29 December 2024

#String_Class

#String_Class
What is a String in Java?
What is the difference between String, StringBuilder, and StringBuffer?
What happens when you concatenate two strings using the + operator?
What is the purpose of the intern() method in Java?
What are some ways to check if a string is a palindrome?
What is the difference in performance between + and StringBuilder for string concatenation?
What are the memory implications of creating strings with the new keyword?
What is the output of String.format() for various data types?
What is the difference between trim() and strip()?
What does the repeat(int n) method do?
What are text blocks, and when would you use them?
What precautions would you take when logging strings that contain user input?
What is the difference between StringBuilder.reverse() and manually reversing a string?
What is the difference between replace() and replaceFirst() in a String?
What are the differences in memory usage between StringBuilder, StringBuffer, and String?
What could cause a NullPointerException in a string operation?
What is the use of String.chars() and how does it differ from a for loop?
What are the benefits of using String.repeat() for generating patterns or test data?
What are the differences between empty strings ("") and null strings?
What is the significance of using CharSequence instead of String in APIs?
What is the role of the final keyword in the String class?
What are some efficient ways to check if a string contains balanced parentheses?
What are the potential pitfalls of using StringTokenizer?
What is the difference between String.getBytes() and Charset.encode()?
What are the potential edge cases when splitting a string?
What is the purpose of String.lines() introduced in Java 11?
What are the benefits of using strip() over trim()?
What is the significance of the Comparable interface in String?
Write a program to check if two strings are anagrams.
Write a program to find the longest substring without repeating characters.
Write a program to find the longest common prefix among a list of strings.
Write a program to remove all adjacent duplicate characters in a string.
Write a method to remove duplicate words from a string.
Write a program to check if one string is a rotation of another.
Write a method to extract domain names from a list of email addresses.
Write a method to find the longest palindromic substring in a string.
Write a program to remove all occurrences of a specific substring from a string.
Explain the difference between String.replace() and String.replaceAll().
Explain the difference between startsWith() and endsWith() methods.
Explain the internal implementation of the String class in Java.
Explain the purpose of strip(), stripLeading(), and stripTrailing() introduced in Java 11.
Explain the difference between creating a string with a literal and using the new keyword.
Explain why using a StringBuilder in a loop is better than String concatenation.
Explain why string operations are considered slower compared to character arrays in some scenarios.
Why are strings immutable in Java?
Why is StringBuffer thread-safe, and when would you use it over StringBuilder?
Why is it discouraged to use String for sensitive data?
Why is char[] preferred over String for sensitive data like passwords?
Why does String.intern() help reduce memory usage in large applications?
Why does "hello" == new String("hello") return false?
Why can we not override the behavior of a String in Java?
Why does System.out.println("a" + "b" == "ab") print true but not for variables?
Why should strings not be used as locks in multithreaded applications?
Why does the string "a" + 1 work but "a" - 1 does not?
Why does new String("abc") == "abc" return false?
Why is it recommended to use CharSequence over String in generic APIs?
How are strings stored in memory? What is the String pool?
How do you compare two strings in Java?
How does the equals() method differ from == when comparing strings?
How does the substring() method work internally?
How can you convert a String to a char[] and vice versa?
How can you reverse a string in Java?
How would you count the occurrences of a specific character in a string?
How do you find all permutations of a given string?
How does the JVM optimize string literals in the String pool?
How does Java handle large strings, and what is the maximum size of a String?
How can you split a string into an array based on a delimiter?
How can you validate an email address using a string and regular expressions?
How would you remove all whitespaces from a string?
How can you replace multiple spaces in a string with a single space?
How can you find the first non-repeating character in a string?
How would you find all the duplicate characters in a string?
How do you reverse the words in a sentence while maintaining their order?
How does the isBlank() method differ from isEmpty()?
How would you use chars() or codePoints() in a stream operation?
How would you securely store a password in a string?
How can you optimize a program that performs heavy string manipulations?
