| Core Concepts | Cloud basics, AWS global infrastructure, Regions & AZs, Shared responsibility model | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | 
| Compute | EC2 basics, AMIs, Autoscaling, Elastic Load Balancer, EC2 Spot/Reserved Instances | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 
| Storage | S3 basics, Versioning, Lifecycle rules, Glacier, EBS, EFS, FSx | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 
| Networking | VPC, Subnets, Route tables, Internet Gateway, NAT, Security Groups, NACLs | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 
| Databases | RDS basics, DynamoDB, Aurora, Redshift, ElastiCache | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 
| Security & IAM | IAM users/roles/policies, KMS, Secrets Manager, Cognito, GuardDuty | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 
| Serverless | Lambda basics, EventBridge, API Gateway, Step Functions, SAM, AppSync | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 
| Containers | ECS, Fargate, EKS, ECR, Service Mesh (App Mesh) | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 
| Monitoring & Logging | CloudWatch, CloudTrail, X-Ray, AWS Config | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 
| Cost Management | Cost Explorer, Budgets, Trusted Advisor, Savings Plans, RI management | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 
| DevOps & CI/CD | CodeCommit, CodeBuild, CodeDeploy, CodePipeline, CloudFormation, CDK | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 
| Analytics | Athena, EMR, Glue, Kinesis, QuickSight, Data Pipeline | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 
| AI/ML Services | SageMaker, Comprehend, Rekognition, Lex, Polly, Transcribe | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 
| Migration & Hybrid | Snowball, Snowmobile, DMS, Storage Gateway, Outposts | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 
| Edge & Global Services | CloudFront, Route 53, Global Accelerator, Wavelength | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 
| Advanced Security | WAF, Shield, Inspector, Macie, Control Tower, Organizations | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 
| Enterprise Architecture | Well-Architected Framework, Multi-account strategy, Landing Zones | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 
| Advanced Compute | HPC on AWS, Graviton instances, Inferentia, Elastic Fabric Adapter | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 
| Big Data & Lakehouse | Lake Formation, Glue Data Catalog, Redshift Spectrum, OpenSearch | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 
| Expert Topics | Multi-region design, Disaster recovery, Chaos engineering, Governance at scale | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ |