Showing posts with label Backend Framework. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Backend Framework. Show all posts

25 August 2025

#Spring_AI

#Spring_AI

Key Concepts


S.No Topic Sub-Topics
1Spring AIWhat is Spring AI, AI integration goals, Supported LLMs, Architecture, Use cases
2Spring AI SetupProject structure, Dependencies, Gradle/Maven config, OpenAI API key, Testing setup
3Spring AI Core ConceptsPrompt interface, ModelInterface, Response handling, Error strategy, Token limits
4Prompt EngineeringInstructions, System prompts, User prompts, Few-shot prompts, Prompt validation
5OpenAI Chat CompletionChatModel, CompletionModel, Temperature, MaxTokens, Streaming responses
6Multiple LLM ProvidersOpenAI, Azure OpenAI, HuggingFace, Google Gemini, Model switching
7Text Generation APILLM text API, Creative settings, Style tone, Prompt variables, Generating summaries
8Embedding APIEmbeddingModel, Vector embeddings, Dimensions, Similarity search, Applications
9Vector Stores IntroductionWhat is vector DB, Pinecone, Milvus, Redis Search, ChromaDB
10Spring AI with PostgreSQL Vectorpgvector extension, Table schema, Insert embeddings, Similarity queries, Ranking
11RAG Architecture BasicsRetrieval flow, Context building, Query embedding, Response synthesis, Use cases
12Spring AI RAG ImplementationRetriever interface, Embedding store, Prompt injection, Chunking, Recall optimization
13Document LoadingText loader, PDF loader, Web crawler, Markdown loader, HTML parsing
14Chunking StrategyToken limits, Recursive chunking, Semantic chunking, Metadata tagging, Overlap strategy
15Tools IntegrationFunction calling, Tools API, Schema definition, JSON mode, Automatic reasoning
16Image Generation ModelsDALL-E, Stable Diffusion, Prompt quality, Size configs, Safety filters
17Speech-to-TextWhisper API, Audio formats, Transcription settings, Accuracy boosting, Noise cleaning
18Text-to-SpeechVoice models, SSML usage, Voice styles, Streaming audio, Response types
19Knowledge Graph IntegrationNeo4j, Graph embeddings, Relation queries, Context retrieval, Semantic graph
20Multi-Model OrchestrationLLM chaining, Model selection logic, Cost optimization, Latency control, Retry logic
21AI AgentsAutonomous agents, Task planner, Tools execution, Memory store, State management
22Memory and HistoryConversation history, Memory storage, Retrieval scoring, Long context, Session state
23Security in AI ApplicationsAPI key security, Prompt injection risks, Data sanitization, Logging, Rate limiting
24Model Fine-TuningBase models, Fine-tuning dataset, Hyperparameters, Training loop, Evaluation
25LLM ObservabilityMetrics tracking, Prompt logging, Cost tracking, Tracing, Eval framework
26Enterprise RAGKnowledge base integration, Access control, Hybrid search, Document versions, QA pairs
27Spring AI in MicroservicesAPI Gateway, Circuit breaker, Async calls, Scaling models, Deployment strategy
28Docker & DeploymentDockerfile config, Environment variables, Secrets, K8s deployment, Horizontal scaling
29Hands-on ProjectRAG chatbot, PDF knowledge base, Vector DB, Streaming chat, UI integration
30Interview PreparationTop questions, Architecture diagram, Best practices, Performance tuning, Final revision

Interview question

Basic Level

  1. What is Spring AI, and how does it differ from traditional Spring Boot applications?
  2. What are the core components of Spring AI?
  3. Which AI models are supported by Spring AI out of the box?
  4. How do you add Spring AI dependencies to a Spring Boot project?
  5. What is the purpose of the ChatClient in Spring AI?
  6. How do you configure API keys for model providers in Spring AI?
  7. What is a PromptTemplate in Spring AI?
  8. How do you pass variables into a prompt template?
  9. What is the role of a model provider in Spring AI?
  10. Name some model providers compatible with Spring AI.
  11. How do you integrate OpenAI with Spring AI?
  12. What is the function of application.yml in Spring AI configuration?
  13. How do you define a basic chat request in Spring AI?
  14. What is an embedding model used for?
  15. How can you handle model responses in a Spring AI controller?
  16. Explain the role of dependency injection in Spring AI.
  17. How is logging handled in Spring AI applications?
  18. What is prompt chaining?
  19. How do you handle API key security in Spring AI applications?
  20. What are the advantages of using Spring AI for enterprise applications?
  21. How is Spring AI related to LangChain?
  22. Can Spring AI run locally without a cloud model?
  23. What is a simple use case of Spring AI in a chatbot?
  24. How do you test a simple Spring AI prompt flow?
  25. What are common error types encountered during Spring AI model calls?

Intermediate Level

  1. How do you configure multiple AI models in one Spring AI application?
  2. What is the ChatClient.Builder used for?
  3. How does the StreamingResponse feature work in Spring AI?
  4. How do you enable reactive programming in Spring AI?
  5. What are dynamic prompts, and when should you use them?
  6. How do you persist conversation history in Spring AI?
  7. Explain how to integrate RedisChatMemory with Spring AI.
  8. What are the benefits of using memory in chat-based applications?
  9. How do you generate embeddings using Spring AI?
  10. Explain the Retriever pattern in Spring AI.
  11. What are vector stores, and how are they used?
  12. How do you integrate Pinecone or FAISS with Spring AI?
  13. What are the steps to build a RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation) pipeline?
  14. How do you chunk documents for better retrieval performance?
  15. Explain the purpose of the EmbeddingStore interface.
  16. How do you configure the model temperature in Spring AI?
  17. What is top-k and top-p sampling in model configuration?
  18. How do you expose an AI-powered REST endpoint in Spring AI?
  19. How does Spring AI manage state between chat sessions?
  20. What is the difference between ChatMemory and Retriever?
  21. How do you handle rate-limiting in Spring AI?
  22. What kind of data format does the model response return?
  23. How do you integrate Azure OpenAI with Spring AI?
  24. How do you handle exceptions in the ChatClient pipeline?
  25. What are the logging and observability best practices in Spring AI?

Advanced Level

  1. How do you implement a custom embedding model?
  2. Explain the difference between OpenAI embeddings and Hugging Face embeddings.
  3. How does the Retriever fetch the most relevant chunks?
  4. What are the best practices for optimizing prompt templates?
  5. How do you design an RAG workflow with context injection?
  6. How do you store and reuse embeddings efficiently?
  7. What is the purpose of using FAISS with Spring AI?
  8. How does Spring AI interact with external APIs during generation?
  9. Explain how streaming responses improve real-time user experience.
  10. How do you use the Function Calling feature in Spring AI?
  11. What is schema definition in Spring AI tools?
  12. How can you integrate a custom AI provider into Spring AI?
  13. Explain how to secure model endpoints using OAuth2 or JWT.
  14. How do you build a context-aware chatbot using memory and retrievers?
  15. What is the difference between retrieval and augmentation in RAG?
  16. How can you improve latency in large model calls?
  17. Explain the role of the ChatModel interface in Spring AI.
  18. How can you create a custom retriever for proprietary data?
  19. How does Spring AI manage token limits in requests?
  20. How do you benchmark model performance in Spring AI?
  21. How do you add observability with Micrometer and Prometheus?
  22. How do you debug failed model responses?
  23. How can you build AI pipelines that use multiple models?
  24. What?s the advantage of using asynchronous calls with Spring AI?
  25. How can you implement multi-turn conversations using ChatMemory?

Expert Level

  1. Explain the internal architecture of the Spring AI ChatClient.
  2. How do you design scalable Spring AI microservices?
  3. What are advanced techniques for fine-tuning model responses?
  4. How do you integrate Spring AI with Kafka for event-driven AI processing?
  5. How can you implement distributed memory for chat state management?
  6. Explain how to customize prompt generation dynamically at runtime.
  7. What is the lifecycle of an embedding request in Spring AI?
  8. How do you build a plug-and-play vector retriever component?
  9. Explain how LangChain components can be wrapped using Spring AI.
  10. How do you implement caching for model responses?
  11. What strategies exist to mitigate AI hallucinations in responses?
  12. How do you build an AI-powered assistant using RAG + Function Calling?
  13. What?s the best way to structure embeddings for multi-domain data?
  14. How do you integrate AI pipelines with CI/CD workflows?
  15. How can you optimize token usage programmatically?
  16. Explain the trade-offs between local and hosted model execution.
  17. How do you handle model versioning and backward compatibility?
  18. What?s the process to extend Spring AI with a new model provider?
  19. How do you design fault-tolerant AI systems using Spring AI?
  20. What are advanced observability patterns (e.g., tracing across AI flows)?
  21. How do you containerize and deploy Spring AI apps on Kubernetes?
  22. How do you implement AI governance and compliance monitoring?
  23. Explain strategies for managing user personalization in GenAI systems.
  24. How can you integrate Spring AI with external knowledge graphs?
  25. What are upcoming features and community roadmaps for Spring AI?

Related Topics


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20 November 2023

#Spring_Framework


Key Concepts


S.No Topic Sub-Topics
1 Spring Core Dependency Injection, IoC, Bean Management, Application Configuration
2 Spring AOP Logging, Security, Transactions, Auditing, Performance Monitoring, Cross Cutting Concerns
3 Spring Context ApplicationContext, Bean Lifecycle, Events, Resource Management, Internationalization
4 Spring Expression Language Dynamic Expressions, Configuration Rules, Conditional Logic, Bean Property Access
5 Spring Boot Rapid Application Development, Auto Configuration, Embedded Server, Production Ready Applications
6 Spring MVC REST APIs, Web Applications, HTTP Request Processing, Controllers, Web Layer
7 Spring WebFlux Reactive Applications, Non Blocking APIs, High Concurrency, Streaming, Real Time Applications
8 Spring WebClient Calling REST APIs, External Services, Async Communication, AI Model APIs, Streaming APIs
9 Spring Validation Request Validation, DTO Validation, Business Input Validation, API Validation
10 Spring Data Database Abstraction, Repository Pattern, CRUD Operations, Database Integration
11 Spring Data JPA Relational Database Applications, ORM, Entity Management, Complex Database Relationships
12 Spring JDBC Direct SQL, High Performance Database Access, Batch Operations, Stored Procedures, Legacy Systems
13 Spring Data MongoDB Document Database Applications, Flexible Schemas, JSON Data, High Volume Applications
14 Spring Data Redis Caching, Session Management, Distributed Cache, Fast Key Value Access, Rate Limiting
15 Spring Data Elasticsearch Full Text Search, Log Search, Analytics, Search Applications, Hybrid AI Search
16 Spring Transactions ACID Transactions, Rollback, Isolation, Transaction Boundaries, Data Consistency
17 Spring Security Authentication, Authorization, API Security, Enterprise Application Security
18 Spring OAuth2 OAuth2 Login, JWT, SSO, Resource Server, Service to Service Authentication
19 Spring Cloud Microservices, Distributed Systems, Cloud Native Applications, Service Management
20 Spring Cloud Config Centralized Configuration, Environment Management, Dynamic Configuration
21 Spring Cloud Gateway API Gateway, Routing, Authentication, Rate Limiting, Request Filtering
22 Spring Cloud OpenFeign Service to Service REST Communication, Declarative HTTP Clients
23 Spring Cloud Circuit Breaker Fault Tolerance, Circuit Breaker, Retry, Timeout, Bulkhead, Resilience
24 Spring Cloud Kubernetes Kubernetes Integration, Service Discovery, Configuration, Cloud Native Deployment
25 Spring Kafka Event Streaming, Asynchronous Processing, Distributed Messaging, Event Driven Systems
26 Spring AMQP RabbitMQ Messaging, Queues, Pub/Sub, Asynchronous Processing
27 Spring Integration Enterprise Integration, Message Routing, Transformation, External System Integration
28 Spring Batch Large Data Processing, ETL, Scheduled Jobs, File Processing, Database Batch Processing
29 Spring Scheduling Scheduled Jobs, Periodic Processing, Maintenance Tasks, Background Jobs
30 Spring Cache Application Caching, Performance Optimization, Redis Integration, Reducing Database Load
31 Spring Test Unit Testing, Integration Testing, Application Context Testing, Test Configuration
32 Spring Boot Test End to End Testing, Integration Testing, Controller Testing, Repository Testing
33 Spring Cloud Stream Event Driven Microservices, Kafka/RabbitMQ Abstraction, Message Processing
34 Spring Cloud Function Serverless Functions, Event Driven Functions, Function as a Service
35 Spring Observability Metrics, Tracing, Logging, Monitoring, Production Diagnostics
36 Spring AI LLM Integration, Chat Applications, Prompt Engineering, AI Application Development
37 Spring AI ChatClient Conversational AI, LLM Requests, Prompt Execution, AI Response Generation
38 Spring AI Embeddings Semantic Search, Document Similarity, Knowledge Retrieval, Vector Representation
39 Spring AI Vector Store Vector Storage, Similarity Search, Semantic Retrieval, AI Knowledge Bases
40 Spring AI RAG Enterprise Knowledge Search, Document Q&A, Grounded AI Responses, Knowledge Retrieval
41 Spring AI Tool Calling LLM Tool Usage, Function Execution, Database Operations, External API Calls
42 Spring AI Advisors Prompt Processing, Memory, RAG Enhancement, Request/Response Interception
43 Spring AI MCP MCP Client, MCP Server, Tool Discovery, AI Context Integration, External Tool Connectivity
44 Spring AI Agent Agent Workflows, Planning, Tool Orchestration, Agent Memory, Autonomous Task Execution
45 Spring AI Evaluation RAG Evaluation, Response Quality, Groundedness, Relevance, AI Regression Testing
46 Spring AI Observability Token Usage, AI Latency, Model Monitoring, Cost Tracking, AI Tracing
47 Spring AI Security Prompt Injection Protection, PII Protection, Data Isolation, Tool Authorization, AI Guardrails
48 Spring AI Multimodal Vision, Image Understanding, Audio, Documents, Multimodal LLM Applications
49 Spring AI Model Integration OpenAI, Azure OpenAI, Ollama, Anthropic, Gemini, Local LLM Integration
50 Spring AI Architecture Enterprise RAG, Agentic RAG, AI Gateway, Model Routing, Multi Agent Systems, AI Governance

Interview question

What is the Spring Framework?
What are the major modules of Spring Framework?
What is Inversion of Control in Spring?
What is Dependency Injection?
What are the types of Dependency Injection?
What is ApplicationContext?
What is BeanFactory?
What is a Spring Bean?
What are Spring Bean scopes?
What is singleton scope?
What is prototype scope?
What is component scanning?
What is @Component?
What is @Service?
What is @Repository?
What is @Controller?
What is @RestController?
What is @Configuration?
What is @Bean?
What is @ComponentScan?
What is @Autowired?
What is @Qualifier?
What is @Primary?
What is constructor injection?
What is circular dependency?
What is lazy initialization?
What is eager initialization?
What is the Spring Bean lifecycle?
What is BeanPostProcessor?
What is BeanFactoryPostProcessor?
What is ApplicationContextAware?
What is @PostConstruct?
What is @PreDestroy?
What is Spring AOP?
What is a Spring proxy?
What is JDK dynamic proxy?
What is CGLIB proxy?
What is a Pointcut?
What is Advice?
What is Around Advice?
What is a Join Point?
What is an Aspect?
What is Spring Expression Language?
What is @Value?
What is @ConfigurationProperties?
What is a Spring Profile?
What is Environment in Spring?
What is a Spring Application Event?
What is @EventListener?
What is Spring Boot?
What is Spring Boot Auto Configuration?
What is a Spring Boot Starter?
What is SpringApplication?
What is an embedded server?
What is Spring Boot Actuator?
What are Spring Boot health endpoints?
What is Spring Boot configuration precedence?
What is @SpringBootApplication?
What is conditional configuration?
What is a custom Spring Boot Starter?
What is DispatcherServlet?
What is Spring MVC?
What is HandlerMapping?
What is HandlerAdapter?
What is @RequestMapping?
What is @GetMapping?
What is @PostMapping?
What is @RequestBody?
What is @ResponseBody?
What is @PathVariable?
What is @RequestParam?
What is @ControllerAdvice?
What is @ExceptionHandler?
What is Spring WebFlux?
What are Mono and Flux?
What is reactive backpressure?
What is WebClient?
What is Spring Data?
What is JpaRepository?
What is Persistence Context?
What is EntityManager?
What is lazy loading?
What is the N+1 query problem?
What is EntityGraph?
What is JdbcTemplate?
What is Spring Transaction Management?
What is @Transactional?
What is transaction propagation?
What are transaction isolation levels?
What is optimistic locking?
What is pessimistic locking?
What is Spring Security?
What is SecurityFilterChain?
What is SecurityContext?
What is authentication?
What is authorization?
What is OAuth2?
What is JWT?
What is a Resource Server?
What is method level security?
Why was Spring Framework created?
Why is Dependency Injection preferred?
Why is constructor injection preferred?
Why is ApplicationContext commonly used?
Why are Spring Beans managed by the container?
Why use interfaces with Spring services?
Why does Spring use proxies?
Why use AOP?
Why does self invocation affect Spring AOP?
Why use @Configuration?
Why use @ConfigurationProperties?
Why use Spring Boot?
Why does Spring Boot use Auto Configuration?
Why are Starter dependencies useful?
Why use Actuator?
Why use embedded servers?
Why use Spring MVC for REST APIs?
Why use DTOs instead of exposing entities?
Why use centralized exception handling?
Why use WebFlux?
Why use WebClient?
Why use reactive programming for high concurrency?
Why use Spring Data?
Why use JPA with Spring?
Why use JdbcTemplate?
Why is the N+1 problem important?
Why use database transactions?
Why use transaction propagation?
Why use optimistic locking?
Why use pessimistic locking?
Why use Spring Security?
Why use OAuth2?
Why use JWT?
Why separate authentication and authorization?
Why use method level security?
Why use Spring Cloud Config?
Why use an API Gateway?
Why use Circuit Breaker?
Why use Kafka with Spring?
Why use consumer groups?
Why use Dead Letter Topics?
Why use idempotent consumers?
Why use Spring Batch?
Why use chunk processing?
Why use partitioning in Spring Batch?
Why use caching?
Why use Testcontainers?
Why use Spring AI?
Why use embeddings in AI applications?
Why use RAG?
Why use tool calling?
Why use MCP with Spring AI?
When should you use Dependency Injection?
When should you use constructor injection?
When should you use @Qualifier?
When should you use @Primary?
When should you use @Lazy?
When should you use prototype scope?
When should you use ApplicationContext?
When should you use Application Events?
When should you use AOP?
When should you use Around Advice?
When should you use @ConfigurationProperties?
When should you use Spring Profiles?
When should you use Spring Boot?
When should you customize Auto Configuration?
When should you use Spring MVC?
When should you use WebFlux?
When should you use WebClient?
When should you use JdbcTemplate?
When should you use JPA?
When should you use EntityGraph?
When should you use transactions?
When should you use optimistic locking?
When should you use pessimistic locking?
When should you use Redis?
When should you use MongoDB?
When should you use Kafka?
When should you use Kafka transactions?
When should you use a Dead Letter Topic?
When should you use Spring Batch?
When should you use partitioning?
When should you use Spring Cloud?
When should you use an API Gateway?
When should you use Circuit Breaker?
When should you use OAuth2?
When should you use JWT?
When should you use method level security?
When should you use caching?
When should you use WebFlux for AI streaming?
When should you use Spring AI?
When should you use embeddings?
When should you use a vector database?
When should you use RAG?
When should you use hybrid search?
When should you use tool calling?
When should you use MCP?
When should you use an AI agent?
When should you use human in the loop?
When should you use Spring AI Advisors?
Which Dependency Injection approach should you use?
Which Spring Bean scope should you use?
Which annotation should you use to define a service?
Which annotation should you use for configuration?
Which annotation should you use for dependency resolution?
Which proxy mechanism does Spring use?
Which AOP advice should you use?
Which configuration mechanism should you use?
Which Spring Boot Starter should you use for REST APIs?
Which server should you use for Spring Boot?
Which Spring MVC annotation should you use for REST endpoints?
Which validation mechanism should you use?
Which exception handling approach should you use?
Which HTTP client should you use in modern Spring applications?
Which reactive type should you use for a single result?
Which reactive type should you use for multiple results?
Which Spring Data repository should you use?
Which database access approach should you use?
Which JPA fetching strategy should you use?
Which locking strategy should you use?
Which transaction propagation should you use?
Which isolation level should you use?
Which authentication mechanism should you use?
Which OAuth2 flow should you use?
Which JWT claims are important?
Which authorization mechanism should you use?
Which Spring Cloud component should you use for configuration?
Which Spring Cloud component should you use for routing?
Which resilience pattern should you use?
Which messaging system should you use with Spring?
Which Kafka acknowledgment mode should you use?
Which Kafka error handling strategy should you use?
Which Spring Batch processing model should you use?
Which Spring Batch scaling strategy should you use?
Which caching strategy should you use?
Which testing approach should you use?
Which Spring AI Chat API should you use?
Which AI model should you use with Spring AI?
Which embedding model should you use?
Which vector database should you use?
Which text splitting strategy should you use?
Which RAG retrieval strategy should you use?
Which search strategy should you use for RAG?
Which re-ranking approach should you use?
Which Spring AI Advisor should you use?
Which tool calling approach should you use?
Which MCP component should you use?
Which agent architecture should you use?
How does Dependency Injection work internally?
How does Spring create a Bean?
How does component scanning work?
How does Spring resolve dependencies?
How does @Qualifier resolve multiple Beans?
How does @Primary work?
How does the Spring Bean lifecycle work?
How does BeanPostProcessor work?
How does Spring AOP work internally?
How does Spring create proxies?
How does @Transactional work internally?
How does Spring Boot Auto Configuration work?
How does Spring Boot discover Auto Configuration?
How does configuration precedence work?
How does DispatcherServlet process a request?
How does Spring MVC resolve a controller method?
How does Spring serialize JSON?
How does global exception handling work?
How does WebFlux process requests?
How does WebClient handle asynchronous requests?
How does Spring Data generate repository implementations?
How does JPA Persistence Context work?
How does lazy loading work?
How do you solve the N+1 query problem?
How does JdbcTemplate execute SQL?
How does Spring transaction management work?
How does optimistic locking work?
How does Spring Security filter the request?
How does JWT authentication work?
How does OAuth2 Resource Server work?
How does method level authorization work?
How does Spring Cloud Config load configuration?
How does API Gateway route requests?
How does Circuit Breaker work?
How does Spring Kafka consume messages?
How does Kafka error handling work?
How does Spring Batch execute a Job?
How does chunk processing work?
How does Spring Cache work?
How does Spring AI ChatClient work?
How does Spring AI call an LLM?
How does an embedding pipeline work?
How does a RAG pipeline work?
How does vector similarity search work?
How does Spring AI tool calling work?
How does Spring AI MCP integration work?
How does an AI agent orchestrate tools?
How do you secure an AI tool?
How do you evaluate a RAG application?
Where is Dependency Injection used?
Where should constructor injection be applied?
Where are Spring Beans managed?
Where does ApplicationContext fit in the architecture?
Where is AOP commonly used?
Where are Spring proxies created?
Where should configuration properties be defined?
Where should Spring Profiles be used?
Where is Auto Configuration applied?
Where does DispatcherServlet operate?
Where should validation be performed?
Where should exception handling be implemented?
Where should WebFlux be used?
Where should WebClient be used?
Where should JPA be used?
Where should JdbcTemplate be used?
Where should caching be implemented?
Where should transactions be defined?
Where should optimistic locking be applied?
Where should Spring Security authentication occur?
Where should authorization rules be defined?
Where should JWT validation occur?
Where should OAuth2 be implemented?
Where should API Gateway security be applied?
Where should Circuit Breaker be implemented?
Where should Kafka be used?
Where should Kafka transactions be used?
Where should Spring Batch be used?
Where should Batch partitioning be used?
Where should distributed tracing be implemented?
Where should Spring AI be introduced in an enterprise architecture?
Where should embeddings be generated?
Where should vectors be stored?
Where should document chunking occur?
Where should RAG retrieval occur?
Where should re-ranking occur?
Where should prompt templates be managed?
Where should AI guardrails be implemented?
Where should tool authorization be enforced?
Where should MCP servers be deployed?
Where should MCP clients be used?
Where should agent memory be stored?
Where should AI observability be implemented?
Where should AI evaluation be performed?
Where should human approval be introduced in an agent workflow?
Where should model routing be implemented?
Where should AI audit logging be implemented?
What is the difference between IoC and Dependency Injection?
What is the difference between BeanFactory and ApplicationContext?
What is the difference between @Component and @Bean?
What is the difference between @Component, @Service and @Repository?
What is the difference between @Primary and @Qualifier?
What is the difference between singleton and prototype scope?
What is the difference between JDK Proxy and CGLIB?
What is the difference between @Value and @ConfigurationProperties?
What is the difference between Spring MVC and Spring WebFlux?
What is the difference between RestTemplate and WebClient?
What is the difference between JpaRepository and CrudRepository?
What is the difference between JPA and JDBC?
What is the difference between lazy loading and eager loading?
What is the difference between optimistic and pessimistic locking?
What is the difference between authentication and authorization?
What is the difference between OAuth2 and JWT?
What is the difference between Kafka and RabbitMQ?
What is the difference between Spring Batch and Spring Scheduling?
What is the difference between RAG and fine tuning?
What is the difference between MCP and function calling?
How would you design a Spring Boot application with multiple implementations of the same interface?
A @Transactional method is not rolling back. How would you troubleshoot it?
A Spring application has a circular dependency. How would you identify and resolve it?
A REST API suddenly becomes slow under heavy traffic. How would you investigate it?
Your service receives duplicate requests. How would you make the API idempotent?
A JPA application is generating thousands of queries. How would you identify and solve the issue?
A database transaction contains multiple service calls. Where would you place the transaction boundary?
Two users update the same database record simultaneously. How would you handle it?
A downstream service is unavailable for several minutes. How would you prevent cascading failures?
A Kafka consumer repeatedly fails for one message. How would you handle the message?
A Kafka consumer processes the same message twice. How would you design for this?
A Spring Batch job processes millions of records and takes too long. How would you optimize it?
A batch job fails halfway through processing. How would you make it restartable?
Your microservices require centralized configuration across environments. How would you design it?
Your APIs need authentication and role based authorization. How would you implement it?
A JWT token is valid but the user receives 403. How would you troubleshoot it?
You need to expose an enterprise document repository to an LLM. How would you design the RAG pipeline?
Your RAG application retrieves irrelevant documents. How would you improve retrieval quality?
Your RAG response contains information that is not present in the retrieved documents. How would you investigate it?
You need an LLM to execute database operations safely. How would you design tool calling?
You need to expose enterprise APIs as tools to multiple AI clients. How would you use MCP?
An AI agent repeatedly calls the same tool. How would you control the workflow?
Your AI application has high token costs. How would you identify and reduce unnecessary usage?
Your AI application must prevent users from accessing documents belonging to another tenant. How would you design tenant aware RAG?
You need human approval before an AI agent performs a financial transaction. How would you design the workflow?