How does the JVM handle the immutability of strings in terms of thread safety?
How would you handle case-insensitive string comparisons efficiently?
How does the hashCode() method work in the String class?
How does the split() method handle edge cases, such as trailing delimiters?
How does the JVM optimize memory when strings are concatenated at runtime?
How does the compiler optimize constant string expressions?
How do you prevent the creation of unnecessary strings in high-performance applications?
How would you find the most frequent character in a string?
How would you find the smallest substring in a string containing all the characters of another string?
How would you tokenize a string efficiently for processing?
How can you find and replace sensitive data (e.g., credit card numbers) in a string using regular expressions?
How would you handle multi-line strings in Java?
How can you escape special characters in a string for use in SQL queries?
How would you compress and decompress a string for network transmission?
How would you debug unexpected behavior when comparing strings?
How does the split() method handle regex metacharacters?
How would you detect if a string contains invalid UTF-8 characters?
How can you leverage streams for string manipulation tasks?
How can you use text blocks introduced in Java 13 for JSON or XML processing?
How would you validate a string to check if it?s a valid URL?
How can you test if a string contains only digits?
How would you check if a string is a valid palindrome using recursion?
How would you design test cases for a utility function that manipulates strings?
How can you efficiently test large strings for equality without using equals()?
How does the intern() method behave in scenarios with extremely large strings?
How would you generate all substrings of a given string?
How does the compiler handle string concatenation at compile time?
How would you extract all numeric values from a string?
How would you capitalize the first letter of each word in a string?
How can you split a string by multiple delimiters using regex?
How would you check if a string matches a pattern without using regular expressions?
How can you determine if one string is a subsequence of another?
How would you implement a case-insensitive search within a string?
How would you generate a unique string ID in Java?
How can you mask parts of a string for sensitive data, such as credit card numbers?
How do you identify and correct encoding issues in a string?
How can you sort an array of strings based on their lengths?
How would you optimize a program that frequently processes very large strings?
How can substring operations impact memory if not handled correctly?
How do you convert a String into a sequence of UTF-8 bytes?
How do surrogate pairs in Unicode affect string operations in Java?
How would you handle internationalized strings in a global application?
How would you detect and remove non-ASCII characters from a string?
How would you identify the smallest window in a string that contains all characters of another string?
How can you efficiently determine if two strings are k-anagrams of each other?
How would you debug a NullPointerException caused by a string operation?
How can you process multiline strings using text blocks (Java 13+)?
How would you use String.repeat() to generate test data?
How do String.chars() and String.codePoints() differ in behavior?
How do strings behave when serialized and deserialized?
How does Java's String class handle thread safety internally?
Are all String?s immutable?
Where are String values stored in memory?
Why should you be careful about String concatenation(+) operator in loops?
How do you solve above problem?
What are differences between String and StringBuffer?
What are differences between StringBuilder and StringBuffer?
Can you give examples of different utility methods in String class?
  • String
  • String Pool
  • String Methods
  • String Formatting
  • String Builder
  • String Buffer
  • String Operation
  • String Immutability
  • Regular Expression
  • String Conversion
  • String and Collections
  • String Creation (Literals vs. new Keyword)
  • Common String Methods
  • String Concatenation
  • String Comparison (==, equals(), compareTo())
  • String Search (indexOf(), lastIndexOf(), contains())
  • String Splitting and Joining (split(), String.join())
  • String Case Operations (toUpperCase(), toLowerCase())
  • String Trimming (trim(), strip(), stripLeading(), stripTrailing())
  • Substring Operations (substring())
  • String Replacement (replace(), replaceAll(), replaceFirst())
  • String Reverse (Using StringBuilder or StringBuffer)
  • Encoding and Decoding Strings
  • String Interning (intern() Method)
  • Regular Expressions with Strings (Pattern and Matcher)
  • Handling Null and Empty Strings (isEmpty(), isBlank())
  • Character Extraction (charAt(), chars(), codePoints())
  • String Security and Immutability
  • String Manipulation in Streams
  • String Escape Sequences
  • Formatting Strings (String.format())
  • Multiline Strings
  • String Tokenization
  • String Deduplication in Java 8+
   String_Pool   

