22 December 2020

#Gradle

#Gradle

Key Concepts


Topic Sub-Topics Basic Intermediate Advanced Expert
Introduction to Gradle What is Gradle, History of Gradle, Maven vs Gradle, Ant vs Gradle, Advantages ✅
Gradle Build Lifecycle Tasks, Phases, Execution Model, Incremental Build, Task Dependencies ✅ ✅
Gradle Wrapper What is Wrapper, Creating Wrapper, Using Wrapper, Advantages of Wrapper ✅ ✅
Gradle Build Scripts build.gradle, settings.gradle, init.gradle, Script Blocks, Plugins ✅ ✅
Gradle Plugins Core Plugins, Java Plugin, Application Plugin, War Plugin, Custom Plugins ✅ ✅
Dependency Management Repositories (MavenCentral, JCenter, Ivy), Dependency Configurations, Exclusions ✅ ✅ ✅
Gradle Tasks Defining Tasks, Default Tasks, Task Graph, Task Ordering, Custom Task Types ✅ ✅ ✅
Multi-Project Builds Settings.gradle for Multi-Projects, Subprojects, Dependency Between Projects ✅ ✅ ✅
Gradle DSL Groovy DSL, Kotlin DSL, Differences, When to Use ✅ ✅ ✅
Custom Plugins Writing Custom Plugins, Applying Custom Plugins, Publishing Plugins ✅ ✅
Gradle Performance Build Cache, Parallel Builds, Configuration On Demand, Daemon, Profiling ✅ ✅ ✅
Gradle with Java Projects Java Plugin, SourceSets, Test Configuration, JAR Tasks, Application Plugin ✅ ✅ ✅
Gradle with Web Projects War Plugin, Ear Plugin, Spring Boot Plugin, Web Dependency Management ✅ ✅ ✅
Gradle and Testing JUnit/TestNG Integration, Test Logging, Test Filtering, Code Coverage (Jacoco) ✅ ✅ ✅
Gradle and CI/CD Integration with Jenkins, GitHub Actions, GitLab CI, Docker, Kubernetes ✅ ✅ ✅
Gradle Publishing Publishing to Maven Repository, Ivy Repository, Artifactory, Nexus ✅ ✅ ✅
Gradle Advanced Scripting Custom DSL Extensions, Script Reuse, Convention Plugins, BuildSrc ✅ ✅
Gradle API & Internals Gradle API Overview, Task API, Project API, Configuration API ✅ ✅
Gradle Troubleshooting Debugging Builds, Logging, Stacktraces, Common Errors ✅ ✅ ✅
Gradle Best Practices Build Optimization, Dependency Locking, Version Catalogs, Modularization ✅ ✅ ✅

Interview question

1. Introduction to Gradle

  1. What is Gradle, and why is it used?
  2. How is Gradle different from Maven and Ant?
  3. Explain the advantages of Gradle over other build tools.
  4. What languages can be used for writing Gradle build scripts?
  5. What is the role of Groovy in Gradle?
  6. Can Gradle build scripts be written in Kotlin?
  7. What is the significance of build.gradle file?
  8. Explain the difference between build.gradle and settings.gradle.
  9. What is the init.gradle file used for?
  10. How do you execute a Gradle build?
  11. Explain the default tasks in Gradle.
  12. What is Gradle?s daemon, and why is it used?
  13. How does Gradle provide incremental builds?
  14. What are the limitations of Gradle?
  15. How does Gradle manage backward compatibility?
  16. What is a Gradle script block?
  17. What is Gradle?s execution model?
  18. How does Gradle support polyglot builds?
  19. What is the role of the Gradle Tooling API?
  20. Can Gradle be used without installing it manually?

2. Gradle Build Lifecycle

  1. What are the three main phases of the Gradle build lifecycle?
  2. Explain the initialization phase in Gradle.
  3. What happens during the configuration phase?
  4. What is executed in the execution phase?
  5. What are Gradle tasks?
  6. How can you list all available tasks in a Gradle project?
  7. What is a task dependency in Gradle?
  8. How do you define a custom task in Gradle?
  9. Explain the difference between dependsOn and mustRunAfter.
  10. How do you define default tasks in Gradle?
  11. What are up-to-date checks in Gradle?
  12. How do you skip tasks in Gradle?
  13. Explain task ordering in Gradle.
  14. What is the purpose of the finalizedBy keyword?
  15. How can you configure a task dynamically?
  16. What is the difference between task graph and task execution?
  17. How can you run multiple tasks in Gradle?
  18. What is the use of gradle.projectsEvaluated hook?
  19. How do you create incremental tasks in Gradle?
  20. What is task avoidance API in Gradle?

3. Gradle Wrapper

  1. What is the Gradle Wrapper?
  2. What are the advantages of using the Gradle Wrapper?
  3. How do you generate a Gradle Wrapper?
  4. What files are created when you run gradle wrapper?
  5. What is the role of gradlew and gradlew.bat files?
  6. How does the Gradle Wrapper download the required distribution?
  7. Can the Gradle Wrapper work offline?
  8. How do you upgrade Gradle using the Wrapper?
  9. What is the difference between gradle and ./gradlew?
  10. How do you ensure all team members use the same Gradle version?
  11. How does the Wrapper handle different Gradle versions?
  12. Where is the Gradle distribution downloaded?
  13. How can you verify the Gradle Wrapper version?
  14. Can you customize the Wrapper properties?
  15. What is the gradle-wrapper.jar file?
  16. What happens if the wrapper JAR is missing?
  17. How do you regenerate the wrapper JAR file?
  18. Can you define a custom Gradle distribution URL?
  19. Is it recommended to commit Gradle Wrapper files to VCS?
  20. What are common issues faced with Gradle Wrapper?

4. Dependency Management

  1. What is dependency management in Gradle?
  2. What are repositories in Gradle?
  3. Difference between mavenCentral(), jcenter(), and google()?
  4. How do you declare dependencies in Gradle?
  5. What are dependency configurations?
  6. Explain implementation, api, compileOnly, runtimeOnly.
  7. What is transitive dependency in Gradle?
  8. How do you exclude a transitive dependency?
  9. How do you define project dependencies in Gradle?
  10. What is dependency resolution strategy?
  11. How do you check all dependencies in a Gradle project?
  12. What is dependency conflict resolution in Gradle?
  13. How do you force a specific dependency version?
  14. What is the difference between dynamic and fixed versions?
  15. How does Gradle handle version ranges?
  16. What is dependency locking in Gradle?
  17. How can you manage external vs local dependencies?
  18. How do you configure custom repositories in Gradle?
  19. What is a flatDir repository in Gradle?
  20. How do you troubleshoot dependency resolution errors?

5. Gradle Plugins

  1. What are plugins in Gradle?
  2. Difference between core, community, and custom plugins?
  3. How do you apply a plugin in Gradle?
  4. What is the Java plugin in Gradle?
  5. What does the Application plugin do?
  6. Explain the War plugin in Gradle.
  7. What is the difference between apply plugin: and plugins {} block?
  8. How do you create a custom plugin in Gradle?
  9. What is the purpose of the buildSrc directory?
  10. How do you apply plugins across multiple projects?
  11. What is a convention plugin?
  12. What are script plugins?
  13. How do you publish a custom Gradle plugin?
  14. What is the gradlePlugin DSL?
  15. What is a binary plugin?
  16. Difference between id plugin syntax and legacy plugin application?
  17. How do you apply external plugins?
  18. How do you check which plugins are applied?
  19. What is the role of extensions in plugins?
  20. How do you debug plugin application issues?

6. Multi-Project Builds

  1. What is a multi-project build in Gradle?
  2. What is the role of settings.gradle in multi-project builds?
  3. How do you define subprojects in Gradle?
  4. How do you configure common settings across subprojects?
  5. What is the allprojects block?
  6. What is the subprojects block?
  7. Difference between project dependency and external dependency?
  8. How do you create project dependencies in multi-project builds?
  9. What is the difference between flat and hierarchical project structures?
  10. How do you run a task only for a specific subproject?
  11. How do you build all subprojects in Gradle?
  12. How do you exclude a subproject from the build?
  13. What is composite build in Gradle?
  14. Difference between multi-project and composite builds?
  15. How do you test individual subprojects?
  16. How do you share tasks between subprojects?
  17. What is the role of project() function?
  18. How do you reference another project?s task?
  19. What is project evaluation order in multi-project builds?
  20. How do you optimize large multi-project builds?

7. Gradle DSL (Groovy & Kotlin)

  1. What is Gradle DSL?
  2. Difference between Groovy DSL and Kotlin DSL?
  3. Which DSL should be preferred for new projects?
  4. How do you convert Groovy DSL to Kotlin DSL?
  5. What are closures in Groovy DSL?
  6. How do you define properties in Gradle DSL?
  7. What is the role of ext in Groovy DSL?
  8. How do you use val and var in Kotlin DSL?
  9. What is the difference between = and set methods in Kotlin DSL?
  10. How does IDE support differ between Groovy and Kotlin DSL?
  11. Can you mix Groovy and Kotlin DSL in the same project?
  12. How do you migrate from Groovy to Kotlin DSL?
  13. What is the syntax difference for applying plugins in both DSLs?
  14. How do you configure dependencies in Kotlin DSL?
  15. What is the .kts file extension used for?
  16. What are advantages of Kotlin DSL?
  17. What are disadvantages of Kotlin DSL?
  18. How do you debug DSL errors?
  19. Which DSL provides better type safety?
  20. Which DSL provides more flexibility?

8. Testing & CI/CD Integration

  1. How do you configure JUnit in Gradle?
  2. How do you configure TestNG in Gradle?
  3. What is the role of test task?
  4. How do you configure test logging?
  5. How do you filter specific tests in Gradle?
  6. How do you set system properties for tests?
  7. How do you configure parallel test execution?
  8. How do you generate code coverage reports?
  9. How do you integrate Jacoco with Gradle?
  10. What is the difference between check and test tasks?
  11. How do you configure test reports in Gradle?
  12. How do you fail a build if tests fail?
  13. How do you run specific test classes in Gradle?
  14. How do you integrate Gradle with Jenkins?
  15. How do you configure Gradle in GitHub Actions?
  16. How do you configure Gradle in GitLab CI/CD?
  17. How do you integrate Gradle with Docker builds?
  18. How do you configure Gradle with Kubernetes deployments?
  19. How do you automate publishing artifacts in CI/CD?
  20. How do you optimize Gradle builds in CI/CD environments?

9. Gradle Performance & Troubleshooting

  1. What is the Gradle build cache?
  2. How do you enable and configure the build cache?
  3. Difference between local and remote build cache?
  4. How do you enable parallel builds in Gradle?
  5. What is configuration on demand in Gradle?
  6. What is Gradle daemon?
  7. How do you enable and disable Gradle daemon?
  8. What are common performance tuning options in Gradle?
  9. How do you analyze build performance?
  10. How do you use --profile in Gradle?
  11. What is dependency resolution caching?
  12. How do you handle slow dependency resolution?
  13. How do you debug a Gradle build failure?
  14. How do you enable debug logs in Gradle?
  15. How do you troubleshoot OutOfMemory errors in Gradle?
  16. How do you handle circular dependencies in Gradle?
  17. What is dependency substitution?
  18. How do you fix version conflict issues?
  19. How do you verify task execution order?
  20. What are common Gradle troubleshooting strategies?

10. Best Practices & Advanced Features

  1. What are best practices for writing Gradle scripts?
  2. How do you modularize large Gradle projects?
  3. How do you reuse common build logic?
  4. What is convention over configuration in Gradle?
  5. How do you enforce dependency versions?
  6. What is a version catalog in Gradle?
  7. How do you implement version catalogs?
  8. What is dependency locking, and why use it?
  9. How do you enforce consistent dependency versions across projects?
  10. What are best practices for multi-project builds?
  11. How do you keep Gradle builds reproducible?
  12. What are common anti-patterns in Gradle builds?
  13. How do you implement security best practices in Gradle?
  14. How do you validate build scripts?
  15. How do you enforce code style checks in Gradle?
  16. How do you automate publishing with Gradle?
  17. How do you implement release automation with Gradle?
  18. How do you configure continuous builds in Gradle?
  19. How do you integrate static analysis tools with Gradle?
  20. What are the latest trends and improvements in Gradle?

Related Topics


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#JFrog

#JFrog

Key Concepts


Topic / SubTopic Basic Intermediate Advanced Expert
Introduction What is JFrog, Products overview, Benefits ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Installation & Setup On-prem, Cloud, Docker, System requirements ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Basic Artifact Operations Upload/download artifacts, REST API basics, UI navigation ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Authentication & Authorization Users, Groups, Permissions, Roles ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Repositories Local, Remote, Virtual, Repository Layouts, Best Practices ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Package Management Maven, Gradle, npm, PyPI, Docker registries ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Build Integration Jenkins, TeamCity, GitHub Actions, GitLab CI/CD ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Security & Compliance Xray scans, Vulnerability detection, License compliance ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
CI/CD & Pipelines JFrog Pipelines, Artifact promotion, Distribution ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Enterprise Setup High availability, Clustering, Disaster recovery, Multi-site replication ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
CLI Basics JFrog CLI commands, Installation, Configuration ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Logging & Troubleshooting Basics UI logs, Error messages ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Docker & Kubernetes JFrog as Docker registry, Helm charts integration ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Metadata & Properties Artifact metadata, Custom properties ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Repository Replication Push/Pull replication, Failover setup ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Build Info & Metadata Collecting build info, Integration with CI/CD ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Cross-Repo Operations Copy/Move artifacts, Multi-repo search ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Custom Plugins Artifactory plugins, Automation extensions ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Notifications & Webhooks Artifact events, CI/CD triggers ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Community & Resources Documentation, Forums, Support ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅

Interview question

📘 Basic Level

  1. What is JFrog Artifactory?
  2. What are the main features of JFrog Artifactory?
  3. Explain the difference between a local, remote, and virtual repository in JFrog.
  4. What is the purpose of JFrog CLI?
  5. Which package formats are supported by JFrog Artifactory?
  6. How does JFrog Artifactory integrate with CI/CD tools?
  7. What is the difference between JFrog Artifactory OSS and JFrog Pro?
  8. Explain the concept of metadata in JFrog repositories.
  9. What is the default storage mechanism used in Artifactory?
  10. How do you create a local repository in JFrog Artifactory?
  11. What is the JFrog Mission Control tool used for?
  12. Explain the concept of ?repository path? in Artifactory.
  13. How does authentication work in JFrog Artifactory?
  14. What are the different types of repositories in JFrog?
  15. Can JFrog Artifactory host Docker images?
  16. What is the role of artifactory.properties file?
  17. How do you access JFrog Artifactory via REST API?
  18. What is the purpose of the JFrog Xray product?
  19. Explain the concept of repository replication.
  20. How do you search for an artifact in Artifactory?
  21. What is the difference between Artifactory and Nexus?
  22. How do you configure users and groups in JFrog?
  23. What is the JFrog Platform?
  24. What is the purpose of access tokens in JFrog?
  25. Explain the basic installation steps for JFrog Artifactory.

📗 Intermediate Level

  1. How do you integrate JFrog Artifactory with Jenkins?
  2. Explain artifact promotion in JFrog.
  3. How does JFrog handle artifact versioning?
  4. What is the difference between "Snapshot" and "Release" repositories in Maven with JFrog?
  5. How do you configure SSL for JFrog Artifactory?
  6. What is JFrog Pipelines, and how does it differ from Jenkins?
  7. Explain the use of ?Build Info? in JFrog.
  8. How do you replicate a repository across multiple sites?
  9. What is the difference between push and pull replication?
  10. How do you monitor Artifactory performance?
  11. What are the benefits of using JFrog CLI over REST API?
  12. How do you backup and restore JFrog Artifactory data?
  13. What is the difference between anonymous and authenticated access?
  14. How do you configure API keys for automation in JFrog?
  15. Explain the role of access federation in JFrog.
  16. How do you configure retention policies for artifacts?
  17. What is the use of JFrog Access service?
  18. How do you configure LDAP or SAML authentication in JFrog?
  19. What is artifact resolution in JFrog?
  20. How do you enable high availability (HA) in JFrog?
  21. Explain the concept of "checksum-based storage".
  22. What is the difference between virtual and remote repositories?
  23. How do you enable fine-grained permissions for users?
  24. Explain how caching works in remote repositories.
  25. How do you monitor security vulnerabilities using JFrog Xray?

📕 Advanced Level

  1. How does JFrog Artifactory handle immutability of artifacts?
  2. Explain JFrog?s microservices architecture.
  3. How do you integrate JFrog Artifactory with Kubernetes?
  4. What are the scaling strategies for JFrog Artifactory in production?
  5. How do you secure Docker repositories in JFrog?
  6. Explain how JFrog Xray integrates with CI/CD pipelines.
  7. How do you handle artifact cleanup strategies?
  8. What is the difference between Smart Remote Repositories and Replication?
  9. How does JFrog Artifactory store binary files internally?
  10. How do you troubleshoot performance issues in JFrog?
  11. Explain how to configure distribution repositories in JFrog.
  12. How do you manage multi-site artifact distribution?
  13. How does JFrog handle database connectivity?
  14. What are some best practices for repository naming conventions?
  15. How do you configure JFrog for disaster recovery?
  16. Explain the use of ?Repository Layouts? in JFrog.
  17. What are JFrog Projects, and how are they useful?
  18. How do you automate artifact promotion with JFrog CLI?
  19. What is the role of metadata indexing in JFrog?
  20. How do you use AQL (Artifactory Query Language)?
  21. What is the difference between an artifact and a module?
  22. How do you configure security replication across multiple JFrog instances?
  23. What is the role of the router service in JFrog architecture?
  24. How do you integrate JFrog with HashiCorp Vault or Secret Managers?
  25. Explain the difference between hybrid and SaaS deployments of JFrog.