Related Topics


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07 November 2020

#Spring_Cloud

#Spring_Cloud

Key Concepts


S.No Topic Sub-Topics
1 Introduction to Spring Cloud Why Spring Cloud?, Microservices Concepts, CAP Theorem, Cloud Native Architecture, Monolith vs MS
2 Spring Cloud Architecture Core Components, Service Discovery, Config Management, API Gateway, Circuit Breaker
3 Spring Cloud Dependencies Starters, BOM, Spring Cloud Versions, Compatibility Matrix, Maven/Gradle Setup
4 Spring Cloud Config Server Config Server Setup, Git Backend, application.yml, Encryption/Decryption, Refresh Scope
5 Spring Cloud Config Client Bootstrap Config, @RefreshScope, Bus Refresh, Secrets Management, Multiple Profiles
6 Eureka Service Discovery Eureka Server, Client Registration, Heartbeat, Instance Status, Self Preservation
7 Load Balancing with Eureka Client Side LB, Round Robin, Retry, Cache, Health Checks
8 API Gateway Concepts What is Gateway?, Filters, Routing, Global Filters, Path Rewrites
9 Spring Cloud Gateway Route Definitions, Predicates, Filters, CORS, Custom Filter
10 Feign Client Declarative REST, @FeignClient, Load Balancing, Error Decoders, Retry
11 Communication Patterns Sync vs Async, REST vs Messaging, Pub/Sub, gRPC Integration, Event Driven MS
12 Spring Cloud Bus Refresh Events, Kafka Backend, RabbitMQ Backend, Event Broadcasting, Config Sync
13 Circuit Breaker Concepts Fail Fast, Graceful Degradation, Bulkhead, Retry, Timeout
14 Resilience4j CircuitBreaker, Retry, TimeLimiter, Bulkhead, Dashboard
15 Spring Cloud Sleuth Tracing, Trace IDs, Span IDs, Correlation, Zipkin Integration
16 Distributed Logging & Zipkin Zipkin Setup, Collector, Query UI, Service Map, Correlation
17 Spring Cloud Security OAuth2, Keycloak Integration, JWT Propagation, Gateway Security, Token Exchange
18 Distributed Messaging Kafka, RabbitMQ, Topics, Partitions, Consumer Groups
19 Event Driven Microservices Events, CDC, Outbox Pattern, Sagas, Event Sourcing
20 Spring Cloud Stream Bindings, Channel, Functional Model, Kafka Streams, Error Handler
21 Data Management Database per MS, Shared DB Problems, CQRS, Read Replicas, Caching
22 Distributed Transactions 2PC, Saga Pattern, Compensation, Message Relay, Outbox Table
23 Cloud Observability Metrics, Micrometer, Grafana, Prometheus, Alerts
24 Testing Microservices Testcontainers, Contract Testing, Mock Server, Unit Test, Integration Testing
25 Docker & Spring Cloud docker-compose, Multi Service Network, Local Cloud, Volumes, Logs
26 CI/CD for Microservices Pipeline, GitHub Actions, Jenkins, Canary, Blue-Green
27 Kubernetes for Microservices Pods, Deployment, Services, Ingress, ConfigMap & Secrets
28 Helm for Deployment Charts, Values.yaml, Templating, Release Version, Rollback
29 Production Hardening Scaling, Caching Strategy, TLS, Zero Downtime, Canary Testing
30 Final Project Microservices Suite, Eureka, Config Server, Gateway, Resilience4j

Interview question

Basic Level

  1. What is Spring Cloud and why do we use it?
  2. Difference between Spring Boot and Spring Cloud.
  3. What is a microservice in Spring Cloud context?
  4. Explain service discovery in Spring Cloud.
  5. What is Eureka Server?
  6. What is Eureka Client?
  7. How does client-side load balancing work in Spring Cloud?
  8. What is Ribbon in Spring Cloud?
  9. Difference between Ribbon and LoadBalancerClient.
  10. What is Hystrix? Why is it used?
  11. Explain the Circuit Breaker pattern.
  12. What is Spring Cloud Config Server?
  13. How does centralized configuration help in microservices?
  14. What is Spring Cloud Bus?
  15. Explain the difference between Spring Cloud Gateway and Zuul.
  16. What is Feign Client in Spring Cloud?
  17. How do you enable Feign in a Spring Cloud project?
  18. What is a fallback method in Hystrix?
  19. Explain service registration and discovery flow.
  20. What is Spring Cloud Sleuth?
  21. What is Zipkin? How does it integrate with Spring Cloud?
  22. Difference between synchronous and asynchronous communication in microservices.
  23. What are profiles in Spring Cloud Config?
  24. How do you define routes in Spring Cloud Gateway?
  25. What is distributed tracing in Spring Cloud?

Intermediate Level

  1. How does Eureka handle service registration and deregistration?
  2. What is self-preservation mode in Eureka?
  3. Difference between Eureka, Zookeeper, and Consul.
  4. How to secure Spring Cloud Config Server?
  5. How to refresh properties dynamically in Spring Cloud Config?
  6. What is Spring Cloud Stream?
  7. What are binders in Spring Cloud Stream?
  8. What is the role of Spring Cloud Bus with Kafka/RabbitMQ?
  9. How does Spring Cloud Sleuth assign trace and span IDs?
  10. Explain distributed logging in Spring Cloud.
  11. What are retry mechanisms in Spring Cloud?
  12. How to implement API Gateway authentication and authorization?
  13. How does Spring Cloud Gateway handle rate limiting?
  14. What is service-to-service communication in Spring Cloud?
  15. How to use Feign Client for inter-service calls?
  16. What is load balancing in Feign Client?
  17. How to monitor microservices in Spring Cloud?
  18. Explain Hystrix dashboard and Turbine.
  19. How does Spring Cloud integrate with Kubernetes service discovery?
  20. What are config labels and branches in Spring Cloud Config?
  21. Explain Spring Cloud Contract for microservice testing.
  22. What are refresh scopes in Spring Cloud?
  23. How do you secure service-to-service communication?
  24. What is the role of Zuul filters?
  25. How does Spring Cloud Gateway support WebSockets?

Advanced Level

  1. How does Spring Cloud handle scalability in microservices?
  2. Explain the working of Resilience4j vs Hystrix.
  3. How do you implement bulkhead patterns in Spring Cloud?
  4. What is the difference between retry and circuit breaker?
  5. How do you secure communication with OAuth2 in Spring Cloud?
  6. How does Spring Cloud Config handle high availability?
  7. What is Spring Cloud Consul and how is it used?
  8. How do you implement blue-green deployment using Spring Cloud?
  9. What is canary release strategy in Spring Cloud?
  10. Explain distributed sessions with Spring Cloud.
  11. How to implement event-driven architecture using Spring Cloud Stream?
  12. What message brokers are supported by Spring Cloud Stream?
  13. How to achieve fault tolerance in Spring Cloud microservices?
  14. How to perform chaos testing in Spring Cloud applications?
  15. What is Spring Cloud Data Flow?
  16. Explain batch processing vs stream processing in Spring Cloud Data Flow.
  17. How do you configure multiple environments in Config Server?
  18. What is configuration encryption in Spring Cloud Config?
  19. How do you integrate Spring Cloud with Vault?
  20. How do you monitor circuit breakers at scale?
  21. Explain reactive microservices with Spring Cloud.
  22. How to achieve graceful degradation in Spring Cloud?
  23. What are challenges in scaling Eureka Server?
  24. How to design a resilient API Gateway?
  25. How to handle failover in distributed microservices?

Expert Level

  1. How do you design a large-scale system using Spring Cloud microservices?
  2. Explain CAP theorem in the context of Spring Cloud services.
  3. How does Spring Cloud achieve eventual consistency?
  4. How to migrate from a monolith to Spring Cloud microservices?
  5. How to implement multi-tenancy in Spring Cloud applications?
  6. How to integrate Spring Cloud with Istio (service mesh)?
  7. What is the Saga pattern? How do you implement it in Spring Cloud?
  8. Explain choreography vs orchestration in distributed transactions.
  9. How do you achieve zero-downtime deployment in Spring Cloud?
  10. What is API composition pattern in microservices?
  11. How to handle schema evolution in Spring Cloud microservices?
  12. Explain distributed caching in Spring Cloud.
  13. How do you integrate Spring Cloud with Kafka for event sourcing?
  14. How do you ensure observability with Micrometer + Prometheus + Grafana?
  15. How to build resilient CI/CD pipelines for Spring Cloud applications?
  16. How does Spring Cloud handle network partitions?
  17. How to design a fault-tolerant ecosystem with Spring Cloud?
  18. What is polyglot persistence in microservices? How to manage it with Spring Cloud?
  19. How do you implement advanced security (mTLS) in Spring Cloud?
  20. How do you handle cross-cutting concerns (logging, tracing, metrics)?
  21. What are best practices for managing secrets in Spring Cloud?
  22. How do you perform chaos engineering in Spring Cloud?
  23. Explain the role of Spring Cloud in hybrid cloud deployments.
  24. How does Spring Cloud integrate with AWS/GCP/Azure?
  25. How do you combine Spring Cloud with Domain-Driven Design (DDD)?

Related Topics


   Config_Mgmt   
   Service Discovery   
   Load Balancing   
   API Gateway   
   Circuit Breaker   
   Service Mesh   
   Distributed Tracing   
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Labels: ,

#Spring_MVC

#Spring_MVC

Key Concepts


S.No Topic Sub-Topics
1Introduction to MVCMVC Pattern, Model View Controller, DispatcherServlet, Front Controller, Request Flow
2Spring MVC ArchitectureDispatcherServlet, HandlerMapping, Controller, ViewResolver, HandlerAdapter
3Spring MVC SetupMaven Dependencies, web.xml Config, Spring Boot Setup, @SpringBootApplication, Application Properties
4DispatcherServletInitialization, URL Mapping, Request Processing, Handler Resolution, Response Rendering
5Controllers@Controller, @RestController, Handler Methods, RequestMapping, ResponseBody
6Request Mapping@RequestMapping, @GetMapping, @PostMapping, Path Variables, Query Params
7Data BindingBindingResult, @ModelAttribute, Form Data Binding, Conversion Service, Validation
8ViewsJSP, Thymeleaf, FreeMarker, Velocity, Html Templates
9View ResolverInternalResourceViewResolver, ThymeleafViewResolver, Suffix Prefix Config, Content Negotiation, JSP Rendering
10ModelModel Object, ModelMap, ModelAndView, Attributes, Session Attributes
11Form HandlingHTML Forms, POST Request, Form Validation, Form Submission, Binding
12Validation@Valid, JSR303, Custom Validators, BindingResult, Error Display
13Exception Handling@ExceptionHandler, @ControllerAdvice, Global Error Handling, Error Pages, Custom Responses
14InterceptorsHandlerInterceptor, preHandle, postHandle, afterCompletion, Cross-Cutting Logic
15FiltersServlet Filters, FilterChain, Authentication Filters, Logging Filters, CORS Filters
16REST API Development@RestController, JSON Response, HttpStatus, RequestBody, ResponseEntity
17RequestBody and ResponseBodyPayload Binding, Jackson, MessageConverters, JSON Mapping, XML Mapping
18Session ManagementSession Attributes, Cookies, HttpSession, Token Storage, Timeout
19File UploadMultipartFile, Upload Config, Storage Service, File Validation, Error Handling
20Security IntegrationSpring Security, Login Form, Session Auth, CSRF Protection, Authorization
21InternationalizationResourceBundle, LocaleResolver, MessageSource, Language Switch, UI Translations
22LoggingSLF4J, Logback, Request Logging, Log Format, Debugging
23Testing Spring MVCMockMVC, Controller Test, Slice Test, Response Validation, RestTemplate Test
24Database IntegrationSpring Data JPA, Repositories, Entity Mapping, Transaction, CRUD
25Pagination and SortingPageRequest, Pageable, PageableHandlerMethodArgumentResolver, Sorting Parameter, REST Pagination
26Thymeleaf Deep DiveTemplate Expressions, Iterations, Layouts, Fragments, Form Binding
27Async MVCCallable, DeferredResult, WebAsyncTask, Async Request Handling, Thread Pool
28CachingSpring Cache, Cacheable, CacheEvict, CacheManager, EhCache
29API DocumentationSwagger, OpenAPI, UI Config, API Validation, Schema Generation
30Interview PreparationArchitecture Questions, Coding Tasks, Common Patterns, Debugging Skills, Best Practices

Interview question

Basic

  1. What is Spring MVC?
  2. Explain the MVC architecture.
  3. What is DispatcherServlet?
  4. What is the role of HandlerMapping in Spring MVC?
  5. Explain Front Controller design pattern.
  6. What is @Controller annotation?
  7. What is @RestController annotation?
  8. What is @RequestMapping used for?
  9. Difference between @GetMapping and @PostMapping.
  10. How do you use @PathVariable in a controller?
  11. How do you use @RequestParam in a controller?
  12. How do you use @RequestHeader?
  13. What is a Model in Spring MVC?
  14. How do you use @ModelAttribute?
  15. What is the purpose of @InitBinder?
  16. Explain the role of ViewResolver.
  17. What is InternalResourceViewResolver?
  18. How do you return a JSP view from a controller?
  19. How do you return a Thymeleaf view?
  20. How do you pass data from Controller to View?
  21. What is BindingResult used for?
  22. What is @Valid annotation?
  23. What is HttpSession in Spring MVC?
  24. What is a FlashAttribute?
  25. How do you handle form submissions in Spring MVC?

Intermediate

  1. Explain validation in Spring MVC.
  2. Difference between global and local validation.
  3. What is HandlerInterceptor?
  4. What is WebRequestInterceptor?
  5. How do you handle exceptions in Spring MVC?
  6. What is @ExceptionHandler?
  7. What is @ControllerAdvice?
  8. What is ResponseStatusException?
  9. Explain JSON response using @ResponseBody.
  10. What is MessageConverter?
  11. What is Content Negotiation?
  12. Explain versioning strategies for REST APIs.
  13. How do you implement HATEOAS in Spring MVC?
  14. How do you upload files in Spring MVC?
  15. What is MultipartFile?
  16. What is CommonsMultipartResolver?
  17. How do you handle session attributes using @SessionAttributes?
  18. Explain cookies handling in Spring MVC.
  19. How do you implement internationalization (i18n)?
  20. What is MessageSource?
  21. What is LocaleResolver?
  22. What is LocaleChangeInterceptor?
  23. How do you use DeferredResult for async processing?
  24. How do you use Callable for async processing?
  25. What is @Async in Spring MVC?

Advanced

  1. Difference between synchronous and asynchronous controllers.
  2. How do you configure a Filter in Spring MVC?
  3. How do you implement a custom HandlerInterceptor?
  4. How do you implement a custom ViewResolver?
  5. How do you implement a custom MessageConverter?
  6. How do you secure Spring MVC applications using Spring Security?
  7. What is CSRF and how is it handled in Spring MVC?
  8. How do you implement authentication in Spring MVC?
  9. How do you implement authorization in Spring MVC?
  10. How do you implement role-based access control?
  11. How do you test controllers using MockMvc?
  12. How do you test a Spring MVC application with @WebMvcTest?
  13. How do you handle exceptions globally with @ControllerAdvice?
  14. How do you handle validation errors in REST APIs?
  15. How do you implement RESTful services in Spring MVC?
  16. How do you handle JSON and XML requests/responses?
  17. How do you implement cross-origin requests (CORS)?
  18. How do you implement caching in Spring MVC?
  19. How do you implement ETag for resources?
  20. How do you optimize resource handling in Spring MVC?
  21. How do you implement content compression in Spring MVC?
  22. How do you implement conditional GET requests?
  23. How do you integrate Spring MVC with Thymeleaf templates?
  24. How do you implement dynamic view resolution?
  25. How do you handle large file uploads efficiently?

Expert

  1. How do you implement distributed session management?
  2. How do you implement asynchronous REST API calls?
  3. How do you implement streaming large responses?
  4. How do you handle backpressure in async requests?
  5. How do you debug complex Spring MVC request mappings?
  6. How do you optimize memory usage in controllers?
  7. How do you implement advanced exception handling strategies?
  8. How do you implement rate limiting in Spring MVC?
  9. How do you implement throttling for APIs?
  10. How do you integrate Spring MVC with WebSockets?
  11. How do you implement server-sent events (SSE)?
  12. How do you implement dynamic content negotiation?
  13. How do you implement versioned APIs with media types?
  14. How do you implement advanced security with OAuth2/JWT?
  15. How do you integrate Spring MVC with reactive programming (Spring WebFlux)?
  16. How do you handle cross-service communication in microservices?
  17. How do you monitor Spring MVC applications in production?
  18. How do you implement custom interceptors for logging and metrics?
  19. How do you implement advanced testing strategies for controllers?
  20. How do you implement dynamic handler mapping?
  21. How do you implement high-performance REST endpoints?
  22. How do you migrate legacy Spring MVC applications to Spring Boot?
  23. How do you implement API gateways with Spring MVC microservices?
  24. How do you implement advanced exception mapping for REST APIs?
  25. What are best practices for enterprise-grade Spring MVC applications?

Related Topics


-
Labels: ,

03 November 2020

#Spring_Boot

#Spring_Boot

Key Concepts


S.No Topic Sub-Topics
1 Spring Boot Why Spring Boot?, Features, Evolution from Spring, Opinionated Approach, Microservices
2 Spring Boot Architecture Auto-Configuration, Starters, Application Context, Embedded Server, Actuator
3 Spring Boot Initializr Start Code, Dependencies, Packaging, Gradle/Maven, Project Structure
4 Spring Boot Dependency Management Starters, Versions, BOM, Dependency Resolution, Exclusions
5 Spring Boot Annotations @SpringBootApplication, @EnableAutoConfiguration, @Configuration, @ComponentScan, @Value
6 Spring Boot Configuration application.properties, application.yml, Profiles, ENV Variables, Logging
7 Rest API in Spring Boot @RestController, Mappings, JSON Serialization, ResponseEntity, Exception Handling
8 Data Validation @Valid, Custom Validators, BindingResult, Validation Messages, DTO Pattern
9 Service Layer @Service, Business Logic, DTO vs Entity, Mapper, Utility Classes
10 Spring Boot JPA @Entity, Repository Pattern, Query Methods, JPQL, Pagination
11 Database Integrations MySQL, PostgreSQL, H2, Datasource Config, Flyway
12 Transactions @Transactional, Isolation, Propagation, Rollback Rules, AOP
13 Spring Boot Security Basics Authentication, Authorization, UserDetails, PasswordEncoder, Filters
14 JWT Authentication Token Create, Validate, Refresh Token, UserDetailsService, Filter Chain
15 Error Handling Global Exception, @ControllerAdvice, Custom Exceptions, Error Response, Logs
16 Spring Boot Actuator Health Endpoints, Metrics, Auditing, Custom Actuators, Prometheus
17 Spring Boot Logging SLF4J, Logback, Log Levels, JSON Logging, External Logs
18 Spring Boot DevTools Live Reload, Remote Debugging, Auto Restart, Hot Swap, IDE Setup
19 Docker Basics Dockerfile, Build Image, Run Container, Environment Variables, Volumes
20 Docker + Spring Boot Container Image, Multi-Stage Build, docker-compose, Network, Debug
21 Spring Boot with Kafka Producer, Consumer, Topic, JSON Messages, Stream Processing
22 Spring Boot Cache Cache Abstraction, Redis Cache, @Cacheable, Expiry, Invalidations
23 Spring Boot Testing JUnit5, Mockito, WebMvcTest, DataJpaTest, Testcontainers
24 Spring Boot Email Send Email, Template Engine, HTML Email, Attachments, Scheduling
25 Spring Boot Scheduling @Scheduled, Cron Expression, ThreadPoolTaskScheduler, Async, Retry
26 Spring Boot WebSockets STOMP, SimpMessagingTemplate, Controller, Config, Client Test
27 Spring Boot Profiles Profile Property, Profile-based Beans, Multi Env, Dev/Test/Prod Setup, Config
28 Deployment Jar Packaging, WAR Packaging, Embedded Server, Reverse Proxy, Cloud
29 CI/CD GitHub Actions, Jenkins, Pipeline, Docker Registry, Deployment Flow
30 Final Project Full REST API, JWT Security, JPA + PostgreSQL, Docker, CI/CD Pipeline

Interview question

Basic Level

  1. What is Spring Boot and how does it differ from the traditional Spring Framework?
  2. What are the key features of Spring Boot?
  3. What is auto-configuration in Spring Boot?
  4. What is the purpose of the @SpringBootApplication annotation?
  5. What is the default embedded server used in Spring Boot?
  6. How do you create a Spring Boot application using Spring Initializr?
  7. What is the purpose of the application.properties or application.yml file?
  8. What is the difference between application.properties and application.yml?
  9. How do you run a Spring Boot application from the command line?
  10. What are Spring Boot Starters?
  11. How does Spring Boot simplify dependency management?
  12. What is the default port number for a Spring Boot web application?
  13. How can you change the default port of a Spring Boot application?
  14. What is the role of SpringApplication.run() method?
  15. What are the advantages of using Spring Boot DevTools?
  16. What is the use of the @ComponentScan annotation?
  17. What is the use of the @Bean annotation in Spring Boot?
  18. What is the purpose of the @Configuration annotation?
  19. How does Spring Boot handle dependency injection?
  20. What are profiles in Spring Boot and why are they used?
  21. How do you activate a specific Spring profile?
  22. What is the use of CommandLineRunner and ApplicationRunner?
  23. How do you externalize configuration in Spring Boot?
  24. How can you disable a specific auto-configuration?
  25. How can you enable lazy initialization in Spring Boot?

Intermediate Level

  1. How does Spring Boot perform auto-configuration internally?
  2. What are conditional annotations in Spring Boot?
  3. How can you customize the auto-configuration in Spring Boot?
  4. What is the difference between @Value and @ConfigurationProperties?
  5. How do you handle exceptions globally in Spring Boot?
  6. What is the use of @ControllerAdvice and @ExceptionHandler?
  7. How do you validate request bodies using Spring Boot?
  8. What is the role of Hibernate Validator in Spring Boot?
  9. How does Spring Boot handle logging by default?
  10. How can you use different logging frameworks in Spring Boot?
  11. How do you use the @RestController annotation?
  12. What is the difference between @Controller and @RestController?
  13. How can you customize HTTP responses in Spring Boot REST?
  14. How do you use ResponseEntity in REST controllers?
  15. What is the use of @PathVariable and @RequestParam?
  16. How do you test Spring Boot applications using @SpringBootTest?
  17. What is the purpose of the @DataJpaTest annotation?
  18. How do you use MockMvc for testing controllers?
  19. What is the difference between integration testing and unit testing?
  20. How do you manage transactions in Spring Boot using @Transactional?
  21. How does Spring Boot support JPA and Hibernate?
  22. How do you configure multiple data sources in Spring Boot?
  23. What is the role of Spring Boot Actuator?
  24. How do you enable custom Actuator endpoints?
  25. How do you use Spring Boot caching with @EnableCaching and @Cacheable?

Advanced Level

  1. What is the internal working of Spring Boot?s auto-configuration mechanism?
  2. How do you create custom auto-configuration classes in Spring Boot?
  3. How does Spring Boot integrate with Spring Cloud?
  4. How do you secure REST APIs in Spring Boot using Spring Security?
  5. What is the use of JWT in Spring Boot Security?
  6. How do you implement OAuth2 in Spring Boot?
  7. How do you enable and use @EnableScheduling for task scheduling?
  8. How do you execute asynchronous tasks using @Async?
  9. How do you integrate Spring Boot with Kafka?
  10. How do you integrate RabbitMQ with Spring Boot?
  11. How does Spring Boot support WebFlux for reactive programming?
  12. What is the difference between Spring MVC and Spring WebFlux?
  13. How do you monitor Spring Boot applications using Actuator and Micrometer?
  14. How do you integrate Spring Boot with Prometheus and Grafana?
  15. How can you implement health checks in Spring Boot applications?
  16. How do you use Docker to containerize a Spring Boot application?
  17. How do you configure Spring Boot applications in Kubernetes?
  18. How do you use ConfigMaps and Secrets in Kubernetes for Spring Boot?
  19. What is the use of Spring Cloud Config Server?
  20. How do you implement centralized configuration using Spring Cloud Config?
  21. What is the purpose of Eureka in microservices architecture?
  22. How does Spring Boot handle distributed tracing using Sleuth?
  23. How do you configure circuit breakers in Spring Boot using Resilience4j?
  24. How do you configure retries and rate limiting using Resilience4j?
  25. How do you implement service-to-service communication in Spring Boot?

Expert Level

  1. How do you build a microservices architecture using Spring Boot and Spring Cloud?
  2. What are common performance tuning techniques for Spring Boot applications?
  3. How do you implement caching at scale using Redis in Spring Boot?
  4. How do you implement asynchronous communication using Kafka streams?
  5. How can you optimize database access in Spring Boot using JPA and Hibernate?
  6. How do you customize connection pooling using HikariCP in Spring Boot?
  7. How do you secure microservices communication in Spring Boot?
  8. What are some common pitfalls in Spring Boot security configurations?
  9. How do you use OpenTelemetry for observability in Spring Boot?
  10. How do you expose metrics using Micrometer?
  11. How do you design custom starter modules in Spring Boot?
  12. What is the process for creating your own spring-boot-starter?
  13. How do you integrate Spring Boot with GraphQL?
  14. How do you configure GraalVM Native Image in Spring Boot 3?
  15. How does AOT (Ahead of Time) compilation work in Spring Boot?
  16. How do you handle large file uploads and downloads efficiently?
  17. How do you handle database migrations using Flyway and Liquibase?
  18. How do you handle multi-environment configuration management?
  19. How do you build multi-module Spring Boot applications?
  20. How do you use Testcontainers for integration testing?
  21. How do you design resilient APIs using Spring Boot and Resilience4j?
  22. How do you integrate ELK stack (Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana) with Spring Boot?
  23. How do you use Spring Boot with MongoDB for reactive applications?
  24. What are the latest features introduced in Spring Boot 3.x?
  25. How do you design a production-ready Spring Boot application architecture?

Related Topics


-
Labels: ,

#Spring_Security

#Spring_Security

Key Concepts


S.No Topic Sub-Topics
1Spring SecuritySecurity Basics, Authentication vs Authorization, Filters, DelegatingFilterProxy, SecurityContext
2Spring Security ArchitectureFilter Chain, SecurityContextHolder, AuthenticationManager, ProviderManager, AccessDecisionManager
3Security Config SetupSpring Boot Starter Security, @EnableWebSecurity, SecurityFilterChain, HttpSecurity, WebSecurityCustomizer
4AuthenticationAuthentication Object, UserDetails, UserDetailsService, AuthenticationProvider, PasswordEncoder
5Authorization@PreAuthorize, @PostAuthorize, AccessDecisionVoters, Role Hierarchy, Security Expressions
6Password EncodingBCryptPasswordEncoder, DelegatingPasswordEncoder, Password Storage, Strength Factor, Salting
7UserDetailsServiceCustom Implementation, LoadUserByUsername, InMemoryUserDetailsManager, JDBC UserDetails, JPA UserDetails
8AuthenticationProviderProviderManager, DaoAuthenticationProvider, Custom Provider, Exceptions, Authentication Logic
9Security FiltersFilter Ordering, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter, BasicAuthenticationFilter, LogoutFilter, AbstractAuthenticationProcessingFilter
10CSRF ProtectionCSRF Token, CSRF Header, Form Integration, Stateless CSRF, CSRF Exclusions
11Session ManagementSession Fixation, Session Creation Policy, Concurrent Sessions, Session Timeout, Remember Me
12Remember MePersistent Token, Cookie Based Token, TokenRepository, Auto Login, Security Config
13Login and LogoutCustom Login Page, Default Login Page, Logout Success, Redirects, Failure Handler
14Role Based SecurityRoles vs Authorities, GrantedAuthority, RoleHierarchyImpl, AccessDecision, Policy Rules
15Method Level Security@Secured, @PreAuthorize, @PostAuthorize, Meta Annotations, SpEL Expressions
16JWT AuthenticationJWT Token, Token Filter, Token Parsing, Expiry Handling, Refresh Tokens
17JWT ImplementationToken Generation, Signing, Claims, Token Validation, Blacklist Tokens
18OAuth2 OverviewOAuth2 Roles, Client, Resource Server, Authorization Server, Grant Types
19OAuth2 ClientClient Registration, Redirect URI, Client Secret, Access Token, Scopes
20OAuth2 LoginLogin with Google, Authorization Code Flow, Token Exchange, OpenID Connect, Claims Mapping
21OAuth2 Resource ServerToken Verification, JWKS Endpoint, Bearer Token Filter, Scope Validation, Security Rules
22Spring Security 6 ChangesSecurityFilterChain Bean, Removed WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter, Lambda DSL, AuthorizationManager, New Defaults
23Security for REST APIsStateless Auth, Bearer Token, Unauthorized Handling, Exception Handling, Cors Config
24Cross-Origin Resource SharingCORS Basics, PreFlight Requests, CorsConfiguration, Global CORS, Allowed Origins
25Custom AuthenticationTwo Factor Auth, Token Based Auth, Mobile OTP Auth, Custom Filter, External Service Auth
26Security TestingMockMvc Test, @WithMockUser, Security Test Utils, Access Rules Test, JWT Test
27Actuator SecurityActuator Endpoints, Health Endpoint, Info Endpoint, Role Based Actuator, Token Based Access
28Logging and MonitoringAudit Events, Failure Events, Success Events, Logging Details, Monitoring Logs
29Best PracticesPassword Policy, Account Locking, Token Expiry, Key Rotation, Secure Storage
30Interview PreparationArchitecture Questions, JWT Questions, OAuth Questions, Authorization Rules, Real Time Scenarios

Interview question

Basic

  1. What is Spring Security and why is it used?
  2. How does authentication differ from authorization?
  3. What is the default login page provided by Spring Security?
  4. What is the role of AuthenticationManager in Spring Security?
  5. Explain the purpose of UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken.
  6. What is SecurityContext and how is it managed?
  7. What is SecurityContextHolder used for?
  8. How does Spring Security handle password encryption?
  9. What is BCryptPasswordEncoder?
  10. What are the main components of Spring Security architecture?
  11. How to enable Spring Security in a Spring Boot project?
  12. What is the role of UserDetails and UserDetailsService?
  13. How do you configure in-memory authentication in Spring Security?
  14. What is the default username and password generated by Spring Boot Security?
  15. What is GrantedAuthority in Spring Security?
  16. How to restrict access to a URL based on user role?
  17. What are @EnableWebSecurity and WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter?
  18. How to disable CSRF protection in Spring Security?
  19. What is the purpose of HttpSecurity?
  20. What is the difference between hasRole() and hasAuthority()?
  21. How to configure form-based login in Spring Security?
  22. What is Remember-Me authentication in Spring Security?
  23. How do you configure a custom login page?
  24. What is AccessDeniedHandler?
  25. How does Spring Security handle logout?

Intermediate

  1. How does Spring Security handle session management?
  2. What is session fixation attack and how to prevent it?
  3. What is the role of DelegatingFilterProxy?
  4. Explain the purpose of FilterChainProxy.
  5. How does Spring Security apply filters in a specific order?
  6. What is CSRF protection and how does it work in Spring Security?
  7. How to customize CSRF tokens in Spring Security?
  8. Explain exception handling in Spring Security.
  9. How does Spring Security integrate with LDAP?
  10. What is the difference between role-based and attribute-based access control?
  11. How to use @PreAuthorize and @PostAuthorize annotations?
  12. What is @Secured annotation in Spring Security?
  13. Explain how method-level security works.
  14. How to customize AuthenticationProvider?
  15. What is DaoAuthenticationProvider?
  16. How does Spring Security handle multiple authentication providers?
  17. Explain the concept of anonymous authentication.
  18. How to configure CORS with Spring Security?
  19. How does Spring Security protect against clickjacking?
  20. How to configure HTTPS/SSL in Spring Security?
  21. What is SecurityFilterChain in Spring Security 5.7+?
  22. How does Spring Security Test framework work?
  23. How to use @WithMockUser in testing?
  24. Explain SecurityMockMvcRequestPostProcessors.
  25. How do you override default error messages in Spring Security?

Advanced

  1. How does JWT authentication work with Spring Security?
  2. How do you generate and validate JWT tokens?
  3. What is the role of OncePerRequestFilter in JWT authentication?
  4. How does stateless authentication differ from stateful?
  5. How does Spring Security integrate with OAuth2?
  6. What is the Authorization Code flow in OAuth2?
  7. Explain the role of PKCE in OAuth2.
  8. How to configure Spring Security as an OAuth2 resource server?
  9. How does Spring Security handle introspection of opaque tokens?
  10. What is OpenID Connect and how does it extend OAuth2?
  11. What is the difference between ID Token and Access Token?
  12. How does Spring Security handle multi-factor authentication?
  13. How to implement OTP-based login in Spring Security?
  14. How to build a custom authentication filter?
  15. What is AbstractAuthenticationProcessingFilter?
  16. How to implement custom access decision logic?
  17. What is a PermissionEvaluator in Spring Security?
  18. How do you secure REST APIs with Spring Security?
  19. How to integrate Spring Security with GraphQL?
  20. How to configure Spring Security with WebFlux?
  21. What is ServerHttpSecurity in reactive security?
  22. How to secure microservices with Spring Cloud Gateway and Spring Security?
  23. What is service-to-service authentication?
  24. How to integrate Spring Security with Keycloak?
  25. How to integrate Spring Security with Okta?

Expert

  1. How does Spring Security handle distributed sessions?
  2. How do you configure single sign-on (SSO) with Spring Security?
  3. What is federated identity management?
  4. How does Spring Security integrate with SAML?
  5. What are the challenges in securing microservices with Spring Security?
  6. How to configure centralized authentication in a microservices architecture?
  7. What is token relay in Spring Security with microservices?
  8. How does Spring Security handle token expiration and refresh?
  9. How to implement fine-grained authorization using SpEL?
  10. What is Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC)?
  11. How to create custom annotations for access control?
  12. How does Spring Security handle reactive streams authentication?
  13. How to implement security in event-driven architectures?
  14. What are security best practices for Spring Security in production?
  15. How to secure WebSockets with Spring Security?
  16. How to prevent brute force attacks in Spring Security?
  17. How to implement account lockout after multiple failed logins?
  18. How to implement rate limiting with Spring Security?
  19. How does Spring Security integrate with external IAM systems?
  20. How to handle security in CI/CD pipelines using Spring Security?
  21. How to implement zero trust security model with Spring Security?
  22. How to perform penetration testing for Spring Security apps?
  23. How to handle secrets management with Spring Security?
  24. How to use Spring Security with Kubernetes and service meshes?
  25. How to design a large-scale authentication architecture using Spring Security?

Related Topics


   JWT   
   OAuth2   
   OpenID Connect   
   LDAP   
   Active Directory   
   MFA   
   TOTP   
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22 October 2020

#Spring_AOP

#Spring_AOP

Key Concepts


S.No Topic Sub-Topics
1 AOP AOP, OOP vs AOP, Cross-cutting concerns, Benefits, Real Use Cases
2 Spring AOP Basics AOP Concepts, Proxy Pattern, Join Point, Pointcut, Aspect
3 AOP Terminology Advice, Around Advice, After Advice, Before Advice, Weaving
4 Spring AOP Architecture Proxy Factory, BeanPostProcessor, Weaving Approaches, CGLIB, JDK Proxy
5 AOP Configuration XML Config, @EnableAspectJAutoProxy, AspectJ Support, AOP Proxies, Java Config
6 @Aspect Annotation @Aspect, @Pointcut, @Before, @After, @Around
7 Pointcut Expressions execution(), within(), args(), this(), any Methods
8 Advice Types @Before, @After, @AfterReturning, @AfterThrowing, @Around
9 JoinPoint API JoinPoint Object, MethodSignature, Arguments, Target, ProceedingJoinPoint
10 Returning Value in Advice Returning Advice, Return Type Capture, AfterReturning Advice, Modify Response, Logging
11 Exception Handling in AOP @AfterThrowing, Throwable Capture, Logging Errors, Rethrow Exception, Custom Logic
12 Around Advice Deep Dive ProceedingJoinPoint, Before & After Execution, Time Measurement, Transaction Handling, Performance
13 AOP and Bean Lifecycle AOP Proxy Creation, Bean Initialization, Target Object, Singleton Proxy, Prototype
14 Aspect Ordering @Order, Multiple Aspects, Execution Sequence, Priority, Chaining
15 AOP Logging Use Case Start/End Logs, Arguments Logging, Response Logging, Exception Logging, MDC
16 AOP for Security Auth Interceptor, Permission Check, Method Security, Role Validation, Token Validation
17 AOP for Transactions @Transactional Internals, AOP-based Transaction, Commit/Rollback Logic, Isolation, Propagation
18 AOP for Caching @Cacheable Internals, Proxy Cache, Cache Evicting, Condition, TTL
19 AOP and Performance Method Timing, Profiling, Bottleneck Detection, Latency Tracking, Metrics
20 AspectJ Intro What is AspectJ?, AspectJ Syntax, Compile-time Weaving, Load-time Weaving, Performance
21 AspectJ vs Spring AOP Proxy Dominated, Feature Comparison, Scenarios, Best Practices, Limitations
22 Testing AOP Unit Testing Advice, Test Order, Mock JoinPoint, Integration Test, Verify Behavior
23 AOP in Spring Boot Auto Config, Minimal Setup, Starters, Async Advice, Logback Integration
24 AOP with Annotation Custom Annotation, Interceptor, Metadata, Annotation Processing, Dynamic Logic
25 Distributed Tracing with AOP Tracing Interceptor, Span IDs, Headers Propagation, Zipkin/Sleuth, Monitoring
26 AOP for Data Validation Pre-checks, Parameter Validation, Annotation Driven, DTO Validation, Data Sanitization
27 AOP in Microservices Service Boundary, Log Correlation, Metrics, Retry Handler, Error Recovery
28 AOP Best Practices Selective Pointcut, Avoid Overuse, Clear Intent, Testing, Documentation
29 Performance Optimization AOP vs Manual Code, Overhead Reduction, Proxy Type Choice, Keep Minimal Scope, Benchmark
30 Final Project Custom Aspect, Logging, Transaction Control, Metrics, PDF Report

Interview question

Basic Level

  1. What is AOP in Spring?
  2. What are the advantages of using AOP?
  3. What is a cross-cutting concern?
  4. What is an aspect in Spring AOP?
  5. What is advice in Spring AOP?
  6. What is a join point?
  7. What is a pointcut?
  8. What is weaving in AOP?
  9. What is a proxy in Spring AOP?
  10. Difference between proxy-based and AspectJ AOP?
  11. What is the difference between AOP and OOP?
  12. What are the different types of advice in Spring AOP?
  13. What is @Aspect annotation?
  14. How do you define a pointcut expression?
  15. What is the difference between before and after advice?
  16. What is after returning advice?
  17. What is after throwing advice?
  18. What is around advice?
  19. How do you apply multiple advices to the same join point?
  20. What is the default order of advice execution?
  21. How does Spring AOP integrate with Spring Boot?
  22. What is the difference between JDK dynamic proxy and CGLIB proxy?
  23. What limitations does Spring AOP have compared to AspectJ?
  24. How do you enable Spring AOP in XML configuration?
  25. How do you enable Spring AOP using annotations?

Intermediate Level

  1. How do you write a pointcut expression using execution()?
  2. How do you write a pointcut expression using within()?
  3. How do you write a pointcut expression using args()?
  4. How do you write a pointcut expression using @annotation()?
  5. What is the use of this() and target() pointcut designators?
  6. How do you combine multiple pointcut expressions?
  7. How do you pass method parameters to advice?
  8. How do you access return values in advice?
  9. How do you handle exceptions in advice?
  10. What is the use of JoinPoint object in advice?
  11. What is ProceedingJoinPoint?
  12. How do you implement around advice using ProceedingJoinPoint?
  13. How do you control the execution order of multiple aspects?
  14. How do you apply aspects to specific beans using @Component?
  15. How do you apply aspects using XML configuration?
  16. How do you test Spring AOP aspects?
  17. What are some common use cases for Spring AOP?
  18. How do you log method execution using AOP?
  19. How do you measure performance using AOP?
  20. How do you handle security using AOP?
  21. How do you implement transaction management using AOP?
  22. How do you create custom annotations for pointcuts?
  23. What are some best practices when using Spring AOP?
  24. How does AOP affect application performance?
  25. How do you debug AOP issues in Spring?

Advanced Level

  1. How does Spring AOP create proxies internally?
  2. How does CGLIB proxy differ from JDK dynamic proxy internally?
  3. What is the role of ProxyFactoryBean?
  4. How do you implement introduction (type) advice?
  5. How do you add methods or interfaces to existing beans?
  6. What is the difference between compile-time and runtime weaving?
  7. How do you use AspectJ load-time weaving?
  8. How do you configure AspectJ with Spring Boot?
  9. How do you implement conditional pointcuts?
  10. How do you implement dynamic pointcuts at runtime?
  11. How does Spring handle multiple aspects targeting the same join point?
  12. How do you handle nested aspects?
  13. How do you combine annotations and XML configuration in Spring AOP?
  14. How do you optimize AOP for performance?
  15. How do you avoid proxy overhead in Spring AOP?
  16. How do you handle self-invocation problem in AOP?
  17. How do you implement aspects for private methods?
  18. How do you handle exceptions thrown inside advice?
  19. How do you implement asynchronous advice?
  20. How do you implement retry logic using AOP?
  21. How do you handle method arguments modification in advice?
  22. How do you intercept return values and modify them?
  23. How do you implement caching using AOP?
  24. How do you implement auditing using AOP?
  25. How do you implement validation using AOP?

Expert Level

  1. How does Spring AOP differ from full AspectJ AOP?
  2. How do you configure AspectJ compile-time weaving?
  3. How do you configure AspectJ load-time weaving in a production environment?
  4. How do you integrate Spring AOP with other frameworks like Hibernate?
  5. How do you handle cross-module aspects in large projects?
  6. How do you monitor aspect execution in production?
  7. How do you handle aspect dependencies?
  8. How do you implement aspect prioritization in complex scenarios?
  9. How do you implement pointcut inheritance?
  10. How do you combine annotations and programmatic aspects?
  11. How do you implement custom pointcut designators?
  12. How do you implement security for aspect execution?
  13. How do you implement multi-threaded advice safely?
  14. How do you handle memory leaks with Spring AOP proxies?
  15. How do you implement logging with high-performance constraints?
  16. How do you implement aspect-driven performance metrics?
  17. How do you implement transaction rollback using AOP?
  18. How do you implement aspect-driven exception handling strategies?
  19. How do you implement dynamic proxies programmatically?
  20. How do you integrate Spring AOP with reactive programming?
  21. How do you use aspects in Spring WebFlux?
  22. How do you implement auditing for microservices using AOP?
  23. How do you implement cross-service logging using AOP?
  24. How do you integrate Spring AOP with cloud-native applications?
  25. What are the best practices for maintaining complex AOP configurations?

Related Topics


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