#Memory_Allocation

#Memory_Allocation

#Fundamental

#Fundamental
Fundamental
  • History, Platform Independent
  • Data Types - Primitive Types, Non-Primitive Types
  • Comments - Single, Multiline, Document
  • Variables
  • Architecture
  • Operator and Expressions
  • String Class
  • Conditional Statements
  • Loops
  • Arrays
  • Methods
  • JVM
  • Garbage_Collection
   CoreJava_Arrays       DataTypes_and_Variables       Garbage_Collection       Annotations       Type casting   
   Architecture       Operator_and_Expressions       String_Class       Conditional_Statements       Packages_and_Imports   
   Loops       Arrays       Methods       JVM   

28 December 2024

#PySpark

#PySpark
What are the industrial benefits of PySpark?
What is PySpark?
What is PySpark UDF?
What are the types of PySpark?s shared variables and why are they useful?
What is SparkSession in Pyspark?
What do you understand about PySpark DataFrames?
What are the advantages of PySpark RDD?
What are the different cluster manager types supported by PySpark?
What are RDDs in PySpark?
What are PySpark serializers?
What is PySpark SparkContext?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of PySpark?
What are the characteristics of PySpark?
What would happen if we lose RDD partitions due to the failure of the worker node?
What do you understand by Pyspark Streaming? How do you stream data using TCP/IP Protocol?
What is PySpark SQL?
What do you understand by Pyspark?s startsWith() and endsWith() methods?
What are the different approaches for creating RDD in PySpark?
What are the profilers in PySpark?
What is the common workflow of a spark program?
What PySpark DAGScheduler?
What is PySpark Architecture?
What is PySpark? / What do you know about PySpark?
What are the main characteristics of PySpark?
What is RDD in PySpark?
What are the key advantages and disadvantages of PySpark?
What are the prerequisites to learn PySpark?
What are the key differences between an RDD, a DataFrame, and a DataSet?
What do you understand by PySpark SparkContext?
What is the usage of PySpark StorageLevel?
What do you understand by data cleaning?
What is PySpark SparkConf?
What are the different types of algorithms supported in PySpark?
What is SparkCore, and what are the key functions of SparkCore?
What do you know about PySpark SparkFiles?
What do you know about PySpark serializers?
What is PySpark ArrayType? Give an example to explain it well.
What are the most frequently used Spark ecosystems?
What machine learning API does PySpark provide?
What is PySpark Partition? How many partitions can you make in PySpark?
What do you understand by PySpark DataFrames?
What do you understand by "joins" in PySpark DataFrame? What are the different types of joins available in PySpark?
What is Parquet file in PySpark?
What do you understand by a cluster manager? What are the different cluster manager types supported by PySpark?
What is the difference between get(filename) and getrootdirectory()?
What do you understand by SparkSession in Pyspark?
What are the key advantages of PySpark RDD?
What do you understand by custom profilers in PySpark?
What do you understand by Spark driver?
What is PySpark SparkJobinfo?
What are the main functions of Spark core?
What do you understand by PySpark SparkStageinfo?
What is the use of Spark execution engine?
What is the use of Akka in PySpark?
What do you understand by startsWith() and endsWith() methods in PySpark?
What do you understand by RDD Lineage?
What are the main attributes used in SparkConf?
What are the main file systems supported by Spark?
What is DStream in PySpark?
What is PySpark, and how does it differ from Apache Spark?
What are RDDs in Spark? How do they differ from DataFrames?
What is a DataFrame in PySpark, and how is it different from a SQL table?
What methods can be used to perform data filtering in PySpark DataFrames?
What is the use of the withColumn function?
What is a UDF (User Defined Function) in PySpark, and how do you use it?
What are some common performance tuning techniques in PySpark?
What is Spark?s Catalyst optimizer?
What is the role of the broadcast variable in PySpark?
What is the difference between map and flatMap in PySpark?
What are some common algorithms available in PySpark MLlib?
What are the common ways to monitor and manage Spark jobs?