📓 Expert Level

  1. How do you design a multi-region JFrog deployment for enterprise scale?
  2. Explain the internals of JFrog?s checksum-based storage mechanism.
  3. How do you tune JFrog Garbage Collection for performance?
  4. What are the advanced security practices for securing JFrog repositories?
  5. How do you integrate JFrog with Service Mesh (Istio, Linkerd)?
  6. Explain the challenges of scaling JFrog in cloud-native environments.
  7. How do you design HA clusters for JFrog Artifactory?
  8. What are the advanced use cases of JFrog Xray?
  9. How do you handle petabyte-scale artifact storage in JFrog?
  10. Explain the role of Metadata Service in JFrog?s architecture.
  11. How do you debug microservice failures in JFrog Platform?
  12. What are the performance bottlenecks in JFrog, and how do you mitigate them?
  13. How do you configure fine-grained RBAC across thousands of users in JFrog?
  14. What are the differences between JFrog SaaS and self-hosted from a security perspective?
  15. How do you integrate JFrog with GitOps workflows?
  16. How do you migrate from Nexus/Harbor to JFrog Artifactory?
  17. Explain the process of onboarding enterprise teams into JFrog Platform.
  18. How do you configure JFrog Distribution for global software delivery?
  19. What is the best approach to securing API-driven automation in JFrog?
  20. How do you tune JFrog?s PostgreSQL for optimal performance?
  21. What are some strategies to reduce storage costs in JFrog Artifactory?
  22. How do you integrate JFrog with advanced observability tools (Prometheus, Grafana, ELK)?
  23. How do you implement a blue/green deployment strategy using JFrog?
  24. What is the future roadmap of JFrog (AI/ML integrations, advanced DevSecOps features)?
  25. Explain how JFrog can be part of a Zero Trust security model.

Related Topics


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21 December 2020

#Log4j

#Log4j

Key Concepts


Topic SubTopic Basic ✅ Intermediate ✅ Advanced ✅ Expert ✅
Introduction What is Log4j, Features, Benefits, Logging levels ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Installation & Setup Dependencies, Configuration files, Log4j2.xml, Classpath setup ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Loggers Logger hierarchy, Root logger, Named logger, Logger levels ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Appenders Console, File, RollingFile, Socket, SMTP, Custom Appenders ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Layouts PatternLayout, HTMLLayout, JSONLayout, Custom layouts ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Filters LevelRangeFilter, ThresholdFilter, Custom filters ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Configuration XML, Properties, YAML, JSON configuration, Programmatic config ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Asynchronous Logging AsyncAppender, Thread safety, Performance benefits ✅ ✅ ✅
Logging Performance Buffering, Async logging, Garbage collection impact ✅ ✅ ✅
Advanced Features Custom appenders, Custom filters, MDC/NDC, Lookups ✅ ✅
Error Handling Handling exceptions in logging, Failover strategies ✅ ✅ ✅
Integration Spring Boot, SLF4J, Logback bridge, Application frameworks ✅ ✅ ✅
Monitoring & Maintenance Log rotation, Archiving, Log cleanup, Metrics ✅ ✅ ✅
Security Masking sensitive data, Secure logging, Audit logs ✅ ✅ ✅
Best Practices Structured logging, Correlation IDs, Logging guidelines ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅

Interview question

1. Introduction ? What is Log4j, Features, Benefits, Logging levels

  1. What is Log4j?
  2. Explain the main features of Log4j.
  3. What are the benefits of using Log4j?
  4. List the logging levels in Log4j.
  5. What is the difference between DEBUG and INFO levels?
  6. What is the difference between WARN and ERROR levels?
  7. How does Log4j help in application debugging?
  8. Can you disable logging in production? How?
  9. What are common use cases for Log4j?
  10. How does Log4j differ from System.out.println logging?

2. Installation & Setup ? Dependencies, Configuration files, Classpath

  1. How do you install Log4j in a Java project?
  2. What are the required dependencies for Log4j2?
  3. What is the default configuration file name for Log4j2?
  4. How to configure Log4j using XML?
  5. How to configure Log4j using Properties file?
  6. How to configure Log4j using JSON or YAML?
  7. How to set the classpath for Log4j configuration?
  8. Can you programmatically configure Log4j? How?
  9. What are common configuration mistakes?
  10. How to verify that Log4j is initialized correctly?

3. Loggers ? Logger hierarchy, Root logger, Named logger, Logger levels

  1. What is a Logger in Log4j?
  2. Explain Logger hierarchy in Log4j.
  3. What is the root logger?
  4. How to create a named logger?
  5. How to set different levels for different loggers?
  6. What is additive behavior in loggers?
  7. How to prevent logger messages from propagating?
  8. Can loggers be defined programmatically?
  9. Difference between Logger and Root Logger?
  10. How to log messages to multiple loggers?

4. Appenders ? Console, File, RollingFile, Socket, SMTP, Custom

  1. What is an Appender in Log4j?
  2. How to configure ConsoleAppender?
  3. How to configure FileAppender?
  4. What is RollingFileAppender and why use it?
  5. How to configure SMTPAppender for email notifications?
  6. How to configure SocketAppender for remote logging?
  7. How to create a custom Appender?
  8. Difference between FileAppender and RollingFileAppender?
  9. How does AsyncAppender work?
  10. What are best practices for choosing appenders?

5. Layouts ? PatternLayout, HTMLLayout, JSONLayout, Custom layouts

  1. What is a Layout in Log4j?
  2. Explain PatternLayout and its placeholders.
  3. How to use HTMLLayout for logging?
  4. How to log in JSON format?
  5. How to create a custom layout?
  6. What is the default layout in Log4j?
  7. How to include timestamp and thread in log pattern?
  8. How to include MDC or NDC values in layout?
  9. Difference between HTMLLayout and PatternLayout?
  10. How to format logs for readability?

6. Filters ? LevelRangeFilter, ThresholdFilter, Custom filters

  1. What is a Filter in Log4j?
  2. How to use LevelRangeFilter?
  3. How to use ThresholdFilter?
  4. How to combine multiple filters?
  5. How to create a custom filter?
  6. Difference between Filter and Appender threshold?
  7. How to filter logs by logger name?
  8. How to filter logs by message content?
  9. Can filters be applied programmatically?
  10. Best practices for using filters?

7. Asynchronous Logging ? AsyncAppender, Thread safety, Performance

  1. What is AsyncAppender in Log4j?
  2. How does asynchronous logging improve performance?
  3. How to configure AsyncAppender?
  4. How to ensure thread safety with AsyncAppender?
  5. Difference between synchronous and asynchronous logging?
  6. How does Log4j handle high-volume logging?
  7. Can AsyncAppender work with multiple appenders?
  8. What is the internal queue in AsyncAppender?
  9. How to monitor dropped log events?
  10. Best practices for async logging?

8. Error Handling ? Handling exceptions in logging, Failover strategies

  1. How does Log4j handle errors during logging?
  2. What happens if a log file is not writable?
  3. How to configure failover appenders?
  4. How to prevent logging from crashing the application?
  5. How to handle exceptions inside custom appenders?
  6. Difference between FailoverAppender and BackupAppender?
  7. How to monitor logging errors?
  8. How to log errors without infinite loops?
  9. How to use ErrorHandler interface?
  10. Best practices for logging failures?

9. Integration ? Spring Boot, SLF4J, Logback bridge, Application frameworks

  1. How to integrate Log4j with Spring Boot?
  2. Difference between Log4j, SLF4J, and Logback?
  3. How to use Log4j through SLF4J?
  4. How to replace Logback with Log4j in Spring Boot?
  5. How to configure logging profiles in Spring Boot?
  6. How to log messages from third-party libraries?
  7. How to bridge java.util.logging to Log4j?
  8. How to integrate Log4j with web applications?
  9. How to log asynchronous processes in frameworks?
  10. How to use MDC/NDC in application frameworks?

10. Best Practices & Advanced Topics ? Structured logging, MDC, Security

  1. What is structured logging?
  2. How to use MDC (Mapped Diagnostic Context)?
  3. How to use NDC (Nested Diagnostic Context)?
  4. How to mask sensitive information in logs?
  5. How to implement correlation IDs for distributed tracing?
  6. Best practices for log file rotation and retention?
  7. How to monitor logs in production?
  8. How to analyze logs efficiently?
  9. How to secure log files?
  10. Advanced configuration tips for large-scale applications?

Related Topics


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05 December 2020

#OpenShift

#Openshift

Key Concepts


Topic Sub-Topics Basic Intermediate Advanced Expert
OpenShift Basics Introduction, Features, Architecture, Components ✅ ✅
Installation & Configuration Prerequisites, CLI Tools, Cluster Setup, Authentication ✅ ✅ ✅
Pods & Deployments Pods, ReplicaSets, Deployments, DeploymentConfig ✅ ✅ ✅
Services & Networking Services, Routes, Ingress, DNS, Load Balancing ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Storage Management Persistent Volumes, PVC, Storage Classes, Dynamic Provisioning ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Security & RBAC Authentication, Authorization, SCC, RBAC Policies ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Build & Image Management BuildConfig, ImageStream, Source-to-Image (S2I), Dockerfiles ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
CI/CD Integration Jenkins Pipeline, GitOps, Webhooks, Tekton Pipelines ✅ ✅ ✅
Operators & CRDs Operators, OperatorHub, Custom Resource Definitions ✅ ✅ ✅
Logging & Monitoring Cluster Logging, Metrics, Prometheus, Grafana, Alerts ✅ ✅ ✅
Scaling & Auto-healing HPA, VPA, Cluster Autoscaler, Self-healing ✅ ✅ ✅
Multi-tenancy & Projects Namespaces, Quotas, Limits, Resource Management ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Cluster Administration Node Management, Master/Worker Nodes, Certificates ✅ ✅ ✅
Upgrades & Maintenance Patching, Version Upgrades, Backup/Restore, Disaster Recovery ✅ ✅ ✅
Hybrid & Multi-cloud OpenShift on AWS, Azure, GCP, Hybrid Cloud, OpenShift Virtualization ✅ ✅
Service Mesh & Networking Istio, Service Mesh, Sidecar, Traffic Management ✅ ✅
Advanced Security OAuth, LDAP, NetworkPolicies, Compliance, Security Scanning ✅ ✅ ✅
Performance & Optimization Resource Tuning, Node Affinity, Pod Scheduling, QoS ✅ ✅
Troubleshooting & Debugging Pod Debugging, Node Issues, Network Issues, Logging Analysis ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Real-world Use Cases Enterprise Deployments, Microservices, Event-driven Apps ✅ ✅ ✅

Interview question

1. OpenShift Basics & Architecture

  1. What is OpenShift, and how does it differ from Kubernetes?
  2. Explain the core components of OpenShift architecture.
  3. What is the role of the Master Node in OpenShift?
  4. What is the role of the Worker Node in OpenShift?
  5. Explain the purpose of etcd in OpenShift.
  6. What is an OpenShift Project vs Namespace?
  7. What are the advantages of OpenShift over vanilla Kubernetes?
  8. Explain OpenShift API Server functionality.
  9. What is OpenShift CLI (oc), and how does it differ from kubectl?
  10. What are Templates in OpenShift?
  11. Explain the Source-to-Image (S2I) concept.
  12. How does OpenShift support multi-tenancy?
  13. What are the default roles in OpenShift?
  14. How does OpenShift support hybrid cloud environments?
  15. Explain OpenShift Routes.
  16. What is the difference between OpenShift Online, Dedicated, and Container Platform?
  17. What is the OperatorHub in OpenShift?
  18. Explain Service Catalog in OpenShift.
  19. What is OpenShift Virtualization?
  20. How does OpenShift integrate with DevOps practices?

2. Installation & Configuration

  1. What are the prerequisites for installing OpenShift?
  2. How do you install OpenShift on-premises?
  3. How do you install OpenShift on AWS, Azure, or GCP?
  4. What is the difference between IPI and UPI installation in OpenShift?
  5. How do you set up the OpenShift CLI (oc)?
  6. How do you verify OpenShift cluster installation?
  7. How do you configure authentication providers in OpenShift?
  8. Explain the bootstrap node in OpenShift installation.
  9. How do you configure networking during installation?
  10. What is the role of the installer-provisioned infrastructure (IPI)?
  11. How do you upgrade an OpenShift cluster?
  12. How do you perform a rolling upgrade of nodes?
  13. How do you back up etcd before upgrading OpenShift?
  14. Explain the role of kubeconfig in OpenShift.
  15. How do you add new worker nodes to an OpenShift cluster?
  16. How do you configure custom certificates in OpenShift?
  17. How do you enable FIPS mode in OpenShift?
  18. Explain single-node OpenShift use cases.
  19. How do you configure Ingress Controllers during installation?
  20. How do you integrate OpenShift with LDAP or Active Directory?

3. Pods, Deployments & Workloads

  1. What is a Pod in OpenShift?
  2. How do you create a Pod using CLI in OpenShift?
  3. Explain DeploymentConfig in OpenShift.
  4. What is the difference between Deployment and DeploymentConfig?
  5. What are ReplicaSets in OpenShift?
  6. How do you perform a rolling update in OpenShift?
  7. What are StatefulSets, and when do you use them?
  8. How do you restart a Pod in OpenShift?
  9. Explain the Pod lifecycle in OpenShift.
  10. What are DaemonSets in OpenShift?
  11. How do you debug a failed Pod?
  12. How do you check Pod logs in OpenShift?
  13. What is an Init container?
  14. How do you run Jobs and CronJobs in OpenShift?
  15. What is the difference between stateless and stateful workloads?
  16. How do you run batch jobs in OpenShift?
  17. Explain horizontal scaling of Pods in OpenShift.
  18. How do you configure Pod affinity and anti-affinity?
  19. What are labels and selectors in OpenShift Pods?
  20. How do you expose an application Pod to external traffic?

4. Services & Networking

  1. What are Services in OpenShift?
  2. What is the difference between ClusterIP, NodePort, and LoadBalancer?
  3. What is OpenShift Route, and how is it different from Ingress?
  4. How do you configure TLS termination on Routes?
  5. What is the default network plugin in OpenShift?
  6. Explain the OpenShift SDN.
  7. How do you troubleshoot networking issues in OpenShift?
  8. How do you connect Pods across multiple nodes?
  9. What is Multus CNI in OpenShift?
  10. How do you assign static IPs to Pods?
  11. What are NetworkPolicies in OpenShift?
  12. How do you secure inter-Pod communication?
  13. What is DNS resolution in OpenShift networking?
  14. How do you configure load balancing in OpenShift?
  15. What is Egress IP in OpenShift?
  16. How do you configure External IPs in OpenShift?
  17. How does OpenShift handle service discovery?
  18. What is MetalLB in OpenShift?
  19. What are service meshes in OpenShift networking?
  20. How does Istio integrate with OpenShift?

5. Storage & Persistent Data

  1. What are Persistent Volumes (PV) in OpenShift?
  2. What are Persistent Volume Claims (PVC)?
  3. How do you dynamically provision storage in OpenShift?
  4. What is a StorageClass in OpenShift?
  5. How do you mount a PVC to a Pod?
  6. What is ephemeral storage in OpenShift?
  7. How do you configure NFS storage in OpenShift?
  8. How do you configure Ceph or GlusterFS with OpenShift?
  9. What is OpenShift Container Storage (OCS)?
  10. How do you back up Persistent Volumes?
  11. How do you share storage between multiple Pods?
  12. What is ReadWriteMany (RWX) mode in PVCs?
  13. How do you expand PVC size?
  14. How do you reclaim Persistent Volumes?
  15. How do you migrate storage across clusters?
  16. What is dynamic volume provisioning?
  17. How do you use CSI drivers in OpenShift?
  18. What are ephemeral vs persistent volumes?
  19. How do you monitor storage utilization in OpenShift?
  20. How do you troubleshoot PVC binding issues?

6. Security & RBAC

  1. How does OpenShift manage authentication?
  2. What are Security Context Constraints (SCC) in OpenShift?
  3. How do you restrict container privileges in OpenShift?
  4. What is RBAC in OpenShift?
  5. How do you assign roles to users?
  6. What are the default roles in OpenShift?
  7. How do you create a custom role in OpenShift?
  8. What is OAuth in OpenShift?
  9. How do you integrate OpenShift with Keycloak?
  10. What is the difference between ClusterRole and Role?
  11. How do you apply NetworkPolicies for security?
  12. What are secrets in OpenShift?
  13. How do you mount secrets into Pods?
  14. How do you encrypt data at rest in OpenShift?
  15. How do you enable audit logging in OpenShift?
  16. What is SELinux in OpenShift security?
  17. How do you enforce image signing in OpenShift?
  18. What are compliance operators in OpenShift?
  19. How do you secure container images in OpenShift?
  20. What is PodSecurityPolicy (PSP) vs SCC in OpenShift?

7. CI/CD & DevOps Integration

  1. How does OpenShift support CI/CD?
  2. What is Source-to-Image (S2I) in OpenShift?
  3. How do you integrate Jenkins with OpenShift?
  4. What are OpenShift Pipelines (Tekton)?
  5. How do you trigger builds using webhooks in OpenShift?
  6. How do you configure GitOps in OpenShift?
  7. How does ArgoCD integrate with OpenShift?
  8. How do you implement Blue-Green deployments in OpenShift?
  9. How do you implement Canary deployments in OpenShift?
  10. How do you roll back failed deployments in OpenShift?
  11. How do you integrate SonarQube with OpenShift CI/CD?
  12. How do you build Docker images inside OpenShift?
  13. How do you automate testing with OpenShift Pipelines?
  14. How do you integrate Nexus or Artifactory with OpenShift?
  15. What are BuildConfigs in OpenShift?
  16. How do you use Jenkins agents in OpenShift?
  17. How do you schedule pipeline runs in OpenShift?
  18. How do you manage pipeline secrets securely?
  19. What are triggers in BuildConfig?
  20. How do you monitor CI/CD pipelines in OpenShift?

8. Operators & Custom Resources

  1. What is an Operator in OpenShift?
  2. What is the OperatorHub?
  3. How do you deploy an Operator in OpenShift?
  4. What are Custom Resource Definitions (CRDs)?
  5. How do you write a custom Operator?
  6. What is OLM (Operator Lifecycle Manager)?
  7. How do you upgrade Operators?
  8. How do you monitor Operator health?
  9. What is the difference between cluster-scoped and namespace-scoped Operators?
  10. How do Operators simplify application management?
  11. How do you manage Operator dependencies?
  12. How do you troubleshoot Operator failures?
  13. What are the advantages of Operators over Helm charts?
  14. What is Operator SDK?
  15. How do you secure Operators in OpenShift?
  16. What are day-2 operations in Operators?
  17. How do you configure CRDs in OpenShift?
  18. What are built-in OpenShift Operators?
  19. How do you rollback Operator versions?
  20. How do you use Operators for monitoring and logging?

9. Logging, Monitoring & Troubleshooting

  1. What are the logging options in OpenShift?
  2. How do you configure EFK stack (Elasticsearch, Fluentd, Kibana) in OpenShift?
  3. How do you configure Prometheus in OpenShift?
  4. How do you configure Grafana in OpenShift?
  5. How do you monitor cluster health?
  6. What are metrics exposed by OpenShift?
  7. How do you collect application logs in OpenShift?
  8. How do you troubleshoot Pod crashes?
  9. How do you troubleshoot failed Deployments?
  10. How do you debug networking issues?
  11. What is oc describe command used for?
  12. How do you trace resource usage of a Pod?
  13. How do you enable audit logging in OpenShift?
  14. What is cluster logging operator?
  15. How do you set up alerts in OpenShift?
  16. How do you troubleshoot failed Builds in OpenShift?
  17. How do you analyze etcd performance issues?
  18. How do you monitor control plane nodes?
  19. How do you troubleshoot Route errors?
  20. How do you diagnose API server performance issues?

10. Scaling, Performance & Best Practices

  1. How do you scale Pods in OpenShift?
  2. What is Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA)?
  3. What is Vertical Pod Autoscaler (VPA)?
  4. What is Cluster Autoscaler in OpenShift?
  5. How do you configure resource requests and limits?
  6. What is Quality of Service (QoS) in OpenShift?
  7. How do you implement Pod affinity rules for performance?
  8. How do you optimize container images for OpenShift?
  9. How do you monitor resource utilization in OpenShift?
  10. How do you tune etcd performance?
  11. What is the best practice for managing namespaces?
  12. How do you configure node selectors in OpenShift?
  13. How do you configure taints and tolerations in OpenShift?
  14. What is pod disruption budget in OpenShift?
  15. How do you optimize scheduling policies?
  16. How do you design OpenShift for high availability?
  17. How do you optimize networking performance?
  18. How do you manage large-scale OpenShift clusters?
  19. What are some best practices for OpenShift upgrades?
  20. What are enterprise-level best practices for OpenShift adoption?

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12 November 2020

#Postgresql

#PostgreSql

Key Concepts


Topic SubTopics Basic Intermediate Advanced Expert
Introduction & Basics Overview, Features, Editions, Comparison with other RDBMS ✅
Installation & Configuration System Requirements, Installation (Linux/Windows), Configuration Files ✅ ✅
Databases & Schemas Creating Databases, Schemas, Default Settings, Search Paths ✅ ✅
Tables & Data Types Creating Tables, Column Types, Constraints, Serial/UUID, JSON/JSONB ✅ ✅
Primary & Foreign Keys PK, FK, Referential Integrity, Cascading Rules ✅ ✅
Indexes B-Tree, Hash, GIN, GiST, BRIN, Partial, Expression Indexes ✅ ✅
Views Simple Views, Materialized Views, Security, Refresh Strategies ✅ ✅ ✅
Stored Procedures & Functions PL/pgSQL, Language Functions, Parameters, RETURNS ✅ ✅ ✅
Triggers BEFORE/AFTER, INSTEAD OF, Row-Level, Statement-Level ✅ ✅
Transactions BEGIN/COMMIT/ROLLBACK, ACID, Isolation Levels, Savepoints ✅ ✅ ✅
Locks & Concurrency Row-Level Locks, Table Locks, Deadlocks, Advisory Locks ✅ ✅
Constraints NOT NULL, UNIQUE, CHECK, EXCLUSION, DEFAULT ✅ ✅
Normalization & Design 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, Denormalization, ERD ✅ ✅
Querying SELECT, JOINs, WHERE, GROUP BY, HAVING, ORDER BY, DISTINCT ✅ ✅ ✅
Advanced Queries CTEs, Window Functions, Ranking, Aggregates, JSON Queries ✅ ✅
Performance Tuning EXPLAIN/EXPLAIN ANALYZE, Index Tuning, Query Optimization ✅ ✅
Partitioning Table Partitioning, Inheritance, Declarative Partitioning ✅ ✅
Backup & Restore pg_dump, pg_restore, Base Backups, PITR (Point-in-Time Recovery) ✅ ✅ ✅
Replication & High Availability Streaming Replication, Logical Replication, Hot Standby, Failover ✅ ✅ ✅
Security Roles, Users, Permissions, Row-Level Security, Authentication ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Monitoring & Maintenance pg_stat views, Logs, AutoVacuum, Maintenance Tasks ✅ ✅
Extensions & Plugins PostGIS, pg_partman, citext, Custom Extensions ✅ ✅ ✅
Foreign Data Wrappers (FDW) postgres_fdw, oracle_fdw, MongoDB FDW, Configuration ✅ ✅ ✅
Advanced Features JSONB Indexing, Full-Text Search, Materialized Views, GIN Index ✅ ✅ ✅
Cloud & Scaling Amazon RDS, Aurora, GCP Cloud SQL, Citus, Sharding Strategies ✅ ✅

Interview question

Basic Level

  1. What is PostgreSQL and how is it different from other RDBMS like MySQL or Oracle?
  2. What are the main features of PostgreSQL?
  3. Explain the architecture of PostgreSQL.
  4. How do you install PostgreSQL on Linux and Windows?
  5. What is psql in PostgreSQL?
  6. How do you create a new database in PostgreSQL?
  7. How do you list all databases in PostgreSQL?
  8. What are schemas in PostgreSQL?
  9. How do you connect to a PostgreSQL database using psql?
  10. Explain the difference between CHAR, VARCHAR, and TEXT in PostgreSQL.
  11. How do you create a table in PostgreSQL?
  12. What are the different data types available in PostgreSQL?
  13. How do you insert data into a PostgreSQL table?
  14. How do you update and delete data in PostgreSQL?
  15. What are sequences in PostgreSQL?
  16. How do you create a sequence in PostgreSQL?
  17. What is a primary key in PostgreSQL?
  18. How do you define a foreign key in PostgreSQL?
  19. What are indexes in PostgreSQL?
  20. How do you create an index in PostgreSQL?
  21. What is the difference between DELETE and TRUNCATE?
  22. What is the purpose of the RETURNING clause in PostgreSQL?
  23. How do you enable case-insensitive search in PostgreSQL?
  24. Explain the difference between NULL and an empty string.
  25. How do you backup and restore a PostgreSQL database?

Intermediate Level

  1. What are PostgreSQL system catalogs?
  2. How does PostgreSQL handle transactions?
  3. Explain the concept of MVCC (Multi-Version Concurrency Control).
  4. What is the difference between COMMIT and ROLLBACK?
  5. How do you implement foreign key constraints with cascading actions?
  6. What is a materialized view in PostgreSQL?
  7. How do you refresh a materialized view?
  8. Explain the difference between VIEW and MATERIALIZED VIEW.
  9. What are window functions in PostgreSQL?
  10. How do you use ROW_NUMBER(), RANK(), and DENSE_RANK()?
  11. What are PostgreSQL extensions? Give examples.
  12. What is the pgAdmin tool used for?
  13. How do you monitor queries in PostgreSQL?
  14. What is the EXPLAIN command used for?
  15. How do you optimize queries in PostgreSQL?
  16. Explain the difference between INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT JOIN, and FULL JOIN.
  17. How do you implement recursive queries in PostgreSQL?
  18. What is the difference between NOW() and CURRENT_DATE?
  19. Explain COALESCE() function in PostgreSQL.
  20. How do you use JSON and JSONB data types in PostgreSQL?
  21. How do you create and query an array column in PostgreSQL?
  22. What are PostgreSQL operators for pattern matching?
  23. Explain IS DISTINCT FROM operator in PostgreSQL.
  24. How do you grant and revoke privileges in PostgreSQL?
  25. What is the role of pg_hba.conf?

Advanced Level

  1. Explain Write-Ahead Logging (WAL) in PostgreSQL.
  2. How does PostgreSQL ensure data consistency?
  3. What are the different types of indexes in PostgreSQL?
  4. When should you use GIN vs BTREE indexes?
  5. Explain Partial Indexes in PostgreSQL.
  6. What is a covering index in PostgreSQL?
  7. How do you implement full-text search in PostgreSQL?
  8. Explain the difference between TO_CHAR() and TO_DATE().
  9. How does PostgreSQL handle concurrency and locking?
  10. What are advisory locks in PostgreSQL?
  11. How does VACUUM work in PostgreSQL?
  12. What is the difference between VACUUM and VACUUM FULL?
  13. What is ANALYZE used for?
  14. How does PostgreSQL query planner work?
  15. What are parallel queries in PostgreSQL?
  16. Explain logical vs physical replication.
  17. How do you configure replication in PostgreSQL?
  18. What are hot standby servers in PostgreSQL?
  19. Explain Point-In-Time Recovery (PITR) in PostgreSQL.
  20. How do you implement partitioning in PostgreSQL?
  21. Explain the difference between range and list partitioning.
  22. What is a foreign data wrapper (FDW)?
  23. How do you connect PostgreSQL with other databases using FDW?
  24. What are stored procedures in PostgreSQL?
  25. How do you write PL/pgSQL functions?

Expert Level

  1. Explain PostgreSQL?s process architecture (postmaster, background workers, autovacuum).
  2. How do you handle deadlocks in PostgreSQL?
  3. What strategies can be used for PostgreSQL performance tuning?
  4. How do you tune work_mem, shared_buffers, and effective_cache_size?
  5. What are PostgreSQL tablespaces?
  6. How do you create and use a tablespace?
  7. What is sharding in PostgreSQL? How can it be implemented?
  8. How does PostgreSQL differ from distributed databases like CockroachDB or Citus?
  9. What is the difference between synchronous and asynchronous replication?
  10. How do you set up synchronous replication?
  11. How do you monitor replication lag in PostgreSQL?
  12. How do you implement high availability (HA) in PostgreSQL?
  13. Explain connection pooling in PostgreSQL.
  14. What is PgBouncer and how is it used?
  15. How do you implement partition pruning in PostgreSQL?
  16. Explain JIT (Just-In-Time) compilation in PostgreSQL.
  17. How do you debug performance issues in PostgreSQL queries?
  18. What are generated columns in PostgreSQL?
  19. How do you implement Row-Level Security (RLS)?
  20. How do you use event triggers in PostgreSQL?
  21. Explain logical decoding in PostgreSQL.
  22. What is WAL archiving and how is it configured?
  23. How does PostgreSQL handle large objects (LOBs)?
  24. What are common PostgreSQL anti-patterns to avoid?
  25. Compare PostgreSQL with NoSQL databases in terms of scalability and flexibility.

