 preview features in IntelliJ or Eclipse? |
| How does Java 23 improve the Stream API's flexibility? |
| What is the syntax for defining a Gatherer in Java 23? |
| How does Java 23 support implicit class declarations for quick prototyping? |
| What are the potential pitfalls of using unnamed variables? |
| How do record patterns improve destructuring in Java? |
| What are the benefits of structured concurrency for multithreaded programming? |
| How is structured concurrency different from ExecutorService-based models? |
| What is the difference between ThreadLocal and ScopedValue in Java 23? |
| What is the life cycle of a scoped value in Java 23? |
| Describe a use case for the Vector API in real-time systems. |
| How does Java 23 improve SIMD (Single Instruction, Multiple Data) support? |
| What are Gatherers used for in Java streams? |
| How is the behavior of a gatherer different from a collector? |
| What improvements were made to the JVM tool interface in Java 23? |
| What performance optimizations are present in Java 23 GC (Garbage Collection)? |
| How does the FFM API in Java 23 ensure memory safety? |
| What changes were made to native memory segment allocation in Java 23? |
| What is the use of MemorySegment.allocateNative()? |
| How can you call a C function from Java using JDK 23's FFM API? |
| What are linker options in the Foreign Linker API? |
| How is the MemoryLayout class used in memory-safe code? |
| What tools are available in Java 23 for testing native function calls? |
| What does incubating a feature mean in Java 23? |
| Which APIs in Java 23 are still incubating or in preview? |
| How do you enable and use preview features in Maven or Gradle builds? |
| Can you list examples of unnamed patterns and their syntax? |
| What are the best practices for migrating Java 17/21 code to Java 23? |
| Which deprecated features should be avoided in Java 23? |
| What is the current status of Valhalla project in relation to Java 23? |
| How does Java 23 align with Project Amber's goals? |
| What improvements to error handling are introduced in Java 23? |
| Are there any enhancements in java.time or date/time APIs in Java 23? |
| What changes affect module system behavior in Java 23? |
| Is there any enhancement to serialization or deserialization APIs? |
| What are some changes to javac (Java compiler) in Java 23? |
| Are there any changes to the Java packaging tools (like jpackage) in Java 23? |
| How is the Java language becoming more beginner-friendly in Java 23? |
| What are the educational use cases of implicit main methods? |
| How does Java 23 affect JavaFX or GUI development? |
| What are the enhancements in reflection or annotations in Java 23? |
| Are there changes to lambda expressions or method references in Java 23? |
| What are Java 23?s contributions to code readability and maintainability? |
| How has Java 23 affected backward compatibility testing? |
| Are there updates to exception handling mechanisms in Java 23? |
| What are the new javac warnings introduced in Java 23? |
| How do named and unnamed patterns coexist in Java 23? |
| What are potential debugging challenges introduced by preview features? |
| What type of IDE support is needed to work efficiently with Java 23? |
| How do Java 23 features improve microservices and REST API development? |
| How does Java 23 impact modern DevOps practices? |
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