What are some common issues faced while running PySpark jobs on a cluster?
What tools or techniques do you use to log and trace PySpark job execution?
What is the role of serialization in Spark, and what formats are supported?
What is the significance of the saveAsTable method in PySpark?
What are the key differences between Spark SQL and Hive SQL?
What are the best practices for managing large-scale data processing using PySpark?
Explain the common workflow of a spark program.
Explain the architecture of Spark.
Explain the use of groupBy and agg functions in PySpark.
Explain the difference between union and unionByName in PySpark.
Explain the concept of partitioning and its impact on performance.
Explain how Spark Streaming works with PySpark.
Explain the concept of Pipelines in PySpark MLlib.
Explain how PySpark can be integrated with Azure Databricks.
Explain the use of DataFrame schema and its importance.
Explain the concept of lineage in PySpark.
Why do we use PySpark SparkFiles?
Why is PySpark SparkConf used?
Why are Partitions immutable in PySpark?
Why is PySpark faster than pandas?
How can you inner join two DataFrames?
How can we create DataFrames in PySpark?
How to create SparkSession?
How will you create PySpark UDF?
How can you implement machine learning in Spark?
How can you associate Spark with Apache Mesos?
How can we trigger automatic cleanups in Spark to handle accumulated metadata?
How can you limit information moves when working with Spark?
How is Spark SQL different from HQL and SQL?
How do you create a SparkSession in PySpark?
How do you read data from a CSV file using PySpark?
How do you perform joins in PySpark DataFrames?
How do you handle missing data in PySpark DataFrames?
How can you perform sorting and ordering on a DataFrame?
How does Spark handle performance optimization?
How does Spark?s Tungsten execution engine improve performance?
How do you use the cache and persist methods? What are the differences?
How do you handle skewed data in PySpark?
How do you use PySpark?s MLlib for machine learning tasks?
How can you perform feature engineering using PySpark?
How do you evaluate model performance in PySpark?
How do you integrate PySpark with Hadoop?
How do you use PySpark with AWS services like S3 or EMR?
How do you debug a PySpark application?
How do you handle exceptions in PySpark?
How do you work with different data formats like JSON, Parquet, or Avro in PySpark?
How do you handle schema evolution in PySpark?
How does PySpark handle data skew?
How can you perform incremental processing with PySpark?
What is PySpark Architecture?
What are the different ways to handle row duplication in a PySpark DataFrame?
what do you mean by ?joins? in PySpark DataFrame? What are the different types of joins?
What is PySpark ArrayType?
What is PySpark Partition?
What is meant by PySpark MapType? How can you create a MapType using StructType?
What is the function of PySpark's pivot() method?
What are Sparse Vectors? What distinguishes them from dense vectors?
What API does PySpark utilize to implement graphs?
What is meant by Piping in PySpark?
What are the various levels of persistence that exist in PySpark?
What are the types of PySpark?s shared variables and why are they useful?
What PySpark DAGScheduler?
Explain the use of StructType and StructField classes in PySpark with examples?
Explain PySpark UDF with the help of an example?
Why do we use PySpark SparkFiles?
How can you create a DataFrame a) using existing RDD, and b) from a CSV file?
How can PySpark DataFrame be converted to Pandas DataFrame?
How can data transfers be kept to a minimum while using PySpark?
When to use Client and Cluster modes used for deployment?
In PySpark, how do you generate broadcast variables?
  • DataFrames
  • Loading CSV Files into DataFrames
  • Defining Schema
  • Column Selection
  • Column Manipulation ? Add, Rename & Drop Columns
  • DF Operations: Distinct and Filter
  • Sorting & String Functions
  • String Functions & Concatenation
  • Split, Explode & Array Functions
  • Trimming & Padding Strings
  • Date Functions
  • Handling Null Values
  • Aggregation Functions
  • Joins
  • When & Otherwise Statements
  • cast() and printSchema()
  • Union vs UnionAll
  • Union vs. UnionByName
  • Window Functions
  • explode() vs explode_outer
  • Pivot & Unpivot

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