Related Topics


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11 November 2020

#CoreJava_08

#CoreJava_08

Key Concepts


Topic Sub-Topics Basic Intermediate Advanced Expert
Lambda Expressions Syntax, Scope, Variable capture, Method references, Constructor references ✔️ ✔️ ✔️ ✔️
Functional Interfaces Predicate, Consumer, Supplier, Function, BiFunction, UnaryOperator, BinaryOperator, Custom FI ✔️ ✔️ ✔️ ✔️
Stream API - Basics Creating streams, map(), filter(), forEach(), count(), collect() ✔️ ✔️
Stream API - Intermediate distinct(), sorted(), limit(), skip(), peek(), Optional + Streams ✔️ ✔️
Stream API - Advanced reduce(), flatMap(), groupingBy(), partitioningBy(), joining(), summarizing, parallelStream() ✔️ ✔️ ✔️
Stream API - Expert Custom collectors, Stream performance tuning, Spliterator, Lazy evaluation, Infinite streams ✔️ ✔️
Optional Class of(), ofNullable(), empty(), isPresent(), ifPresent(), orElse(), orElseGet(), orElseThrow() ✔️ ✔️
Date and Time API (java.time) LocalDate, LocalTime, LocalDateTime, Instant, ZoneId, OffsetDateTime, Period, Duration ✔️ ✔️ ✔️
Date and Time Formatting DateTimeFormatter, Custom patterns, Parsing, Timezone conversions ✔️ ✔️
Default & Static Methods in Interfaces Default methods, Static methods, Diamond problem, Multiple inheritance resolution ✔️ ✔️ ✔️ ✔️
CompletableFuture & Concurrency supplyAsync(), runAsync(), thenApply(), thenAccept(), thenCombine(), allOf(), anyOf() ✔️ ✔️ ✔️
Asynchronous Programming Exception handling in CompletableFuture, Non-blocking computations, Chaining futures ✔️ ✔️
Nashorn JavaScript Engine Script execution, Bind Java Objects, Invoke Java methods, External JS files, Performance ✔️ ✔️
Collections Enhancements forEach(), removeIf(), replaceAll(), computeIfAbsent(), computeIfPresent(), merge() ✔️ ✔️ ✔️
Map API Improvements getOrDefault(), putIfAbsent(), replaceAll(), compute(), replace(), new traversal APIs ✔️ ✔️ ✔️
StringJoiner & Collectors joining(), delimiters, prefix & suffix, Collectors.toList(), toSet(), toMap() ✔️ ✔️ ✔️
Base64 Encoding/Decoding Basic, URL, MIME encoding & decoding ✔️ ✔️
Arrays Enhancements parallelSort(), setAll(), parallelPrefix(), Arrays.stream() ✔️ ✔️ ✔️
Annotations (Java 8) @FunctionalInterface, @Repeatable, Type Annotations, @Target, @Retention ✔️ ✔️ ✔️
Method References Reference to static methods, instance methods, constructors ✔️ ✔️ ✔️
Parallel Programming Parallel streams, ForkJoinPool, Performance considerations ✔️ ✔️ ✔️
Spliterator API tryAdvance(), forEachRemaining(), characteristics(), estimateSize(), parallel iteration ✔️ ✔️
Security & Java 8 SecureRandom with streams, Optional null-safety, Immutable Date-Time API ✔️ ✔️ ✔️ ✔️
Miscellaneous Utilities Objects.requireNonNullElse(), Files.lines(), Instant.now(), Comparator.comparing() ✔️ ✔️ ✔️ ✔️
Performance Tuning Streams vs loops, Parallel stream overhead, Memory considerations ✔️ ✔️
Testing with Java 8 Testing Lambdas, Streams, and CompletableFuture, Mocking functional interfaces ✔️ ✔️ ✔️

Interview question


1. Lambda Expressions (25 Questions)

  1. What is a lambda expression in Java 8?
  2. Why were lambda expressions introduced in Java?
  3. Explain the syntax of a lambda expression with an example.
  4. How does a lambda expression differ from an anonymous class?
  5. Can lambda expressions access local variables from the enclosing scope?
  6. What is variable capture in lambdas?
  7. What are the restrictions on accessing variables inside lambdas?
  8. How does this behave inside a lambda expression?
  9. Can lambdas be recursive? How?
  10. How do you use lambdas with functional interfaces?
  11. What is the target type of a lambda expression?
  12. Can you overload methods with lambda parameters?
  13. How does type inference work in lambda expressions?
  14. Can lambdas throw checked exceptions?
  15. Can lambdas have multiple return statements?
  16. Difference between -> and :: operators in Java 8.
  17. What are the advantages of using lambdas?
  18. How are lambdas internally implemented in Java?
  19. Can lambdas be serialized?
  20. How do you debug lambda expressions?
  21. Can you assign a lambda to a variable?
  22. How do lambdas improve iteration over collections?
  23. Give an example of using a lambda with Runnable.
  24. How does the compiler determine the type of a lambda?
  25. What are some real-world use cases of lambdas?

2. Functional Interfaces (25 Questions)

  1. What is a functional interface in Java 8?
  2. Explain the @FunctionalInterface annotation.
  3. Give 5 examples of built-in functional interfaces.
  4. Difference between Predicate and Function.
  5. Difference between Consumer and Supplier.
  6. What is a UnaryOperator? Example?
  7. What is a BinaryOperator? Example?
  8. How do you chain functional interfaces like Predicate and Function?
  9. Can functional interfaces have default methods?
  10. Can functional interfaces have static methods?
  11. Can a functional interface extend another interface?
  12. What happens if you declare two abstract methods in a functional interface?
  13. How does type inference work with functional interfaces?
  14. Can a functional interface be generic?
  15. What are primitive specializations of functional interfaces?
  16. Can functional interfaces throw exceptions?
  17. How do you implement a custom functional interface?
  18. How do you use method references with functional interfaces?
  19. What is the difference between apply() in Function and test() in Predicate?
  20. Can functional interfaces be Serializable?
  21. What is the role of java.util.function package?
  22. When should you explicitly use @FunctionalInterface?
  23. Can functional interfaces override equals() and hashCode()?
  24. How do functional interfaces enable functional programming in Java?
  25. Real-world use case of functional interfaces?

3. Stream API Basics (25 Questions)

  1. What is the Stream API in Java 8?
  2. Difference between a Collection and a Stream?
  3. How do you create a stream from a list?
  4. What are intermediate operations in streams?
  5. What are terminal operations in streams?
  6. Explain lazy evaluation in streams.
  7. Difference between map() and flatMap().
  8. What does the filter() operation do?
  9. How do you sort a stream?
  10. What is the use of forEach() in streams?
  11. Difference between sequential and parallel streams.
  12. How do you collect stream results into a list?
  13. How do you collect stream results into a set?
  14. What is the reduce() operation in streams?
  15. Difference between findFirst() and findAny().
  16. How do you use limit() and skip() in streams?
  17. How does distinct() work in streams?
  18. Explain peek() and its use case.
  19. Can you reuse a stream after a terminal operation?
  20. How do you create an infinite stream?
  21. How does performance differ between loops and streams?
  22. Can streams work on primitive types?
  23. How do you debug a stream pipeline?
  24. How does short-circuiting work in streams?
  25. Real-world use case of streams?

4. Optional Class (25 Questions)

  1. What is Optional in Java 8?
  2. Why was Optional introduced?
  3. How do you create an Optional object?
  4. Difference between Optional.of() and Optional.ofNullable().
  5. What does Optional.empty() return?
  6. How do you check if a value is present in Optional?
  7. Difference between isPresent() and ifPresent().
  8. How do you provide a default value with Optional?
  9. Difference between orElse() and orElseGet().
  10. Difference between orElse() and orElseThrow().
  11. How do you transform values inside Optional using map()?
  12. Difference between map() and flatMap() in Optional.
  13. How do you filter values in Optional?
  14. Can Optional itself be null?
  15. Can Optional be used for method parameters?
  16. What are drawbacks of using Optional excessively?
  17. Can Optional be serialized?
  18. How do you return Optional from repository methods?
  19. Can you use Optional with Streams?
  20. How do you combine multiple Optionals?
  21. Is Optional thread-safe?
  22. Can Optional hold collections?
  23. What is the difference between Optional in Java and Maybe in other FP languages?
  24. Should Optional be used in DTOs?
  25. Real-world use cases of Optional?

5. Date and Time API (25 Questions)

  1. What is the new Date/Time API in Java 8?
  2. Why was it introduced when we already had Date and Calendar?
  3. What is LocalDate?
  4. What is LocalTime?
  5. What is LocalDateTime?
  6. What is ZonedDateTime?
  7. How do you parse and format dates in Java 8?
  8. Difference between DateTimeFormatter and SimpleDateFormat?
  9. What is Period in Java 8?
  10. What is Duration in Java 8?
  11. How do you calculate the difference between two dates?
  12. How do you add or subtract days from a date?
  13. How do you check if a year is a leap year?
  14. How do you handle time zones in Java 8?
  15. Difference between Instant and LocalDateTime.
  16. How do you convert between old Date and new DateTime API?
  17. What is Clock in Date/Time API?
  18. What is TemporalAdjuster?
  19. What is TemporalUnit?
  20. How do you get the start and end of a day?
  21. What is the difference between OffsetDateTime and ZonedDateTime?
  22. How do you compare two dates in Java 8?
  23. Can LocalDate represent time?
  24. Can LocalTime represent date?
  25. Real-world use cases of Date/Time API?

6. Default & Static Methods in Interfaces (25 Questions)

  1. What are default methods in Java 8?
  2. Why were default methods introduced?
  3. Can interfaces have method implementations in Java 8?
  4. How do you define a default method?
  5. Can a class override a default method?
  6. What happens if two interfaces have the same default method?
  7. How do you resolve conflicts in multiple inheritance with default methods?
  8. Can interfaces have static methods?
  9. How do you call a static method in an interface?
  10. Can default methods be abstract?
  11. Can interfaces have private methods in Java 8?
  12. How do default methods impact backward compatibility?
  13. Can constructors be default methods?
  14. How do you use default methods with collections?
  15. Can default methods call abstract methods?
  16. Can default methods be overridden by subclasses?
  17. What is the difference between default methods and abstract classes?
  18. Can default methods be synchronized?
  19. Can default methods throw exceptions?
  20. Can default methods call other default methods?
  21. Are static methods inherited in interfaces?
  22. Can you override static methods from interfaces?
  23. Can static methods in interfaces be private?
  24. Real-world use case of default methods?
  25. Real-world use case of static methods in interfaces?

7. CompletableFuture & Concurrency (25 Questions)

  1. What is CompletableFuture in Java 8?
  2. How is CompletableFuture different from Future?
  3. How do you create a CompletableFuture?
  4. How do you run asynchronous tasks with CompletableFuture?
  5. Difference between runAsync() and supplyAsync().
  6. What is thenApply() in CompletableFuture?
  7. What is thenAccept()?
  8. What is thenRun()?
  9. Difference between thenCompose() and thenCombine().
  10. How do you handle exceptions in CompletableFuture?
  11. What is exceptionally() method?
  12. What is handle() method?
  13. How do you combine multiple CompletableFutures?
  14. Difference between allOf() and anyOf().
  15. How do you cancel a CompletableFuture?
  16. How do you block and get the result?
  17. What is join() in CompletableFuture?
  18. Difference between join() and get().
  19. How do you implement timeouts in CompletableFuture?
  20. Is CompletableFuture thread-safe?
  21. How do you use custom thread pools with CompletableFuture?
  22. Difference between synchronous and asynchronous callbacks?
  23. How does CompletableFuture improve parallelism?
  24. How do you test CompletableFutures?
  25. Real-world use cases of CompletableFuture?

8. Collections & Map Enhancements (25 Questions)

  1. What enhancements were made to collections in Java 8?
  2. What is the forEach() method in collections?
  3. How do you use removeIf()?
  4. What is the replaceAll() method?
  5. What is the sort() method in List?
  6. How do you use computeIfAbsent() in Map?
  7. How do you use computeIfPresent()?
  8. How do you use compute()?
  9. What is merge() in Map?
  10. How do you use getOrDefault() in Map?
  11. What is putIfAbsent()?
  12. What is replace() in Map?
  13. How do you use forEach() in Map?
  14. Difference between entrySet() iteration and forEach().
  15. How do you sort a Map by values?
  16. Can you use streams with collections directly?
  17. What is Spliterator?
  18. How is Spliterator different from Iterator?
  19. What is trySplit() in Spliterator?
  20. How do you estimate size in Spliterator?
  21. What is the ORDERED characteristic in Spliterator?
  22. What is the CONCURRENT characteristic?
  23. What is the DISTINCT characteristic?
  24. What is the IMMUTABLE characteristic?
  25. Real-world use case of collection enhancements?

9. Streams Advanced (25 Questions)

  1. What are parallel streams?
  2. How do you create a parallel stream?
  3. Difference between sequential and parallel stream performance?
  4. What are the pitfalls of parallel streams?
  5. How does fork-join framework work with parallel streams?
  6. What is Collectors.groupingBy()?
  7. What is Collectors.partitioningBy()?
  8. Difference between groupingBy() and partitioningBy().
  9. What is Collectors.mapping()?
  10. How do you join strings using Collectors.joining()?
  11. How do you count elements using Collectors.counting()?
  12. What is Collectors.summarizingInt()?
  13. What is Collectors.averagingDouble()?
  14. What is Collectors.reducing()?
  15. What is a custom collector?
  16. How do you implement your own collector?
  17. What is a downstream collector?
  18. Difference between reduce() and collect().
  19. Can streams be infinite?
  20. How do you use Stream.iterate()?
  21. How do you use Stream.generate()?
  22. What is flatMapToInt()?
  23. What is boxed() in streams?
  24. What is parallelism level in parallel streams?
  25. Best practices for using advanced streams?

10. Miscellaneous Java 8 Features (25 Questions)

  1. What is Nashorn in Java 8?
  2. How do you execute JavaScript with Nashorn?
  3. What is StringJoiner in Java 8?
  4. How do you join strings with a delimiter using StringJoiner?
  5. What enhancements were made to String in Java 8?
  6. What is the new Base64 API in Java 8?
  7. Difference between Encoder and Decoder in Base64.
  8. How do you encode and decode a string with Base64?
  9. What enhancements were made to Arrays in Java 8?
  10. How do you sort an array with a custom comparator in Java 8?
  11. What is Arrays.parallelSort()?
  12. What is SplittableRandom?
  13. How is SplittableRandom different from Random?
  14. What enhancements were made to Comparator in Java 8?
  15. How do you use comparing() method in Comparator?
  16. How do you use thenComparing()?
  17. What are annotation enhancements in Java 8?
  18. What is repeating annotations?
  19. What is type annotation in Java 8?
  20. How do you declare type-use annotations?
  21. Can annotations be applied to generics in Java 8?
  22. Can annotations be inherited in Java 8?
  23. What is method parameter reflection in Java 8?
  24. What are compact profiles?
  25. Summary of miscellaneous features introduced in Java 8?

Related Topics


   Lambda Expressions   
   Functional Interfaces   
   Stream API   
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Labels: , ,

10 November 2020

#Azure

#Azure

Key Concepts


Topic Sub-Topics Basic Intermediate Advanced Expert
Compute Virtual Machines, VM Scale Sets, App Services, Azure Functions, Logic Apps ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Storage Blob Storage, Table Storage, Queue Storage, File Storage, Data Lake Gen2 ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Networking VNet, Subnets, NSG, Load Balancer, Application Gateway, Front Door, ExpressRoute, VPN Gateway, Traffic Manager ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Databases Azure SQL, Cosmos DB, Synapse, PostgreSQL/MySQL, Managed Instance ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Identity & Security Azure AD, RBAC, MFA, Conditional Access, PIM, Key Vault, Azure Policy ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Monitoring & Management Azure Monitor, Log Analytics, Application Insights, Azure Advisor, Cost Management, Blueprints ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Containers & Kubernetes AKS, ACR, Container Instances, Helm, Service Mesh ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Integration Services Event Grid, Event Hub, Service Bus, API Management ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
DevOps & Automation Azure DevOps, Pipelines, Repos, Artifacts, Boards, ARM Templates, Bicep, Automation ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
AI & ML Cognitive Services, Azure ML, Databricks, Cognitive Search ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Data & Analytics Data Factory, Synapse, Databricks, HDInsight, Power BI Integration ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Hybrid & Multi-Cloud Azure Arc, Azure Stack, Lighthouse ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Migration & DR Azure Migrate, Site Recovery, Database Migration Service ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
IoT & Edge IoT Hub, IoT Edge, Digital Twins, Stream Analytics, Private MEC ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Security & Compliance Security Center, Defender for Cloud, Sentinel, Confidential Computing ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Enterprise Governance Blueprints, Policy, Cost Management, FinOps ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Big Data & HPC HDInsight, Databricks, HPC Clusters ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Media & Content Delivery Media Services, CDN ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Blockchain Azure Blockchain Service, Confidential Ledger ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅
Specialized Workloads SAP on Azure, HPC, AI Supercomputing ✅ ✅ ✅ ✅

Interview question

Basic Level

  1. What is Microsoft Azure?
  2. What are the main advantages of using Azure?
  3. Explain the difference between IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS.
  4. What are Azure Regions and Availability Zones?
  5. What is Azure Resource Manager (ARM)?
  6. What is an Azure Subscription?
  7. What is the difference between Azure Tenant and Subscription?
  8. What is Azure Virtual Machine (VM)?
  9. What is the difference between VM Scale Sets and Availability Sets?
  10. What are Azure App Services?
  11. What is Azure Functions?
  12. What is Azure Logic Apps?
  13. What is Azure Blob Storage?
  14. What are the storage tiers in Azure?
  15. Difference between Blob, File, Queue, and Table storage.
  16. What is an Azure Virtual Network (VNet)?
  17. What are Network Security Groups (NSGs)?
  18. What is Azure Load Balancer?
  19. What is Application Gateway?
  20. What is ExpressRoute?
  21. What is Azure SQL Database?
  22. What is the difference between SQL Database and Managed Instance?
  23. What is Cosmos DB?
  24. What is Azure Synapse Analytics?
  25. What is Azure Active Directory (AAD)?
  26. What is the difference between Azure AD and AD DS?
  27. What is Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)?
  28. What is Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) in Azure?
  29. What is Azure Key Vault?
  30. What is Azure Monitor?
  31. What is Log Analytics in Azure?
  32. What is Application Insights?
  33. What is Azure Advisor?
  34. What is Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS)?
  35. What is Azure Container Registry (ACR)?
  36. What are Azure Container Instances?
  37. What is Azure Event Grid?
  38. What is Azure Service Bus?
  39. What is Azure DevOps?
  40. What are Pipelines in Azure DevOps?
  41. What are Repos and Artifacts in Azure DevOps?
  42. What are Boards in Azure DevOps?
  43. What is Cognitive Services in Azure?
  44. What is Azure Machine Learning?
  45. What is Azure Databricks?
  46. What is Azure Data Factory?
  47. What is Azure Arc?
  48. What is Azure Stack HCI?
  49. What is Azure Site Recovery?
  50. What is Azure Migrate?

Intermediate Level

  1. How does Azure VM Scale Sets provide scalability?
  2. What are Availability Zones vs Availability Sets?
  3. How do you secure Azure Virtual Machines?
  4. How do you configure Azure Bastion?
  5. What is Azure Application Gateway with WAF?
  6. How does Azure Front Door work?
  7. What is the difference between Azure Load Balancer and Front Door?
  8. What is a VNet Peering?
  9. Difference between VPN Gateway and ExpressRoute.
  10. What is Private Link in Azure?
  11. What is a Service Endpoint in Azure Networking?
  12. How does Cosmos DB handle partitioning?
  13. What are consistency levels in Cosmos DB?
  14. How does Cosmos DB provide multi-region replication?
  15. What is Synapse Analytics used for?
  16. What is PolyBase in Synapse?
  17. What is Azure Data Lake Storage Gen2?
  18. What are Managed Identities in Azure?
  19. What is Conditional Access in Azure AD?
  20. What is Privileged Identity Management (PIM)?
  21. How does Azure Key Vault integrate with applications?
  22. What are Diagnostic Settings in Azure Monitor?
  23. How does Log Analytics query language (KQL) work?
  24. How does Application Insights help in distributed tracing?
  25. What is Azure Policy?
  26. What is the difference between Azure Monitor and Azure Security Center?
  27. What is Azure Defender for Cloud?
  28. What is AKS node pool?
  29. How do you scale AKS clusters?
  30. How do Helm charts work in AKS?
  31. What is Azure Functions Consumption Plan?
  32. What are Durable Functions in Azure?
  33. How does Event Grid integrate with Logic Apps?
  34. What is the difference between Event Hub and Service Bus?
  35. How does Azure DevOps integrate with GitHub Actions?
  36. What are YAML pipelines in Azure DevOps?
  37. What are Deployment Groups?
  38. What are Artifacts in Azure DevOps used for?
  39. What is Azure Cognitive Search?
  40. What are Prebuilt Models in Cognitive Services?
  41. How does Azure Machine Learning handle model deployment?
  42. What is Databricks Delta Lake?
  43. How does Azure Data Factory perform ETL?
  44. What is Azure Lighthouse?
  45. How does Azure Arc help with hybrid management?
  46. How does Site Recovery work for DR scenarios?
  47. What is Database Migration Service (DMS)?
  48. What is Azure Blueprints?
  49. How does Cost Management + Billing work?
  50. What is Azure Pricing Calculator?

Advanced Level

  1. How to design a hub-and-spoke network topology in Azure?
  2. How does Azure Firewall work?
  3. Difference between Firewall and NSG.
  4. How do you design a global VNet architecture?
  5. How to implement ExpressRoute Global Reach?
  6. How does Azure Traffic Manager work?
  7. How do you configure load balancing across regions?
  8. How does Cosmos DB scale elastically?
  9. How to tune indexing policies in Cosmos DB?
  10. How to design for strong consistency vs eventual consistency?
  11. How to optimize Synapse pipelines for big data?
  12. How to integrate Synapse with Power BI?
  13. How does Data Lake Gen2 handle hierarchical namespace?
  14. How to secure storage accounts with Private Endpoints?
  15. How to rotate keys in Key Vault automatically?
  16. How to implement Conditional Access policies for external users?
  17. How does Azure Sentinel integrate with Security Center?
  18. How to configure Just-In-Time (JIT) access to VMs?
  19. How to enforce least privilege in RBAC at scale?
  20. How to configure Azure Policy for compliance enforcement?
  21. How to deploy multi-region AKS clusters?
  22. How to secure AKS clusters using Azure AD integration?
  23. How to configure network policies in AKS?
  24. How does Azure Functions integrate with VNETs?
  25. How to optimize cold start in Functions?
  26. What is an Event-driven serverless architecture with Event Grid?
  27. How does Durable Functions support fan-out/fan-in?
  28. How to design enterprise DevOps pipelines in Azure?
  29. How to implement approvals in multi-stage pipelines?
  30. How to use service connections securely in Azure DevOps?
  31. How does Azure ML pipeline work?
  32. How to monitor ML models in production with Azure Monitor?
  33. How to scale Databricks clusters dynamically?
  34. How to optimize Data Factory performance for large ETL jobs?
  35. How to configure monitoring with Application Insights at scale?
  36. How to use Azure Blueprints for governance?
  37. How to implement hybrid Kubernetes clusters with Azure Arc?
  38. How does Lighthouse manage multiple tenants?
  39. How to configure advanced disaster recovery with Site Recovery?
  40. How to migrate enterprise SAP workloads to Azure?
  41. How to integrate Azure AD with on-prem Active Directory?
  42. How to implement passwordless authentication in Azure?
  43. How to use Azure Privileged Identity Management at scale?
  44. How to handle data residency and compliance in Azure?
  45. How to secure multi-cloud with Azure Security Center?
  46. How to enforce compliance using Azure Defender?
  47. How to design FinOps practices in Azure?
  48. How to implement tagging governance?
  49. How to use Managed Grafana in Azure Monitor?
  50. How to implement custom log ingestion into Log Analytics?

Expert Level

  1. How to design enterprise-scale landing zones in Azure?
  2. How to enforce governance using Azure Policy at enterprise scale?
  3. How to design Zero Trust architecture in Azure?
  4. How to implement enterprise-wide RBAC strategy?
  5. How to secure multi-tenant SaaS applications in Azure?
  6. How to manage hybrid cloud with Azure Arc across multiple clouds?
  7. How to configure cross-region traffic routing with Traffic Manager + Front Door?
  8. How to implement Azure ExpressRoute with MPLS?
  9. How to integrate Azure Stack with on-prem data centers?
  10. How to manage sovereignty and compliance with Azure Government cloud?
  11. How to secure highly regulated workloads (HIPAA, GDPR) in Azure?
  12. How to design Cosmos DB for financial-grade workloads?
  13. How to implement multi-master replication in Cosmos DB?
  14. How to optimize Synapse Analytics for enterprise data warehouses?
  15. How to implement Data Mesh with Azure Data Lake + Synapse?
  16. How to implement cross-region failover with Azure SQL Hyperscale?
  17. How to optimize ML lifecycle with MLOps in Azure?
  18. How to integrate Databricks with Synapse for real-time analytics?
  19. How to implement advanced data governance in Azure Purview?
  20. How to build enterprise-scale IoT solutions with Azure IoT Hub?
  21. How to integrate IoT Hub with Event Grid and Stream Analytics?
  22. How to secure IoT devices with Azure Defender for IoT?
  23. How to build digital twins using Azure Digital Twins?
  24. How to implement edge computing with Azure IoT Edge?
  25. How to build 5G-enabled solutions with Azure Private MEC?
  26. How to integrate Azure with AWS and GCP in a multi-cloud strategy?
  27. How to manage cost governance across multi-cloud with Azure Cost Management?
  28. How to use Lighthouse for managed service providers (MSPs)?
  29. How to enforce enterprise-wide tagging compliance?
  30. How to implement chaos engineering in Azure?
  31. How to implement automated incident response with Logic Apps?
  32. How to build self-healing systems with Azure Monitor + Automation?
  33. How to design HA/DR for SAP on Azure?
  34. How to secure Kubernetes workloads across multi-region AKS?
  35. How to implement service mesh (Istio/Linkerd) in AKS?
  36. How to secure CI/CD pipelines with Azure DevOps + Key Vault?
  37. How to implement GitOps in AKS using Flux/ArgoCD?
  38. How to implement enterprise blockchain solutions with Azure Blockchain Service?
  39. How to design HPC clusters in Azure for research workloads?
  40. How to optimize large-scale video streaming with Azure Media Services?
  41. How to design AI at scale using Azure Cognitive Services?
  42. How to build enterprise knowledge mining solutions with Cognitive Search?
  43. How to integrate Azure Synapse with Power Platform at scale?
  44. How to secure enterprise ML pipelines with Responsible AI?
  45. How to use Azure Arc-enabled Kubernetes for hybrid governance?
  46. How to implement DevSecOps pipelines in Azure?
  47. How to enforce compliance with Azure Policy + Defender across 1000+ subscriptions?
  48. How to implement disaster recovery for multi-cloud apps?
  49. How to run confidential computing workloads with Azure Confidential VMs?
  50. How to architect for 99.999% availability on Azure?

Related Topics


   Azure_DevOps   
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